PPR- MCore

Ref. Doc
Trip Time Reach
Instantaneous (~30mSec ie IED op.time)
(or) Within max 1.5 cycle, 80% of P-Line 1-1-3
CB trip coil to get energized
Zone-1 100msec
Note: For allowing Distance
80% of P-Line with Series Compensation
Measurement after series capacitor is
bypassed
350mSec for P-Line < 100km Which is Greater in 1 & 2 below:
Zone-2 1) (120% of P-Line)
500mSec for P-Line > 100km 2) (100% of P-Line) + (50% of AS-Line)
Which is Smaller in 1 & 2 below:
1) (120% of P-Line) + (100% of AL-Line)
Zone-3 1000 mSec
2) (100% of P-Line) + (100% of AL-Line) +
(25% of AL-Line)
Zone-3R
Reverse 1000 mSec 25% of P-Line in Reverse Direction
Zone

KPTCL Spec: 220kV Lines PGCIL Spec:

Types of << It is PPR notes >>
Faults in Due to Natural Reasons: << Detailed spec Not specified>>
Transmi
Trees Touching the Transmission Lines  Mostly Causing << It is PPR notes >>
ssion Temporary Faults.
Lines /
Fault with Arcs : Tree faults with Arc, Insulator Failure with
Reason Arc, Fallen Conductor to Ground with Arc
for
Broken Conductor
Tripping
Weekend in-feed type of faults

Insulator Failures

Wind causing adjacent conductors to come closer & arc
flashing between lines.

FOG creating voltage short circuits

Lightning Strokes

Due to PS System reasons:

Load Encroachment & Load Discrimination

False settings Parallel Line mutual compensation

False settings of Series compensated lines

PLCC – Trip received from other end substation IED

Improper Residual Compensation

U/V & O/V

SOTF

Due to Substation Equipment Faults:

PT Fuse Failure (or) Very low in-feed of voltage (PT Failures)

Current Supervision (CT Failures)

LBB (CB Failures)

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PPR- MCore

System
Method1: Auto Reclose

Restorat
Method2: After fault clearing, Manual Charging of lines
ion
System
Disturbance Recorder

Analysis
Fault Locator

Event List
Distance It shall have:
Protecti
Relay characteristic setting range: 30 - 750
RCA Range: 30-850
on
3 Forward and 1-Reverse zone
3 Forward and 1-Reverse zone
Function
Quadrilateral Characteristic
Quadrilateral / mho /.. Characteristic
Block
Suitable for - Any type of Line Length;
Zone-2 time range: 0-3Sec; Zone-3: 0-5Sec

Suitable for Heavily Loaded / Lightly Loaded lines

Operating time For SIR 0.01-to-4: < 30mSec to 40mSec

Operating time For SIR 4-to-15: < 35mSec to 45mSec
(This does not include carrier transmission time)
SIR: Ratio of “ Source Impedance” to “LINE Impedance”

Reset Time: < 35mSec

Reset time <55mSec

Characteristic offsetting for Zone-3

Characteristic offsetting for Zone-3 (10-20%)

Residual Compensation for 30-150%

Variable Residual Compensation

Parallel line – mutual compensation

PLCC
Permissive Over reach, Permissive Under reach & blocking
Permissive Over reach, Permissive Under reach & blocking
communication modes communication modes

Carrier transmission time ~ 20mS
Auto
1Φ & 3Φ auto reclosing facility For 765/400/220kV Lines
Reclose
Be of Single Shot type
Have 1Φ reclosing facilities (3ph-not there/deleted)

Dead time range – 0.1 to 2Sec (for both 1Φ & 3Φ )
Be of Single Shot type

Reclaim time range – 5 – 25 Sec
A/R fun shall be in separate IED other than Main-1 and Main-2

A/R Selection Switch – Off / 1Φ / 3Φ / (1Φ & 3Φ)
Dead time range – 0.1 to 2Sec (for both 1Φ & 3Φ )

A/R lockout – when distance protection schemes are faulty
Reclaim time range – 5 – 300 Sec
/ Permanent fault / out of service
A/R 2-Pos Selection Switch – Off or 1Φ

have priority circuit to closing of both circuit breakers in case
one and half breaker arrangements in a sequential closing of
breakers process

A/R Function Shall be in BCU (if BCU provided)

132kV Lines

For 132kV Lines A/R function can be integral part of Main
Protection IED.
Check
Time Setting range: 0.5 to 5 Sec
Time Setting range: 0.5 to 5 Sec
Synchro
Response time <200mSec (with the timer disconnected)
Response time <200mSec (with the timer disconnected)
nising
Have Deadline charging feature
Have phase angle setting not exceeding 35 Degree
Dead Line : Fixed setting of 20% of rated voltage
Have voltage angle setting not exceeding 10%
Live Line: Fixed setting of 80% of rated voltage
Have Deadline charging feature
Dead Line : Fixed setting of 20% of rated voltage
Live Line: Fixed setting of 80% of rated voltage

Why check sync spec deleted in PGCIL spec..?

IED
CT Cores – Continuously Load.: 1.2 Times of Full Load current
CT Cores – Continuously Load.: 1.2 Times of Full Load current
hardwar
CT Cores – Short Time Ratin… : 70 Times of Full Load current
CT Cores – Short Time Ratin… : 70 Times of Full Load current
e Spec
PT Cores…………………………….: 1.2 Times of Nominal Voltage
PT Cores…………………………….: 1.2 Times of Nominal Voltage

DI/DO : See IED spec
DI/DO : See IED spec


Fault
It shall be impedance Based. Suitable for all L-N, L-L , L-L-L

Locator faults & broken conductor

Measurement will be based on measuring values prior to
and during the fault

Accuracy – 3% or better.

The accuracy of the measurement shall not be
affected / influenced by :
 line leading prior to the fault ,
 remote infeed,
 magnitude of the fault resistance
 mutual effect of parallel line(s),
 CVT transients,
 DC component of in fault current,
 heavy load conditions,
 temperature variations,
 Frequency divisions.

Shall be suitable for “ Three (3) cycle CB “

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PPR- MCore

LBB
It shall be based on Current Principle
Be 3-Pole type

It shall be based on Current Principle

Current setting range: 20-80% of rated current
(Continuous thermal withstand rating: 2 times rated current)

Timer range: 0.1 –to- 1 Sec

Operating time <15mSec

Reset Time< 15mSec

Line Prot: Get individual initiation from corresponding LBB
phase

Trafo/Reactor: 3Ph initiation is acceptable
Master
High Speed, DC Operated
Contact Rating: @ 220V DC, 30A for 0.2 Sec with L/R>10mSec
Trip
Max Operating time: 10mSec;
Operating time <=10mS
Relay
Reset time: 20mSec
TSR
All Trip coils shall be supervised. DC fail in trip circuits shall

be supervised

Time Delay on drop off – not less than 200mSec
(To avoid false annunciation during temporary surges)

Provided with Operation Indication (LED)
DC Ckt
Time Delay on drop off – not less than 100mSec

Sup.
Separate DC supply-monitoring relay shall be provided for
DC main
circuit, control circuit of tripping relay and protection circuit
of each panel

Provided with Operation Indication (LED)

Alarm, Accept & Reset ckt shall be built
Voltage
PT Selection circuits between line CVT & Bus CVT.

Selectio When line CVT is failed, manually protections shall be
n switched to Bus CVT.
Disturba
It shall have minimum:

nce  8-Analog channels
Recorde  16-Event Channels
r
COMTRADE Format

Response Freq: 5Hz to (250Hz or better on upper side)
Scan Rate: 1000 Hz/Channel or better
(1000 sample per second; ie.,20 samples per 50Hz cycle)

Starting Sensors: DR shall start when O/v, abnormal di/dt,
df/dt

Pre-fault duration: 160mS; Post-fault Duration: 2-5 Sec

If one disturbance occurs during Post-fault duration, same
shall also be recorded

Analog Amplitude Resolution >= 8bit;
Event Resolution >=2mSec

It shall have own-time generator. Allowed Drift 0.5sec/day

If no separate time-sync equip. available, use any one IED
time to synchronize other IEDs time.

System << Not specified >>
The maximum fault current could be as high as 63kA
Fault
Minimum fault current could be as low as 20% of rated current
Level of CT secondary.
Backup Over Current / Earth Fault relay A) For 765kV/400kV/220kV Lines :
Protecti
Electro-magnetic type Dir. Earth Fault relay
ons
Single Pole, Directional/ Non Directional
IDMT Characteristic

IDMT characteristic
Normal Inverse IEC Curve to be used
O/C Setting range: 50-200% of full load current
Must have a current reversal guard feature
E/F Setting Range: 20-80% (or) 10-40%

Def. time: 3 Sec @ 10 times of setting B) For 132kV Lines:

Directional element shall be voltage polarized Dir. Over Current & Earth Fault Protection:

Max. Relay Char. Torque Angle (RCA) shall be 450
Three O/C and One E/F Elements
Earth Fault relay additional features
VT Fuse fail alarm feature

Operating coil of DEFR shall be connected in residual circuit
IDMT with definite min time of 3Sec at 10 times setting
of star connection of line CTs
Current Setting range: 50-200% of rated current

Polarization voltage shall be obtained from OPEN DELTA
RCA: 30/45 degree lead
connection VT secondary ckt.
Hand reset flag / LEDs

Earth Fault Element:

IDMT with definite min time of 3Sec at 10 times setting

Current Setting range: 20-80% of rated current

RCA: 45/60 degree lag
Over NA
Two independent Stages
Voltage
Can be built in function of Main-1/Main-2 IED

Stage1 Setting Range: 100-170% of rated voltage

Stage1 Time setting range: 1-60Sec

Stage2 Setting Range: 100-170% of rated voltage

Stage2 Time setting range: 100-200mSec

Drop off to Pickup ratio: 95% (Hysteresis)

Provide separate output contacts for each PHASE and STAGE
for breaker trip relays and EL/DR etc

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PPR- MCore

Event

Recorde
r

Typical
Line
Data

PGCIL Spec Continued…

Secondary Impedance…? (After Trafo..?)

NOTE: As per PGCIL Spec Fault Case Studies – To be tested and note down the reading & observations

Page: 4 of 5
PPR- MCore

Protection Philosophy:

KPTCL Spec PGCIL Spec

765kV 132kV
220kV 110 kV Lines
Line Protection / 400kV
Lines / 66kV Lines
/ 220kV
Main1:
Distance Protection (21) √ √ √ √
L-N, L-L, L-L-L
Main2:
Distance Protection (21) NA NA √ NA
L-N, L-L, L-L-L
Carrier aided Distance
protection (PLCC) with
√ NA √ (??)
Permissive over reach &
under reach
Broken Conductor √ √ √ √
SOTF √ √ √ √
Weekend In-feed √ √ √ √
O/V √ NA √ NA
U/V for Iso/Esw
√ √ √ √
Interlocks
Power Swing √ NA √ (??)
CT/PT Supervision √ √ √ √
DR / EL / Fault-Locator √ √ √ √
LBB √ √ √ √
Auto Reclose √ NA √ √
Check Synch √ NA √ (??)
√
Backup O/C Protection √ NA √
Note-1
Backup E/F protection √ √ √ √
Special Note: Note-2 Note-3

Note1:- As per KPTCL spec : Back up protection shall be of Electromagnetic type.

Note2:- VT Sources : Line CVT is preferred. If it fails use Bus CVT. PT Selection scheme shall be built

Note3:- VT Sources : Bus CVT shall be used.

PGCIL:-

1) Main-1 and Main-2 – Relay makes shall be different.

2) Further, If specified in the “Section- Project “, back up Over current and Earth fault protection shall be provided instead of Main -II protection
scheme for 220KV lines to match with requirements at the remote ends.

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