3.

Externa¡ Changes
How do the following change the landscape: the water of rivers and r' -' seas, wind and
people?
2. What happens when the water inside the cracks in rocks becomes ice?
3. Where do eroded materials settle?

The sea deposits the materials it caíries on beaches.

The Externa¡ Forces of the Earth Wind, water and peopfe erode the relier Earth's
exterior. These changes happen ~

Questions :

millions of years.

Externa¡ changes happen in three phase ,- er, ground, transport of the materials erodec of
these materials in far off places.
lErosion
Erosion is the constant wearing away of rock The action of temperature, water, wínd
and F erosion.
1 • Sharp changes in temperature break ro`fragments. This happens in areas where w
difference between day and níght tempY= r. example, mountains and deserts.
Somet -- : that has filtered through the cracks in ro,- -" acts like a wedge and breaks
the rocks.
• Rainwater, rívers and seas constantly erc

-~ Rain and snow dissolve parts of the soil's -- v Rívers wear away banks. They erode
mattriver bed. They create deep valleys and c~,waves of the sea wear away the
coasts. U waters hollow out large caves.
 • The wind mostly erodes soft rocks. It also - 'v where there is a lot of sand, like
deserts ar: • People cut down forests. They cause fires, . . etc. These actions cause
the erosíon of the ~

Chamonix, The Alps. Millions of years ago ice rivers crea• , valleys.

Ir : irse of a River

-rodes materials in its upper course. z Waterfalls r -leve¡ mountainous or hilly areas. They continue
'erials. 3 The river creates deep gorges. Jeposits some materials in its middle
 -=ates meanders. 5 The river deposits creates terraces.
-
deposits the materials ws mouth. This creates -ie river creates
r :~es
unsporting Materials
a-sport means carrying eroded materials.

rld, water currents and the waters of the sea ~rt these materials. Winds carry sand
and small ~ivers and seas carry large amounts of dissolved ;Is. They also carry
materials floating on the surface.
!dimentation

ompare
• Where do you think the erosive power of a river is greater: in the upper, middle or lower
course?
• Where is deposition greater? Why?
c mentation means depositing the materials carried by t*er. ice or wind.
uses great changes in the landscape:

- river carries the materials. It deposits them on the

_ ws to create terraces. It deposits them at its mouth to _ te deltas.

-
w=- waves of the sea deposit materials on the low _ - —es. They create
beaches.
wind transports large quantities of sand. This creates dunes.
Activities
Explain erosion, transport and sedimentation in the following cases:
a) a river c) a desert
b) a sea d) a mountain
Are erosive processes happening on the Earth now? W hy?