“A STUDY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES OF CHEMICAL

INDUSTRIES WITH REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD REGION”

By

NIYAS KK

720614631075

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

HAPPY VALLEY BUSINESS SCHOOL

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree

of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

ANNA UNIVERSITY

CHENNAI 600 025

JUNE, 2016
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report titled “A STUDY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY

MEASURES OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES WITH REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD

REGION.” is the bonafide work of Mr. NIYAS KK, who carried out the research under

my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported

herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a

degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.

…………………………… ………………………

M. Lors Porseena Dr. T.BINA,

Faculty Guide HOD

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on ………………...............................

----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------

(Signature of Internal Examiner with date) (Signature of External Examiner with date)
ABSTRACT

Labor health and safety are the measures of promoting the efficiency of labor. The
various Health and Safety measures provided by the employer will have immediate impact
on the health, physical and mental efficiency alertness, morale and overall efficiency of the
worker and thereby contributing to the higher productivity.
This paper highlights the Health and Safety measures taken in the chemical
industry, the employees’ satisfaction level, and to identify the overall quality of work life
of the employees.
Through this study I found that some of the facilities and services which fall within
the preview of labor Health and Safety including cleanliness of the work place, drinking
water facilities, toilet facilities, proper arrangements of machines, medical facilities and
maintenance of the building.
The Data collection was done through Interview schedule. To analyze, the collected
data I used percentage analysis, one way ANOVA, Independent T test and Mean Score.
Different charts and graphs were drawn to interpret the collected data.
Through this study I can suggest something to the companies. The companies
should provide more Health and Safety training to the employees. Give more attentions to
the fresher. Company should try to give the training between six months. The companies
should try to give periodical health checkups for the employees and keep good contacts
with a Hospital.
The companies can conduct some awareness classes for the employees. Apart from
that, try to provide much better safety requirements for the employees. These may helps to
reduce the levels of accidents inside the company.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and

assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this all along the

completion of my project work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and

assistance and I would not forget to thank them.

I heartily thank our Director Dr .C. Kanagaraj for the guidance and suggestions

during this project work. I am thankful and fortunate enough to get constant

encouragement, support and guidance from our HOD Dr .T. Bina.

I owe my profound gratitude to our project guide M. Lors Porseena, who took

keen interest in my project work and guided me all long, till the completion of my project

work by providing all the necessary information for a good project.

And I am very thankful to my parents, friends and all the people who helped me to

complete this project.

NIYAS KK
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO:

INTRODUCTION
1 1.1 Introduction to The topic of the Study 1-4
1.2 Industry Profile 4-9
1.3 Company Profile 10-12
MAIN THEME OF PROJECT
2.1 Need for the Study 13
2.2 Review of Literature 13-14
2.3 Objectives of Study 15
2.4 Research Methodology 15
2 2.4.1 Research Design 15
2.4.2 Sample Design 15-16
2.4.3 Data Collection Method 16
2.4.4 Date Analysis Tools 16-17
2.5 Limitation of the Study 17
3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 18-41
RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND
CONCLUSION
4 4.1 Findings 42-43
4.2 Suggestions 44
4.3 Conclusion 45
ANNEXURE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. LIST OF TABLES PAGE NO.

1 Age of the respondents 18
2 Gender of the respondents 19
3 Educational Qualification of the respondents 20
4 Experience of the respondents 21
5 Awareness of the respondents toward Health and Safety 22
measures adopted in the company
6 Effective Arrangements for communicating Health and 23
Safety issues
7 Company Provide medical Facilities to the workers 24

8 Have you attended Health and Safety training in the 25

company
9 Frequency of training offered by the company 26

10-11 Mean Scores 27-29

12-13 Independent Sample T test 30-33

14-17 One way ANOVA 34-41

 LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NO. LIST OF CHARTS PAGE NO.

1 Age of the respondents 18
2 Gender of the respondents 19
3 Educational Qualification of the respondents 20
4 Experience of the respondents 21
5 Awareness of the respondents toward Health and Safety 22
measures adopted in the company
6 Effective Arrangements for communicating Health and 23
Safety issues
7 Company Provide medical Facilities to the workers 24

8 Have you attended Health and Safety training in the 25

company
9 Frequency of training offered by the company 26
 CHAPTER: 1

INTRODUCTION
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC OF THE STUDY

In order to keep employees producing at least at the level indicated by their

potential at the time of their employment, it is essential for prevent anything from
happening to them that might result in a temporary or permanent reduction in output
because of source such as accidents or injuries and illness due to ill health. Since accidents
and illness not only disrupt output but also carry with them sizeable monetary costs. It
becomes extremely important for industrial organization to take all possible steps to
prevent or reduce accident &severity as well as to eliminate anything that might contribute
to the onset or prolongation of an illness.
Safety and health principles are universal, but how much action is needed will
depend on the size of the organization, the hazards presented by its activities, the physical
characteristics of the organization, products or services, and the adequacy of its existing
arrangements. Many of the features of effective safety and health management are
analogous to the sound management practices advocated by proponents of quality
management, environmental protection, and business excellence. Commercially successful
companies often excel at safety and health management as well, precisely because they
apply the same efficient business expertise to safety and health as to all other aspects of
their operations.
Due to rapid industrialization, industrial workers are exposed to several types of
hazards and accidents. Every year lakhs of workers are injured due to mechanical,
chemical, electrical and radiation hazards and it leads to partial or total disablement. So in
recent years, greater attention is given to health and safety due to pressure from
government, trade unions, labour laws and awareness of employers. The efficiency of
workers depends to a great extends on the environment in which the work. Work
environment consists of all the factors, which act and react on the body and mind of an
employee. The primary aim is to create an environment, which ensures the greatest ease of
work and removes all causes of worries.
Definition
According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health
Organization (WHO), health and safety at work is aimed at:
 the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupations;
 the prevention among workers of leaving work due to health problems caused by
their working conditions;
 the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health;
 the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted
to his or her physiological and psychological capabilities;
 And, to summaries, the adaptation of work to the person and of each person to
their job.
Health and safety is given a wide definition in the European Union context, going beyond
the avoidance of accidents and prevention of disease to include all aspects of the worker’s
well-being. The competence of the EU to intervene in the field of health and safety at work
is defined by the provision in Article 153 of the European Treaty, which authorises the
Council to adopt, by means of directives, minimum requirements as regards ‘improvement
in particular of the working environment to protect workers’ health and safety’ (a provision
originating in the Single European Act 1986). The significance of this broad scope of
‘health and safety’ is immense, as it underpins the potential of EU health and safety policy
to prescribe minimum standards to protect all aspects of the worker’s well-being.
What is Health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely
the absence of diseases. It’s a positive and dynamic concept which means something more
than the absence of illness.
Physical Health:
The health of employees results in reduced productivity, high unsafe acts, and increased
absenteeism. A healthy worker, on the other hand, produces results opposite to these. In
other words, healthy employees are more productive, more safe conscious, and are more
regular to work. The worker who is healthy is always cheerful, confident looking and is an
invaluable asset to the organization.
Mental Health:
In recent years, mental health of employees, particularly that of executives, has engaged
the attention of employers. Three reasons may be given for this development. First, mental
breakdowns are common in modern days because of pressures and tensions. Second,
mental disturbances of various types result in reduced productivity and lower profits for
the Organization. Third, mental illness takes its toll through alcoholism, high employee
turnover, and poor human relationships. A mental health service is generally rendered in
the following ways:
(i) Psychiatric counseling.
(ii) Co-operation and consultation with outside psychiatrists and specialists.
(iii) Education of company personnel in the manner and the importance of mental health.
(iv) Development & maintenance of an effective human relations programs.

What is Safety?
Safety refers to the absence of accidents. Stated differently, safely refers to the
protection of workers from the danger of accidents. Safety, in simple terms, means
freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. Industrial safety or employee safety
refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial accidents. An accident,
then is an unplanned and uncontrolled event in which an action or reaction of an object, a
substance, a person, or a radiation results in personal injury.
Types of Accidents:
Accidents are of different types. They may be classified as major and minor ones,
depending upon the severity of the injury. An accident which ends in a death, or which
results in a prolonged disability to the injured is a major one. A scratch or a cut which does
not seriously disable him/her is a minor accident, but an accident nevertheless. A mere
incision or a deep scratch, say, on the leg or the shoulder, may or may not immediately
disable the worker, but he or she may develop disability later. Again, a wound which may
disable one worker may not disable another who receives a similar injury. An accident may
be internal or external. If a worker falls, or an object falls on him or her, it is possible he or
she may show no external signs of injury, but he or she may have fractured a bone or
strained a muscle or nerve- which is an internal injury. A worker may be disabled by an
injury for hour, half a day, a day, a week, a month, or a few months. If he or she recovers
from such a disability, his or her disability is temporary. If the injury is such that he or she
will never recover fully, his or her disability is permanent.
Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many
specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:
 The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupations.
 The prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their
working conditions.
 The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health.
 The placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted
to physical and mental needs.
 The adaptation of work to humans.
Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and
participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programs and involves
the consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene,
toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc. Occupational
health issues are often given less attention than occupational safety issues because the
former are generally more difficult to confront. However, when health is addressed, so is
safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition also a safe workplace. The converse,
though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is not necessarily also a healthy
workplace. The important point is that issues of both health and safety must be addressed
in every workplace.
Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight
hours a day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc.
Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy. Unfortunately some employers
assume little responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety.
1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Although chemicals were made and used throughout history, the birth of the heavy
chemical industry (production of chemicals in large quantities for a variety of uses)
coincided with the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in general. The chemical
industry can be broadly classified into two segments – organic and inorganic chemicals.
Organic chemicals cover over half of all known chemical compounds, and include
petrochemicals, drugs, cosmetics, agrochemicals, etc. Inorganic chemicals comprise
alkalis, dyes and dyestuffs. Based on a more functional classification, chemicals can be
divided into basic, specialty and fine chemicals. Alkali chemicals form the highest chunk
in the total chemical production in India. During FY10, alkali chemicals production (till
February 2012) was 5.5 MMT and accounted for around 71% of the total chemical
production. The dyestuff sector is one of the important segments of the Indian chemical
industry and has forward and backward linkages with a variety of sectors such as textiles,
leather, paper, plastics, printing inks and foodstuffs. The textile industry accounts for 70%
of the consumption of dyestuffs.

History of Chemical Industry

One of the first chemicals to be produced in large amounts through industrial

process was sulfuric acid. In 1736, the pharmacist Joshua Ward developed a process for its
production that involved heating saltpeter and allowing the sulfur to oxidize and combine
with water. It was the first practical production of sulfuric acid on a large scale. John
Roebuck and Samuel Garbett were the first to establish a large-scale factory
in Prestonpans in 1749, which used leaden condensing chambers for the manufacture of
sulfuric acid.

In the early 18th century, cloth was bleached by treating it with stale urine or sour
milk and exposing it to sunlight for long periods of time, which created a severe bottleneck
in production. Sulfuric acid began to be used as a more efficient agent as well as lime by
the middle of the century, but it was the discovery of bleaching powder by Charles
Tennant that spurred the creation of the first great chemical industrial enterprise. His
powder was made by reacting chlorine with dry slaked lime and proved to be a cheap and
successful product. He opened a factory in St Rollox, north of Glasgow and production
went from just 52 tons in 1799 to almost 10,000 tons just five years later.
 Soda ash was used since ancient times in the production of glass, textile, soap,
and paper, and the source of the potash had traditionally been wood ashes in Western
Europe. By the 18th century, this source was becoming uneconomical due to deforestation,
and the French Academy of Sciences offered a prize of 2400 livres for a method to produce
alkali from sea salt (sodium chloride). The Leblanc processwas patented in 1791
by Nicolas Leblanc who then built a Leblanc plant at Saint-Denis. He was denied his prize
money because of theFrench Revolution.

However, it was in Britain that the Leblanc process really took off.[5] William
Losh built the first soda works in Britain at the Losh, Wilson and Bell works on the River
Tyne in 1816, but it remained on a small scale due to large tariffs on salt production until
1824. When these tariffs were repealed, the British soda industry was able to rapidly
expand. James Muspratt's chemical works in Liverpool and Charles Tennant's complex
near Glasgow became the largest chemical production centres anywhere. By the 1870s, the
British soda output of 200,000 tons annually exceeded that of all other nations in the world
combined.

These huge factories began to produce a greater diversity of chemicals as

the Industrial Revolution matured. Originally, large quantities of alkaline waste were
vented into the environment from the production of soda, provoking one of the first pieces
of environmental legislation to be passed in 1863. This provided for close inspection of the
factories and imposed heavy fines on those exceeding the limits on pollution. Methods
were soon devised to make useful byproducts from the alkali.

The Solvay process was developed by the Belgian industrial chemist Ernest
Solvay in 1861. In 1864, Solvay and his brother Alfred constructed a plant in the Belgian
town of Charleroi and in 1874; they expanded into a larger plant in Nancy, France. The
new process proved more economical and less polluting than the Leblanc method, and its
use spread. In the same year, Ludwig Mond visited Solvay to acquire the rights to use his
process, and he and John Brunner formed the firm of Brunner, Mond & Co., and built a
Solvay plant at Winning ton, England. Mond was instrumental in making the Solvay
process a commercial success; he made several refinements between 1873 and 1880 that
removed byproducts that could slow or halt the mass production of sodium carbonate
through use of the process.
Expansion and maturation

The late 19th century saw an explosion in both the quantity of production and the
variety of chemicals that were manufactured. Large chemical industries also took shape in
Germany and later in the United States.

In the 1840s he established large works near London for the manufacture
of superphosphate of lime. Processes for the vulcanization of rubber were patented
by Charles Goodyear in the US and Thomas Hancock in England in the 1840s. The first
synthetic dye was discovered by William Henry Perkin in London. He partly
transformed aniline into a crude mixture which, when extracted with alcohol, produced a
substance with an intense purple color. He also developed the first synthetic perfumes.
However, it was German industry that quickly began to dominate the field of synthetic
dyes. The three major firms BASF, Bayer and Hoechst produced several hundred different
dyes, and by 1913, the German industry produced almost 90 percent of the world supply of
dyestuffs and sold about 80 percent of their production abroad.

The industrial production of soap from vegetable oils was started by William
Lever and his brother James in 1885 in Lancashire based on a modern chemical process
invented by William Hough Watson that used glycerin and vegetable oils. By the 1920s,
chemical firms consolidated into large conglomerates; IG Farben in Germany, Rhône-
Poulenc in France and Imperial Chemical Industries in Britain. Dupont became a major
chemicals firm in the early 20th century in America. Currently chemical production is a
high-tech industry, where the competitiveness is more based on capacity in investment on
research and development than the labor cost.

Chemical Industry in India

The Indian chemical industry is among the established traditional sectors of the
country that play an integral role in the country’s economic development. This sector
forms a part of the basic goods industry and is a critical input for industrial and agricultural
development. The Indian chemical industry is one of the oldest industries in India and has
made immense contribution to the industrial and agricultural development of India. It
encompasses both large and small-scale units. The fiscal incentives granted to the small-
scale units in the mid-1980s provided the thrust to the growth of MSMEs in the sector. The
chemical industry serves the needs of sectors such as textiles, leather, plastics, paper,
printing inks and food stuffs, among others. The chemical industry is among the most
diversified industrial sectors and includes basic chemicals and its products, petrochemicals,
fertilizers, paints, gases, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. The sector covers over 70,000
commercial products, and provides the feedstock to many downstream industries such as
finished drugs, dyestuffs, paper, synthetic rubber, plastics, polyester, paints, pesticides,
fertilizers and detergents. Over the years, the industry has been evolving with a shift
towards product innovation, brand building and environmental friendliness. Besides,
customer focus is gaining significance in the industry.

The industry comprises both small-scale and large units (including MNCs) and
produces thousands of products and byproducts ranging from plastics and petrochemicals
to cosmetics and toiletries. The industry consumes a significant share (around one-third)
of its own production. The industry has a 14% weightage in the overall Index of Industrial
Production (IIP) which gives an indication of its importance in the country’s industrial
growth. A robust chemical industry ushers in many economic and strategic benefits for
the nation. As on March 31, 2008, the size of the Indian chemical industry was estimated
at around USD 35 bn and 3% of India’s GDP. The Indian chemical sector accounts for 13-
14% of total exports and 8-9% of total imports of India. In terms of volume of production,
it is the twelfth-largest in the world and the third-largest in Asia. Currently, the per capita
consumption of products of the Indian chemical industry is one-tenth of the world
average, which reflects the huge potential for further growth. The Indian advantage lies in
the manufacturing of basic chemicals that are also known as commodity chemicals that
account for about 57% of the total domestic chemical sector.

Chemical Industry in Palakkad Region

Palakkad is one of the main industrial district in the Kerala. There are various
industries in the district. The city of Palakkad is the district headquarters. Palakkad is
bordered on the northwest by the Malappuram District, on the southwest by the Thrissur
District, on the northeast by The Nilgiris District and on the east by Coimbatore
district of Tamil Nadu. The district is 24.4% urbanised according to the census of 2011.
The district is nicknamed "the granary of Kerala" and "Rice bowl of Kerala".
 Palakkad district the chief granary of Kerala is often called the Gateway of Kerala,
lying at the foot of Western Ghats, bordering the neighbouring State of
Tamilnadu. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district. Main crops
cultivated are paddy, Coconut, Rubber, Palm trees, Pulses, Areca nut, Tapioca, Ginger,
Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cotton etc. Many major firms have their plants in Kanjikode area
like UB Group, BPL Group, Coca Cola and Pepsi. Other prominent units include Paragon
Steels Ltd, Malabar Cements Limited, Marico Industries, Empee Distilleries, Kerala Agro
Machinery Corporation Ltd, Tatafone, etc

In the case of chemical industry there are plenty of small, medium and large scale
companies in Palakkad and surroundings. There are so many paint, acid, plastic, cement,
pharmaceutical and aluminium companies. Large number of employees working on these
companies and factories. These companies providing more job opportunities to the people.
The companies have an important role on the growth of the chemical industry in Kerala
and Palakkad district also.

1.3 COMPANY PROFILE

1. ABHILASH CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS PVT LTD

Abhilash chemicals and pharmaceuticals private limited is a specialty chemical
manufacturing company based out of Palakkad in Kerala. Their core team has been at
the helm of the consultely evolving performance chemicals industry for over 3 decades.
They produce leather chemicals, textile auxiliaries, specialty resins for
industrial/decorative coatings and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Leather chemical vertical is one of their oldest and most established business units.
They have been catering to the demanding and constantly changing needs of the global
leather industry for over 2 decades. They offering extensive, end-to-end solutions for
the leather industry with our product line extending right from the beam house to
finishing operation.
They fully integrated manufacturing plant in Palakkad makes a full range of
syntans, a portfolio of wet end acrylics, a range of fact liquors, auxiliaries, dispersions,
emulsions, polyurethanes and finishing addictives. They have application laboratory,
warehouses and representative offices across major tanning centers in south India and a
growing number of locations across India. They have strong API manufacturing
divisions. They are currently one of the leading producers of Metformin Hydrochloride
(oralantidibetic agent).

PRODUCTS:
The development of solvent free products is one of the most significant advances in
the coating industry. Water based coatings are now used worldwide in many diverse
applications. Acrylic emulsion have now become the premium binders for high-
performance water based coatings because of their unique blend of properties: Quality,
versatility, easy to formulate, environmentally friendly.
The company manufacturing acrylics for the leather and textile industries for over
two decades now and consider acrylics to be our core competency. They now offer
strong products for the coating industry, dedicated to help our customers achieve their
business objectives. Their product portfolio includes:
 Pure acrylics binders
 Styrene acrylic binders
 VAM based binders
 Emulsion thickeners
 Dispersants
They are committed to the customers and their strength lies in the fact that their
product portfolio offers a very good balance between quality, performance and valu for
money.

2. PALAKKAD CHLORATE AND ALLIED CHEMICALS PVT LTD

Since its foundation in 1992, the company’s philosophy has been to contribute to
society through the manufacture and supply of Organic Laboratory chemicals. We are
proud that today the company offers more than 26000 quality reagents on global basis.
In recent years the business has also expanded to the manufacture of fine chemicals
such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials and electroluminescence
compounds, the building blocks for liquid crystals.
 In the belief that chemistry is key to humanity, and to help open the door to a bright
future, company constantly seek to improve their technology and skill. Their aim is to
provide a growing and valuable range of research products and to reach ever high
levels of quality and customer service.

PROCUCTS:

I. Laboratory Chemicals:

 Synthetic Organic Chemicals

 Functional Materials
 Biochemicals
 Analytical Reagents…etc

II. Fine & Specialty Chemicals:

 Functional Materials
 Electronics Information Materials
 Pharmaceutical Raw Materials
 Cosmetic Raw Materials…etc
III. Custom Synthesis:
 Organic Intermediaries
 Functional Materials
 Pharmaceutical Intermediaries
 Cosmetic Intermediaries…etc

3. GOOD BUY SOAPS & COSMETICS (P) LTD

Good Buy Soaps & Cosmetics Private Limited is incorporated in the year of 2007
February. As one of the fast growing industrial sector, cosmetics and personal care
market is now stable with healthy symbols. To provide Genuine and healthy cosmetics
products with ethical vision, Good Buy Soaps Cosmetics Private Limited has decided
to launch its innovative products to the market. ‘Kattar’ a premium beauty soap with
aloe Vera content is such a quality product which is produced in a vision to cater the
consumers along with high responding features. Indigenous Aloe juice is added as a
moisturizing and skin softening agent in Kattar Beauty Soap.
Cosmetics market is responding highly positive to Good Buy products. Good Buy
Soaps & Cosmetics Private Limited has a fully equipped Automatic soap
manufacturing unit at Kanjikode, a booming Industrial developing area in Palakkad,
Kerala state. Its marketing office at Calicut, a well known town of business historical
past.
The company is planning to launch its new Toilet & Cosmetics personal care
products in near future. To serve the society with ethical vision, the company is now
its on route to global market.
The main products of the Good Buy company are Kattar Soap and Jaslim Skin care
beauty soap.
 CHAPTER: 2

MAIN THEME OF THE STUDY

MAIN THEME OF THE PROJECT REPORT

2.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

In particular this study aims to analyse

 To analyse various Health and Safety measures in Chemical industries.

 To encourage the management for giving more Health and Safety measures to the
employees.
 To improve the awareness of Health and Safety in the mind set of employees.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Johannson B; Rask K; Stenberg M (2010), this study was to carry out a broad survey
and analysis of relevant research articles about piece rate wages and their effects on health
and safety. A total of 75 research articles were examined extensively and 31 of these were
found relevant and had sufficient quality to serve the purpose of this study. The findings of
these relevant articles are summarized and analyzed in the survey. More recent research
shows a clear interest for health, musculoskeletal injuries, physical workload, pains and
occupational injuries. The fact that 27 of the 31 studied articles found negative effects of
piece rates on different aspects of health and safety does not prove causality, but together
they give very strong support that in most situations piece rates have negative effects on
health and safety.

Tompa, Emile PhD; Dolinschi, Roman MA; de Oliveira (2009), we reviewed the
occupational health and safety intervention literature to synthesize evidence on financial
merits of such interventions. A literature search included journal databases, existing
systematic reviews, and studies identified by content experts. We found strong evidence
that ergonomic and other musculoskeletal injury prevention intervention in manufacturing
and warehousing are worth undertaking in terms of their financial merits. The economic
evaluation of interventions in this literature warrants further expansion. The review also
provided insights into how the methodological quality of economic evaluations in this
literature could be improved.
Conor CO Reynolds; M Anne Harris; Peter A Cripton; Meghan Winters (2009),
Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness. Understanding ways of making bicycling
safer is important to improving population health. We reviewed studies of the impact of
transportation infrastructure on bicyclist safety. To assess safety, studies examining the
following outcomes were included: injuries; injury severity; and crashes. Results to date
suggest that sidewalks and multi-use trails pose the highest risk, major roads are more
hazardous than minor roads, and the presence of bicycle facilities (e.g. on-road bike routes,
on-road marked bike lanes, and off-road bike paths) was associated with the lowest risk.
Street lighting, paved surfaces, and low-angled grades are additional factors that appear to
improve cyclist safety.

Lucia Artazcoz; Imma Cortes; Vincenta Escriba-aguir; Lorena Cascant (2009), the
objectives of this study was to identify family and job characteristics associated with long
work hours. The sample was composed of all salaried workers aged 16–64 years (3950
men and 3153 women) interviewed in the 2006 Catalonian Health Survey. Factors
associated with long working hours differed by gender. In men, working 51–60 h a week
was consistently associated with poor mental health status, self-reported hypertension, job
dissatisfaction, smoking, shortage of sleep. Among women it was only related to smoking
and to shortage of sleep. The association of overtime with different health indicators
among men and women could be explained by their role as the family breadwinner.

Dee W. Edington; Alyssa B. Schultz (2008), The aim was to present the literature which
provides evidence of the association between health risks and the workplace economic
measures of time away from work, reduced productivity at work, health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A search of PubMed was conducted and high quality studies were
selected and combined with studies known to the authors. A strong body of evidence exists
which shows that health risks of workers are associated with health care costs and
pharmaceutical costs. A growing body of literature also confirms that health risks are
associated with the productivity measures. The paper shows that measures of success will
continue to be important as the field of worksite health management moves forward.
2.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The studies have the following objectives,

1. To examine the Health and Safety measures of chemical industries in Palakkad

region
2. To find out the employee’s satisfaction towards Health and Safety measures
provided by their company
3. To find out the impact of demographic variables on the Health and Safety
measures.

2.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

As the basic input of my study is primary data the research methodology mainly
used is Interview schedule method. As a part of collection of data, questionnaire is printed
and recorded the responds of the respondents by interview. This questionnaire contains a
set of questions, which is very easy to understand and useful for my study. I used ask the
questions in the regional language for the comfort of the respondent. Questionnaire deals
with with the objective of a research study, the method of defining the research problem,
the type of data collected, methods used for collecting and analyzing the data.

2.4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive Research, this study is undertaken in order to ascertain and able to

describe the characteristics of the variable of interest in a situation. Descriptive research
includes survey and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds.
Descriptive research is used for this study. Descriptive research describes an event
or a phenomenon. Descriptive studies aims at portraying accurately the characteristics of a
particular group or situation. Descriptive research is concerned with describing the
characteristics of a particular individual or group.

2.4.2 SAMPLE DESIGN

Population
Population can be defined as including all people or items with the characteristic
one wish to understand. Population for this study consists of all people who working in the
Chemical industries in Palakkad.
Sample Size

I have targeted 150 people who working in chemical industry for the purpose of the
study. I have selected three Chemical companies and 50 people from each company as the
respondent of this study.

2.4.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Primary Data

 Interview Schedule Method

Secondary Data

Data collected from Published Sources such as Journals, Magazines etc.

2.4.4 DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS

Analysis is the application of reasoning to understand and interpret the data that
have been collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive
statistics refers to the describing or summarizing of information about the population, and
this application is used to describe the characteristics of the population sample.

STATISTICAL TOOLS
Percentage Analysis
Percentage method refers to a specified kind which is used in making Comparison
between two or more series of data. It compares the relative items. Since the percentage
reduces everything to a common base and thereby allow meaning comparison.
No. of respondents
Percentage = ------------------------------- x 100
Total no of respondents
One Way Anova
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there are
any significant differences between the means of two or more independent (unrelated)
groups (although you tend to only see it used when there are a minimum of three, rather
than two groups). For example, you could use a one-way ANOVA to understand whether
exam performance differed based on test anxiety levels amongst students, dividing students
into three independent groups. Also, it is important to realize that the one-way ANOVA is
an omnibus test statistic and does not identify which specific groups were significantly
different from each other; it only tells which two groups were different.

Mean Score
The mean is the average of all numbers and is sometimes called the arithmetic
mean. To calculate mean, add together all of the numbers in a set and then divide the sum
by the total count of numbers. It is a part of measures of central tendency.

Independent Sample T Test

The independent sample t test compares the means of two independent groups in
order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that the associated population mean
are significantly different.

Graphical Tools
Bar Diagrams are used for analysis. Bar diagram consists of a series of rectangular
bar standing on a common base. The length of the bars is proportional to their magnitude.
The Comparison among the bars is based on lengths.

2.4.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Following are some of the limitations of the study

 Sample size was relatively small compared to the entire population.
 Time period is short and resource constraints.
 Considered only few Health and Safety measures.
 The respondents were unable or unwilling to give response.
 CHAPTER: 3

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRITATION

TABLE NO: 1
TABLE SHOWING AGE OF THE RESPONDENT
Age Frequency Percent
BELOW 20 YEARS 31 20.7
20-30 39 26.0
30-40 41 27.3
40-50 22 14.7
ABOVE 50 17 11.3
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 1
30

25

20
Percentage

15

10

0
BELOW 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 ABOVE 50
YEARS
Age

INTERPRETATION

From the above table and chart, it is inferred that majority of respondents were people
belongs to 30-40 years age group (27.3%) then 20-30 years people (26%). Below 20 years
(20.7%), 40-50 years (14.7%) and only 11.3% people in the above 50 years age group.
 TABLE NO: 2
TABLE SHOWING GENDER OF THE RESPONDENT
Gender Frequency Percent

MALE 93 62.0

FEMALE 57 38.0

Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 2

70

60

50
Percentage

40

30

20

10

0
MALE FEMALE

Gender

INTERPRETATION

From the above table and chart, it shows that majority of respondents were male (62%) and
remaining 38% respondents were female.
 TABLE NO: 3
TABLE SHOWING EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENT

Educational Qualification Frequency Percent

High School 40 26.7
Higher Secondary 46 30.7
Graduate 27 18.0
Post Graduated 10 6.7
Diploma 27 18.0
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 3

35

30

25
Percentage

20

15

10

0
High School Higher Graduate Post Diploma
Secondary Graduated
Education Qualification

INTERPRETATION
From the above table and chart, it shows that majority of respondents have Higher
secondary level as educational qualification (30.7%). Then High school level (26.7%) and
the Graduate and Diploma have 18% and Post Graduation level is only 6.7%
 TABLE NO: 4
TABLE SHOWING EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENT

Experience Frequency Percent

BELOW 5 YEARS 76 50.7
6-10 YEARS 48 32.0
11-15 YEARS 9 6.0
ABOVE 15 YEARS 17 11.3
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 4
60

50

40
Percentage

30

20

10

0
BELOW 5 YEARS 6-10 YEARS 11-15 YEARS ABOVE 15 YEARS
Experience (Years)

INTERPRETATION
From the above table and chart, it shows the working experience of the respondent. 50.7%
people have Below 5 years of experience. Then 32% of people having 6-10 years
experience, above 15 years (11.3%) and only 6% of people having 11-15 years of working
experience.
 TABLE NO: 5
AWARENESS OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS HEALTH AND SAFETY
MEASURES ADOPTED IN THE COMPANY

Frequency Percent
YES 105 70.0
NO 45 30.0
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 5

80

70

60

50
Percentage

40

30

20

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart shows 70% of the respondents are aware about the health and
safety measures adopted in the company and remaining 30% are not.
 TABLE NO: 6
EFFECTIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR COMMUNICATING HEALTH AND
SAFETY ISSUES

Frequency Percent
YES 83 55.3
NO 67 44.7
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 6

60

50

40
Percentage

30

20

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION
From the above table and chart, 55.3% of respondents are supporting that they have an
effective arrangements for communicating Health and Safety issues happening in their
company. And rest of the 44.7% are not supporting.
 TABLE NO: 7

COMPANY PROVIDE MEDICAL FACILITIES TO THE WORKERS

Frequency Percent

YES 82 54.7

NO 68 45.3

Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 7

60

50

40
Percentage

30

20

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart shows, 54.7% of the respondents are saying that their
organizations providing medical facilities to their workers. And rest of them is not favor to
that decision (45.3%).
 TABLE NO: 8
HAVE YOU ATTENDED HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING IN THE
COMPANY
Frequency Percent
YES 88 58.7
NO 62 41.3
Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 8

70

60

50
Percentage

40

30

20

10

0
YES NO

INTERPRETATION
From the above table and chart, 58.7% of respondents are attended health and safety
training provided by their company. And 41.3% of respondents are not attended the
training provided by their company.
 TABLE NO: 9

FREQUENCY BETWEEN TRAINING OFFERED BY THE COMPANY

Frequency Percent

ONCE IN 3 YEARS 37 24.7

YEARLY 91 60.7

RARELY 22 14.7

Total 150 100.0

CHART NO: 9

70

60

50
Percentage

40

30

20

10

0
ONCE IN 3 YEARS YEARLY RARELY
Time

INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart shows, most of the companies providing yearly once (60.7%)
training to their employees. Once in three year (24.7%) and training provided rarely is
14.7%. Nobody from the respondent supported their company providing once in 5 year and
monthly training.
 TABLE NO: 10

MEAN SCORES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

SL. Statements
Mean Results
NO
1 WORK PLACE CLEANED 3.90 Agree
PROPERLY
2 PROPER WASTE 3.03 Neither
MANAGEMENT IS AVAILABLE Agree or
Disagree
3 THE WORKING 2.47 Disagree
TEMPERATURE IS
REASONABLE TO WORK

4 HAVE ENOUGH SPACE TO 3.83 Agree

WORK
5 LIGHTS ARE ARRANGED 3.37 Neither
PROPERLY Agree or
Disagree
6 DRINKING WATER FACILITY 4.28 Agree
AVAILABLE INSIDE THE
COMPANY

7 LATRINES, URINALS AND 3.56 Agree

SPITTOONS AVAILABLE
INSIDE THE COMPANY
8 MACHINES ARE ARRANGED 3.58 Agree
PROPERLY

9 MACHINES ARE 3.01 Neither

MAINTAINING PROPERLY Agree or
Disagree
10 COMPANY PROVIDING 2.41 Disagree
PERIODIC HEALTH CHECKUP
FOR WORKERS

11 COMPANY PROVIDING 3.00 Neutral

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR
WORKERS
 12 COMPANY HAVE GOOD 2.43 Disagree
SAFETY COMMITTEE
13 COMPANY PROVIDING 2.96 Neither
PERIODICAL SAFETY Agree or
INSPECTION Disagree
14 HAVE GOOD BUILDINGS AND 3.78 Agree
MAINTAINING PROPERLY

INTERPRETATION

The Above table shows the mean scores of the Health and Safety measures of the
Chemical Industry in Palakkad region. The Cleanliness of the work place, enough space to
work, drinking water facilities, toilet facilities, proper arrangements of machines and good
building maintains have more than 3.5 as the mean. So that mean these statements are
agree and available in the companies.

The working temperature, periodical health check up and good safety committee are
disagreed by the respondents. Waste management, proper lighting, maintenance of
machines and safety inspection are neither agreed or disagreed by the respondents. That
means these statements may be available or not in the companies.
 TABLE NO: 11

MEAN SCORES OF SATISFACTION

Statements
SL.NO Mean Results

Health and Safety measures taken in the Neither Satisfied

1 3.19
company or Dissatisfied

Neither Agree or
2 Performance by Safety Officers 3.06
Disagree

Role of management in implementing Health

3 2.22 Dissatisfied
and Safety

INTERPRETATION

From the above table showing that the satisfaction levels of some statements about Health
and Safety. The Health and Safety measures taken in the company and performance by
safety officers may be satisfied or dissatisfied by the respondents. The Role of
management in implementing Health and Safety is dissatisfied by the respondents.
 TABLE NO: 12

HYPOTHESIS TESTING: 1

Hypothesis
H0: There is no significance difference between Health measures and gender.
H1: There is a significance difference between Health measures and gender.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test Acceptanc
t-test for Equality of
for Equality e of null
Means (or)
of Variances
Sig. alternate
hypothesis
F Sig. T df (2-
tailed)
Equal
-
variances .044 .833 148 .257
1.138
WORK PLACE assumed
Accept
CLEANED Equal
H0
PROPERLY variances - 118.8
.257
not 1.139 21
assumed
Equal
PROPER variances .222 .639 -.922 148 .358
WASTE assumed
Accept
MANAGEME Equal
H0
NT IS variances 119.8
-.925 .357
AVAILABLE not 38
assumed

Equal
THE 1.56
variances .213 .910 148 .364
WORKING 3
assumed
TEMPERATU Accept
RE IS Equal H0
REASONABL variances 105.5
1.138 .258
E TO WORK not 34
assumed
HAVE Equal 12.7 Accept
.000 .990 148 .324
ENOUGH variances 21 H1
SPACE TO assumed
WORK Equal
variances 91.20
.916 .362
not 1
assumed
Equal
2.64 -
variances .106 148 .120
6 1.565
LIGHTS ARE assumed
Accept
ARRANGED Equal
H0
PROPERLY variances - 61.79
.208
not 1.272 1
assumed
Equal
DRINKING -
variances .104 .748 148 .020
WATER 2.348
assumed
FACILITY Accept
Equal
AVAILABLE H0
variances - 115.0
INSIDE THE .022
not 2.326 63
COMPANY
assumed
LATRINES, Equal
URINALS variances .120 .730 -.181 148 .856
AND assumed
Accept
SPITTOONS Equal
H0
AVAILABLE variances 113.2
-.179 .859
INSIDE THE not 82
COMPANY assumed

INTERPRETATION

From the above table is inferred that the Health measures named cleaned work place,
proper waste management, temperature of work place, light arrangements, drinking water
facilities and toilet facilities are not influencing by Gender. Only enough space to work is
influencing by Gender, so there is no significance difference between Health measures and
Gender.
 TABLE NO: 13

HYPOTHESIS TESTING: 2

Hypothesis- 1
H0: There is no significance difference between Safety measures and gender.
H1: There is a significance difference between Safety measures and gender.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's
Acceptan
Test for t-test for Equality of
ce of null
Equality of Means
(or)
Variances
alternate
Sig.
hypothesi
(2-
F Sig. t df s
taile
d)
Equal
.54
variances .364 -.257 148 .798
MACHINES 7
assumed
ARE Accept
Equal
ARRANGED H0
variances 122.9
PROPERLY -.260 .795
not 2
assumed
Equal
2.71 .10
variances -.109 148 .913
MACHINES 8 1
assumed
ARE Accept
Equal
MAINTAINING H0
variances 105.0
PROPERLY -.105 .916
not 7
assumed
Equal
COMPANY .99
variances .000 -.497 148 .620
PROVIDING 0
assumed
PERIODIC Accept
HEALTH Equal H0
CHECKUP FOR variances 116.7
-.494 .622
WORKERS not 8
assumed
COMPANY Equal
2.38 .12 - Accept
PROVIDING variances 148 .175
8 4 1.363 H0
SAFETY assumed
REQUIREMENT Equal
S FOR variances - 107.7
.188
WORKERS not 1.325 96
assumed
Equal
2.69 .10
variances .727 148 .469
COMPANY 0 3
assumed
HAVE GOOD Accept
Equal
SAFETY H0
variances 131.6
COMMITTEE .752 .453
not 12
assumed
Equal
.53
COMPANY variances .397 -.590 148 .556
0
PROVIDING assumed
Accept
PERIODICAL Equal
H0
SAFETY variances 107.0
-.572 .568
INSPECTION not 77
assumed
Equal
1.60 .20
HAVE GOOD variances .713 148 .477
6 7
BUILDINGS assumed
Accept
AND Equal
H0
MAINTAINING variances 122.8
.721 .472
PROPERLY not 59
assumed

INTERPRETATION:
From the above table is inferred that the each safety measures are not influencing by
gender. The maintenance of machines, periodical health check up for workers, machines
arrangements, provided safety requirements, safety committee, safety inspection and
proper building maintenance are not influencing by Gender.
 TABLE NO: 14
HYPOTHESIS TESTING: 3

Hypothesis- 1
H0: There is no significance difference between Health measures and Age.
H1: There is a significance difference between Health measures and Age.

ANOVA Acceptanc
e of null
Sum
Mean (or)
of
Df Squar F Sig. alternate
Squar
e hypothesis
es
Between
1.877 4 .469 .377 .825
Groups
WORK PLACE Within
CLEANED 180.6 145 1.246 Accept H0
Groups
PROPERLY
Total 182.5 149

PROPER Between
2.447 4 .612 .432 .786
WASTE Groups
MANAGEMEN Within Accept H0
205.4 145 1.417
T IS Groups
AVAILABLE Total 207.8 149
Between 38.61 1.99
THE WORKING 154.4 4 .099
Groups 3 1
TEMPERATUR Within 2812. 19.39
E IS 145 Accept H0
Groups 720 8
REASONABLE
2967.
TO WORK Total 149
173
Between
.895 4 .224 .200 .938
HAVE Groups
ENOUGH Within 162.2
145 1.119 Accept H0
SPACE TO Groups 78
WORK 163.1
Total 149
73
Between 24.72
LIGHTS ARE 4 6.181 .838 .503
Groups 5
ARRANGED Accept H0
Within 1070.
PROPERLY 145 7.380
Groups 108
 1094.
Total 149
833
DRINKING Between 1.12
5.373 4 1.343 .346
WATER Groups 7
FACILITY Within 172.8
145 1.192
AVAILABLE Groups 67 Accept H0
INSIDE THE 178.2
Total 149
COMPANY 40
LATRINES, Between
.833 4 .208 .259 .904
URINALS AND Groups
SPITTOONS Within 116.7
145 .805 Accept H0
AVAILABLE Groups 41
INSIDE THE 117.5
Total 149
COMPANY 73

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table is inferred that the Health measures are not influencing by Age of the
respondent. So there is no significance difference between Health measures and Age.
 TABLE NO: 15
HYPOTHESIS TESTING: 4

Hypothesis
H0: There is no significance difference between Safety measures and Age.
H1: There is a significance difference between Safety measures and Age.

ANOVA Acceptanc
Sum e of null
Mean (or)
of
Df Squar F Sig. alternate
Squar
e hypothesis
es
Between
1.729 4 .432 .444 .777
Groups
MACHINES ARE Within 141.1
ARRANGED 145 .973 Accept H0
Groups 05
PROPERLY
142.8
Total 149
33
Between
1.499 4 .375 .407 .803
Groups
MACHINES ARE Within 133.4
MAINTAINING 145 .921 Accept H0
Groups 94
PROPERLY
134.9
Total 149
93

COMPANY Between
3.344 4 .836 .748 .561
PROVIDING Groups
PERIODIC Within 162.1
145 1.118 Accept H0
HEALTH Groups 50
CHECKUP FOR 165.4
Total 149
WORKERS 93
COMPANY Between
2.708 4 .677 .685 .603
PROVIDING Groups
SAFETY Within 143.2
145 .988 Accept H0
REQUIREMENT Groups 92
S FOR 146.0
Total 149
WORKERS 00
COMPANY Between
2.095 4 .524 .666 .617
HAVE GOOD Groups Accept H0
SAFETY Within 114.0 145 .787
COMMITTEE Groups 98
116.1
Total 149
93
Between
COMPANY .503 4 .126 .141 .967
Groups
PROVIDING
Within 129.2
PERIODICAL 145 .891 Accept H0
Groups 57
SAFETY
129.7
INSPECTION Total 149
60
Between
HAVE GOOD .918 4 .230 .223 .925
Groups
BUILDINGS
Within 149.2
AND 145 1.029 Accept H0
Groups 22
MAINTAINING
150.1
PROPERLY Total 149
40

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that there is no significance difference between Safety measure and
Age. Because no one of the safety measures are not influencing by Age.
 TABLE NO: 16
HYPOTHESIS TESTING: 5

Hypothesis
H0: There is no significance difference between Health measures and Experience.
H1: There is a significance difference between Health measures and Experience.

ANOVA Acceptanc
e of null
Mean (or)
Sum of
Df Squa F Sig. alternate
Squares
re hypothesis
Between
3.548 3 1.183 .965 .411
Groups
WORK PLACE
CLEANED Within Accept H0
179.012 146 1.226
PROPERLY Groups

Total 182.560 149

Between
PROPER 1.595 3 .532 .376 .770
Groups
WASTE
MANAGEMEN Within Accept H0
206.298 146 1.413
T IS Groups
AVAILABLE Total 207.893 149
Between 50.13 2.59
THE WORKING 150.408 3 .055
Groups 6 9
TEMPERATUR Within 2816.76 19.29
E IS 146 Accept H0
Groups 6 3
REASONABLE
TO WORK 2967.17
Total 149
3
Between
.626 3 .209 .187 .905
HAVE Groups
ENOUGH Within
162.548 146 1.113 Accept H0
SPACE TO Groups
WORK
Total 163.173 149
LIGHTS ARE Between
17.674 3 5.891 .799 .497
ARRANGED Groups Accept H0
PROPERLY Within 1077.16 146 7.378
 Groups 0
1094.83
Total 149
3
DRINKING Between 2.89
10.006 3 3.335 .037
WATER Groups 5
FACILITY Within
168.234 146 1.152 Accept H1
AVAILABLE Groups
INSIDE THE
Total 178.240 149
COMPANY

LATRINES, Between
.300 3 .100 .125 .945
URINALS AND Groups
SPITTOONS Within
117.273 146 .803 Accept H0
AVAILABLE Groups
INSIDE THE
Total 117.573 149
COMPANY

INTERPRETATION:

The above table inferred that only drinking water facilities available inside the company is
influencing by Experience of the respondent. So there is no significance difference
between Health measures and Experience.
 TABLE NO: 17
HYPOTHESIS TESTING:

Hypothesis
H0: There is no significance difference between Safety measures and Experience
H1: There is a significance difference between Safety measures and Experience.

ANOVA Acceptanc
e of null
Sum Mea
(or)
of n
df F Sig. alternate
Squar Squ
hypothesis
es are
Between .93
2.685 3 .895 .427
Groups 2
MACHINES ARE
Within 140.1
ARRANGED 146 .960 Accept H0
Groups 49
PROPERLY
142.8
Total 149
33
Between .39
1.099 3 .366 .754
Groups 9
MACHINES ARE
Within 133.8
MAINTAINING 146 .917 Accept H0
Groups 94
PROPERLY
134.9
Total 149
93
COMPANY Between .70
2.373 3 .791 .549
PROVIDING Groups 8
PERIODIC Within 163.1 1.11
146 Accept H0
HEALTH Groups 21 7
CHECKUP FOR 165.4
Total 149
WORKERS 93
COMPANY Between .85
2.515 3 .838 .467
PROVIDING Groups 3
SAFETY Within 143.4
146 .983 Accept H0
REQUIREMENT Groups 85
S FOR 146.0
Total 149
WORKERS 00
COMPANY Between .68
1.605 3 .535 .565
HAVE GOOD Groups 2
Accept H0
SAFETY Within 114.5
146 .785
COMMITTEE Groups 88
 116.1
Total 149
93
Between .19
COMPANY .510 3 .170 .902
Groups 2
PROVIDING
Within 129.2
PERIODICAL 146 .885 Accept H0
Groups 50
SAFETY
129.7
INSPECTION Total 149
60
Between .77
HAVE GOOD 2.338 3 .779 .513
Groups 0
BUILDINGS
Within 147.8 1.01
AND 146 Accept H0
Groups 02 2
MAINTAINING
150.1
PROPERLY Total 149
40

INTERPRETATION:

The above table inferred that there is no significance difference between Safety measures
and Experience. The safety measures are not influencing by Experience of the respondent.
 CHAPTER: 4

RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS, & CONCLUSION

 4. FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

4.1 FINDINGS

 It is inferred that out of 150 samples, 68% of the respondents are male.

 It is inferred that about 27.3% of the respondents belong to the age group between
30-40 years.
 30.7% of the respondents have completed their Higher Secondary as qualification.

 50.7% of the respondents have below 5 years of experience.

 70% of the respondents are aware about the health and safety measures adopted in
the company.

 These three companies have effective arrangements for communicating health and
safety issues. 55.3% of respondents are supporting this.

 54.7% of the respondents are saying that their organizations providing medical
facilities to their workers.

 The companies are providing Health and Safety training for the employees. But
most of them are not attending these trainings.

 60.7% of the respondents supporting that their organization giving Health and
Safety training once in a year.

 In the case of Health measures companies giving more importance to cleanliness,

space to work, drinking water facilities and urinals...etc

 About Safety measures, the arrangements of machines and building maintenance

have more importance given by the chemical companies.

 Most of the companies don’t have good and effective safety committee.

 The maintenance of the machines, lightings and Safety inspections are depends
upon the company. Sometimes it may provide sometimes not.

 The companies don’t providing Periodical Health checkup for the workers.
 The respondents are satisfied with the Health and Safety measures taken in the
company.

 Satisfactory level of the respondents towards Performance by Safety Officers is

depends upon the safety officer of the organization. It may vary on the basis of the
company.

 The respondents are not satisfied with the Role of management in implementing
Health and Safety.

 The study inferred that there is no relationship between Health and Safety measures
with Gender.

 Another demographic variable, Age has no relationship with Health and Safety
Measures provided by the Companies.

 Experience of the respondents doesn’t influencing the Health and Safety measures
provided by the Company.
4.2 SUGGESTION

The chemical industry is very important and fastest growing sector in India. There
is lot of employment opportunities. But the employees whom working in these type of
companies have many problems. That may be mental and physical problems. Through this
study I understood something about the problems and measures taken for the Health and
Safety.
The companies should provide more Health and Safety training to the employees.
Give more attentions to the fresher. Company should try to give the training between six
months. That may leads to decrease the level of accidents happening inside the company.
Company should arrange some more posters and boards for the part of increasing
awareness of Health and Safety measures.
The companies should try to give periodical health checkup for the employees and
keep good contacts with a Hospital. And company needs proper maintenance of machines
and buildings. Good light arrangements, qualified safety officers and good safety
committee will helps the companies to reduce the frequency accidents happening in the
company.
4.3 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the Health and Safety of the employees are very important in the
chemical industries. It reveals that the awareness of the workers about health and safety in
the workplace is inadequate. Most of the companies are providing Health and Safety
measures but the employees are not willing to obey all rules and regulations adopted by the
company. This is the main reason for repeating the accidents and injuries in the work
place.
Suitable ideas were suggested to avoid those accidents and to improve the health
and safety measures. Most of the workers were satisfied with the health and safety
measures adopted in the company. If the company implements effective disciplinary
procedures; it will help the company to go with their policies and also to maintain health
and safety in the organization.
Through this research I understood the Health and Safety measures provided by the
chemical industries. And the satisfactory level of employees towards these measures.
 ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Sir/ Madam,

I am NIYAS KK, second year MBA student of Happy Valley Business
School, Coimbatore, as a part of Anna University curriculum; I am doing a project titled
“A STUDY ON HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES OF CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES WITH REFERENCE TO PALAKKAD REGION”. I kindly request you
to share your valuable time to furnish the details for successful completion of my project
work. And I ascertain that the details revealed is only for academic purpose and will not be
disclosed elsewhere.

Name of the Organization:

Age : Below 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 Above 50

Gender: Male Female

Education Qualification: High school higher Secondary Graduate

Post Graduate Diploma

Experience (in years): Below 5 6-10 11-15 Above 15

1. Are you aware of the health and safety measures adopted in the company?
Yes No
2. Do you have effective arrangements for communicating health and safety issues?
Yes No
3. Does the company provide medical facility to the workers?
Yes No
4. Have you attended any health and safety training in your company?
Yes No
5. How frequent training is offered in the company?
Once in 5 year once in 3 year yearly once
Monthly Rarely

HEALTH

Q.No PARAMETERS STRONGL AGRE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGL

Y E Y
AGREE DISAGREE

6 Work place
cleaned properly
7 Proper waste
management
available
 8 The working is
temperature is
reasonable to
work
9 Have enough
space to work
10 Lights arranged
properly
11 Drinking water
facilities
available inside
the company
12 Latrines, urinals
and spittoons are
available inside
the company

SAFETY

Q.N PARAMETER STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY

o S AGREE DISAGREE
13 Machines are
arranged
properly
14 Machines are
maintaining
properly
15 Company
providing
periodic health
checkup for the
workers
16 Company
providing
safety
requirements
for the workers
17 Company have
good safety
committee
18 Company
providing
periodical
safety
inspection
19 Have good
buildings and
maintaining
properly.
20. Satisfactory level of the health and safety measures taken in the company?
Highly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral
Satisfied Highly Satisfied

21. Satisfactory level of the performance by safety officers

Highly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral
Satisfied Highly Satisfied

22. The role of management in implementing health and safety?

Highly Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral
Satisfied Highly Satisfied

Thank you for your Time & Experience

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 K Aswathappa (2014); Human Resource Management (7th Edition); Mc

Graw Hill Education.

 C.S. Venkata Ratnam (2011); Industrial Relations (ISBN -13:978-0-

19567108-7); Oxford University Press.

 Jamie L. Callahan (March 2012); Human Resource Development (volume

11, Number 1); (ISBN: 1534-4843)

 Susan R. Madsen and Susan A. Lynham (May 2012); Advances in

Developing Human Resources (Volume 14, Number 2); (ISBN: 1523-4223)

 Emmanuel I. Akpan (2011); Effective Safety & Health Management Policy

for Improved Performance of Organization in Africa: International Journal of
Business & Management, Volume 6, No. 3, pp. 159-165.
 Collins Badu Agyemang, Joseph Gerald Nyanyofio & Gerald Dapaah
Gyamfi (2014); Job Stress, sector of work & shift work pattern as correlates
of worker health & safety: A study of Manufacturing company in Ghana :
International Journal of Business & Management, Volume 9, No. 7, pp. 59-
69.
 D.M. Yakubu & I. M. Bakri (2013); Evaluation of Safety & Health Performance on
construction sites: Journal of Management & Sustainability, Volume 3, No. 2, pp.
100-109.

WEBSITES

https://adhr.sagepub/safety/issues.com

https://hrd.sagepub/occupational/health.com

https://abhigroup/overview.in

https://goodbuy/products.in

https://corporatedir.com/palakkad-chlorate-and-allied-chemicals-private-limited