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Works Cited

Primary Sources

Government, U.S. "Panama Canal Treaty." World War I and the Jazz Age, Primary Source

Media, 1999. American Journey. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2164000206/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=e12d2d51.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source explained the Panama Treaties. It showed me the

treaties and was a government document. It helped me to understand how the treaties

impacted the government.

"The Hay-Herrán Treaty, January 1903." Hispanic American Almanac: A Reference Work on

Hispanics in the United States, edited by Sonia Benson, 3rd ed., Gale, 2003. Student

Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2128500275/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=8b8a4f25.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to understand the treaty from 1903. This

showed the beginning of Panama US diplomacy. It helped me to understand the treaty

and diplomacy.

"The 1903 U.S.-Panama Treaty." The Hispanic-American Experience, Primary Source Media,

1999. American Journey. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2159000239/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=f6ca7473.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source explained the Panama Treaty of 1903. It showed the

treaty from the perspective of the Spanish people. It helped me to have a better

understanding of the canal from both perspectives.

"1902 Message from President Theodore Roosevelt to the United States Congress (excerpts)."

DISCovering Multicultural America: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian


Americans, Native Americans, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2116305666/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=defc93e8.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source showed a letter from President Roosevelt to Panama.

It explained how the US wanted to build the Panama Canal. It helped me to understand

why the canal was built and how the US received permission.

"Panama Canal Treaty (excerpts)Treaty on the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the

Canal, October 1, 1979." DISCovering World History, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in

Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2105210068/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=4dd4d2f2.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source showed excerpts from the treaties. It showed what the

treaties entailed. It helped me to understand the Panama Canal treaties.

Secondary Sources

"After 85 Years of Control, the United States Officially Relinquishes the Panama Canal to

Panama, December 31, 1999." Historic World Events, Gale, 2004. Student Resources in

Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2359079903/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=2d812a38.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source explained to me what happened when the canal was

handed back over to Panama in 1999. It explained what the treaty of 1977 said and how

that was upheld in 1999. This source helped me to better understand the treaty.

"Building the Panama Canal." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer,

vol. 6, Gale, 2001. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2643450615/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=d6c27fb1.
Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to understand the building of the Panama

Canal. It showed me the difficulties in building the canal and the beginning conflicts

between the Panamanians and the United States. It also showed how the canal was built.

Carter, Jimmy. “Jimmy Carter: Address to the Nation on the Panama Canal Treaties - February

1, 1978.” The American Presidency Project, www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29995.

This source showed me what Jimmy Carter thought about the Panama Canal Treaties. It

shared his perspective on the issue and how he dealt with it. It helped me to understand

how and why he made efforts to resolve the issue.

Duroselle, J. B., and Ian J. Bickerton. "Treaties." Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy,

edited by Richard Dean Burns, et al., 2nd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002.

Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010308118/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=dedbf03e.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source showed me the treaties between the US and Panama.

It showed what the treaties did and the agreements between the two countries. It also

showed the flaws in the treaties, which caused more treaties to be written.

"The Good Neighbor Policy." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: War, Gale, 2009. Student

Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3048500129/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=cfcdf568.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to understand the Good Neighbor Policy.

It showed me the reasons for policy and the impact it had on Latin American countries. It

also helped me to better understand the Panama Canal conflict.

Harris, Laurie Lanzen. "Carter, Jimmy." Biography for Beginners Online. Lincoln Library Press,

2015. FactCite, www.factcite.com/biobegin/10110.html. This source explained the life of


Jimmy Carter. It taught me about his political views and his thoughts on the Panama

Canal. It helped me to better understand his reasons for solving the issue in Panama.

History.com Staff. “Panama Canal.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2015,

www.history.com/topics/panama-canal. This source showed me what the Panama Canal

was. It also showed me the issues and diplomacy between Panama and the US. It helped

me to understand the entire Panama Canal conflict.

History.com Staff. “Jimmy Carter.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009,

www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/jimmy-carter. This source explained the life of

Jimmy Carter. It showed me his presidency. THis source helped me to understand his

views and why he chose to solve the issue.

Langmead, Donald. "Panama Canal." World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2018,

worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/310865. Accessed 5 Mar. 2018. This source

helped me to understand the Panama Canal's history. It showed me the history and how it

was built. It also helped me to understand the diplomatic issues between the United States

and Panama.

"Panama." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, edited by Timothy L. Gall, et al., 6th

ed., UXL, 2012. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2171600014/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=3c2c5169.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to understand the history of Panama as a

country. It also showed me how the Panamanians felt about the Canal and the history of

their people.

"Panama Canal." American History Online. Lincoln Library Press, 2012. FactCite,

www.factcite.com/useh/4002137.html. This source showed me the history of the Panama


Canal. It showed me how it was built and the policies of it. It also showed me the

conflicts between Panama and the United States

"The Panama Canal." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: War, Gale, 2009. Student Resources in

Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3048500130/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=0c639c2a.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source explained the Panama Canal from beginning to

current day. It showed the building process and conflicts between many countries. It

helped me to understand the conflicts of the Panama Canal.

“The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties.” U.S. Department of State, U.S.

Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal. This source

showed me what happened in the treaties. It explained what the treaties entailed. It helped

me to understand the Panama Canal treaties.

"Panama Canal Treaty." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson

and Mary Bonk, Gale, 1999. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ1667500512/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=7f6c429e.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to understand the Panama Canal treaties. It

showed me the treaties throughout the years and what each one promised each country. It

also helped me to understand what the treaties did for each country and how issues kept

showing up between the two countries.

"Theodore Roosevelt." World History: The Modern Era, ABC-CLIO, 2018, worldhistory.abc-

clio.com/Search/Display/318201. Accessed 5 Mar. 2018. This source helped me to

understand the life of Theodore Roosevelt. It showed his view on politics, which helped

me to understand the politics while the US was trying to solve problems in Panama.
"Timeline of Popular Culture Events, 1900s." Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas, ABC-

CLIO, 2018, popculture.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1510672. Accessed 5 Mar. 2018.

This source showed me a timeline of major events. This helped me to understand the time

that the Panama Canal was built and negotiated over. It gave me a better understanding of

the time the events took place.

"U.S. Relations with Spanish America: The Building of the Panamanian Canal." DISCovering

Multicultural America: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans,

Native Americans, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ2116207536/SUIC?u=vill8782&xid=ab1c2a79.

Accessed 6 Mar. 2018. This source showed me how the Panama Canal was built. It also

explained how the United States gained control to build the Panama Canal. It helped me

to understand the struggles of building the canal.

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