GeoMotions Suite Tutorial PDF

GeoMotions Suite
A Suite of Computer
Programs for the 1-D
Analysis of Geotechnical
Earthquake Engineering
Problems
Quick Tutorial
Layer 2 - DS-1 Site
Time: 40.96 (sec)
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
Norm. Shear Stress

0.10
Neven Matasović
0.05
0.00
-0.05
Gustavo A. Ordóñez
-0.10
-0.15
-0.20
-0.25
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
Shear Strain (%)
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
-0.025 -0.02 -0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025
GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 1

Copyright© 2009 GeoMotions, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of GeoMotions LLC.

GeoMotions Suite
A Suite of Computer Programs for the 1-D Analysis
of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Problems
Quick Tutorial
By
Neven Matasović
Gustavo A. Ordóñez
GeoMotions, LLC
October 2009

Terms and Conditions for Licensing the Software
YOU SHOULD READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SOFTWARE.
INSTALLATION OF THE SOFTWARE INTO YOUR COMPUTER INDICATES YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND
CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THEM, YOU SHOULD RETURN THE PACKAGE PROMPTLY AND YOUR MONEY
WILL BE REFUNDED. These programs are provided by the authors. Title to the media on which the software is recorded and to the
documentation in support thereof is transferred to the customer, but title to the software is retained by the authors. You assume responsibility for
the selection of the software to achieve your intended results and for the installation of the software, the use of and the results obtained from the
software.
License
• You may use the software on only one machine at any one time.
• You may copy the software for back up only in support of such use.
• You may not use, copy, modify, or transfer the software, or any copy, in whole or part, except as expressly provided in this document.
• You may not sell, sub-license, rent, or lease this software.
• Although the software was tested, you are solely responsible for using and interpreting the results obtained from execution of the software.
• When first using the software, you should compare the results from the software with manual calculations and/or results from other
computer software to verify the reliability of the program.
• The sotware is not teaching tools for one-dimensional dynamic analysis.
• The authors do not guarantee nor imply the accuracy or reliability of this software or related documentation. As such, they cannot be held
responsible for incorrect results or damages resulting from the use of this software. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the
usefulness and technical accuracy of this software in his/her own environment.
• This software was not developed as a network application. Thus, it should not be installed on a Network Server.
Terms
The license is effective until terminated. You may terminate it any time by destroying the software together with any back-up copies. It will also
terminate if you fail to comply with any term or condition of this agreement. You agree upon such termination to destroy the software together
with any back-up copies, modifications, and/or merged portions in any form.
Warranty
The authors will correct any errors in the code at no charge after the purchase date of the software. Notification of a suspected error must be
made in writing, with a complete listing of the input and output files and description of the error. If, in the judgment of the authors, the code does
contain an error, the authors will (at their option) correct or replace the copy at no cost to the user or refund the initial purchase price of the
software. These warranties are exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, whether expressed or implied, including the implied warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. No oral or written information or advice given by the authors, distributors,
dealers or agents shall increase the scope of the above warranties or create any new warranties. Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied
warranties, so the above exclusion may not apply to you. In that event, any implied warranties are limited in duration to ninety (90) days from
the date of delivery of the software. This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have rights, which vary from state to state.
Limitation of Liability
The software is a complex program which requires engineering expertise to use correctly. The authors assume absolutely no responsibility for the
correct use of this software. All results obtained should be carefully examined by an experienced professional engineer to determine if they are
reasonable and accurate. Although the authors have endeavored to make the software error free, the program is not and cannot be certified as
infallible. Therefore, the authors make no warranty, either implicit or explicit, as to the correct performance or accuracy of this software. In no
event shall the authors be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damage in connection with or arising out of
purchase or use of this software. The sole and exclusive liability to the authors, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase
price of this software.
Support
The authors will provide telephone or electronic mail support, at no charge, to assist the licensee in the installation of the software on his or her
computer system. Additionally, general assistance may be provided in aiding the licensee in understanding the capabilities of the various features
of the software. However, no-cost assistance is not provided for help in applying the software to specific user-defined problems. In all instances,
the user is encouraged to send the problem description and/or data files to the authors by electronic mail in order to minimize the amount of time
spent trying to define the problem and/or to provide help with a problem.
Copyright Notice
The software and accompanying manual are copyrighted with all rights reserved by the authors, respectively. Under United States Copyright
Laws, the software and its accompanying documentation may not be copied, in whole or in part, except to make a backup copy for archival
purpose only. Any other copying, selling or otherwise distributing this software is hereby expressly forbidden. All products and brand names are
trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Export Law Assurances

You agree that the software will not be shipped, transferred or exported directly, into any country prohibited by the United States Export
Administration Act and the regulations there under nor will be used for any purpose prohibited by the Act.
If you do not agree to these terms and conditions, please return the full product with proof of purchase within 30 days for a full refund, minus
shipping and handling costs.

GeoMotions Suite
Quick Tutorial

Contents
Example Description..................................................................................................................... 9
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial ...................................................................................................... 11
D-MOD2000 Quick Tutorial .................................................................................................... 129
RspMatchEDT Quick Tutorial ................................................................................................ 193
Newmark Displacement Analysis – Quick Tutorial .............................................................. 229

Example Description
This tutorial is intended to guide you through most of the functions in the GeoMotions Suite
computer programs. Additional information can be obtained by using the Help command button
on each form.
Please note that this tutorial is not intended as a teaching tool for 1-D dynamic analysis, i.e.
it is assumed that the user is familiar with the theoretical background of the analytical tools
included with GeoMotions Suite. The tutorial uses English units for convenience.
In this tutorial, we will use GeoMotions Suite to perform the site response analysis for the
example depicted in the following figure. As part of this analysis, we will try to cover as many
of the features of GeoMotions Suite as possible.
SHAKE is a computer program which employs an equivalent linear total stress analysis to
compute the response of a horizontally layered visco-elastic system subjected to vertically
propagating shear waves. As such, the program was intended to model level ground by using a
one-dimensional (i.e. 1-D) representation of the soil profile, herein known as a SHAKE Column.
However, several researches and practitioners have demonstrated that SHAKE can be also used
for the approximate analysis of 2-D structures such as dams. In this tutorial, we will use the
SHAKE results to perform a Newmark displacement analysis of the failure surface depicted in
the figure above.
Other data or information used in this example is provided in the appropriate sections of this
tutorial.

10/26/2009
SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial
by:
GeoMotions, LLC
Lacey, Washington
October 2009
Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 1 www.GeoMotions.com
Seismic Hazard Analysis
The process by which design ground motion parameters are

established for a seismic analysis.
In general, a SHA can be classified as either deterministic

(DSHA) or probabilistic (PSHA) depending on the approach
taken.
GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 11

1
10/26/2009
Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis
A DSHA is used …. “to evaluate the magnitude of ground

motion parameters (usually peak ground acceleration and
acceleration response
p spectra)
p ) at a specific
p site from all the
capable seismic sources with the potential for generating
strong ground motions at the site” (FHWA, 1997). In
general, DSHA involves 4 basic steps:
1. Identification of sources;
2. Determination of the controlling earthquake for
each source;
3. Selection of a ground motion relationship; and,
4. Computation of the design ground motion
parameter.
FHWA (1997). Geotechnical Engineering Circular #3, Design Guidance: Geotechnical Earthquake
Engineering for Highways, Volume I – Design Principles. Federal Highway Administration, U.S.
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, May 1997.
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Analysis using

GeoMotions Software Suite
Problem definition (research, data PSHA: SEISRISK III
collection, soils exploration, etc.) USGS Maps
Develop input data for analysis:

• SHAKE / D-MOD_2 column
Selection of earthquake ground motion:
• Material properties (G/Gmax and β vs. γ
• USGS Seismic hazard data
curves, τmo, k, γsat, γwet, Er, etc.)
• Attenuation Relationships
• Estimation of material parameters Random Generation
• Ground motion records conversion
based on field and/or laboratory data of Input Data
• Matching of response spectrum
• Creation of input file for analysis phase
• Mean Response Spectrum
• Semi-automated selection of records
Ratio of Response
Analysis results/Design data: Analysis phase (SHAKE, D-MOD_2) Spectrum Analysis
• Peak acceleration, Shear Stress
• Response spectra
• Acceleration & Shear
Stress/Strain time histories Liquefaction analysis:
• Pore Water Pressure • Soil Liquefaction
• Degradation Index (clay) • CSR based on shear stresses
• Stress-Strain loops from SHAKE or from simplified
Seed & Idriss equation SHAKE2000 Features
• CRR from SPT, BPT, Vs or CPT
D-MOD2000 Features
Displacement analysis: RspMatchEDT Features
• Newmark Method
• Makdisi & Seed SHAKE2000 & D-MOD2000
• Liquefaction-induced Earthquake induced settlement analysis:
lateral spreading Tokimatsu & Seed, Ishihara & Yoshimine,
SHAKE2000, D-MOD2000 &
• Bray & Travasarou Wu, Zhang et al.
RspMatchEDT
Graphical and/or tabular representation of results

2
10/26/2009
Site-Specific
Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response
1. Define the subsurface conditions at the site.

2. Define the significant structures and seismogenic source
zones in the region that may affect the site.
3. Determine the peak “rock” accelerations at the site
corresponding to the different earthquake sources.
4. Develop a target response spectrum for each source
mechanism.
5. Select representative time histories of ground motion
from similar tectonic environments that would
approximately match the target response spectrum.
6. Conduct the seismic site-response analysis (i.e. evaluate
the influence of local site conditions on seismic ground
motions).
Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response
Rock Outcropping
Motion
Response
p Spectra
p
1.6
Surface Response Spectra Acceleration Time
1.4
1.2
History
Pseudo-Spectral Acceleratio
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Site
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Attenuation Relationship Shear Stress/Strain

(PGA – Sa, target) Time History
SHAKE
Magnitude (M),
Distance (R) Bedrock Motion

3
10/26/2009
Sit S
Site-Specific
ifi AAnalysis
l i - Step
St 1
Define the subsurface conditions at the site
Sample Problem
Depth Vs (ft/sec)
10’ 573
Fill, Sand & Gravel
γ = 125 pcf
758
25’
Silty to Fine Sand, trace organics

656
40’ γ = 100 pcf; 12% Fines
Silty Clay, Medium Stiff, PI = 35

802
50’ γ = 110 pcf; Su = 1100 psf
Silt to
Silty t Fine
Fi Sand,
S d trace
t gravell
791
65’ γ = 120 pcf; 35% Fines
Coarse Sand & Gravel

872 γ = 125 pcf
80’
2500 Halfspace - γ = 145 pcf

4
10/26/2009
Sample Problem
No. 1 No. 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 No. 3
4
5 5 1 No. 4
6 6 2 1
7 7 3 2
3
8 8 4
9 9 5 4
5
10 10 6
6
11 11 7
12 12 8 7
9 8
13 13
14 14 10 9
15 15 11 10
16 11
16 12
17 17 13 12
Site-Specific Analysis - Step 2
Define the significant structures and seismogenic

source zones in the region that may affect the site

5
10/26/2009
Sample Problem Location

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/qfaults
Site
Sample Problem Location
Site

6
10/26/2009

Deterministic
Source M Distance
(km)
Seattle Fault (thrust) 7.2 53

Random Crustal (thrust) 6.5 15
Southern Whidbey Island (thrust) 7.2 15
Subduction-Intra-slab 7.5 70
Subduction-Interface 8.5 90
Seismic Hazard Disaggregation

http://eqint.cr.usgs.gov/deaggint/2008/index.php
1. Enter “Marysville”
for Site Name
3. Enter “-122.17”
for Longitude
2. Enter “48.05”
for Latitude
4. Click on
“Compute”

7
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“TXT”

1. Scroll
down
Mode: Mw 6.6 @ 15.4 km - ε: 1 to 2 σ
Individual Fault Information

8
10/26/2009

1. Select “File” and

then “Save As…”
1. Switch folders until you change to

“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\USGS”
2. Save as “Text File 3. Click on

(*.txt)” “Save”

9
10/26/2009

1. Click to
close

Probabilistic – USGS 2% in 50 years
Frequency M Distance
(km)
PGA:
Mode (2002) 6.2 8
Mode (2008) 6.6 15.4
0.2 sec:
Mode (2002) 6.2 7.9
Mode (2008) 66
6.6 15 1
15.1
1 sec:
Mode (2002) 7.2 14.8
Mode (2008) 9.0 130.4

10
10/26/2009
SHAKE2000
Double-click on the
SHAKE2000 icon
SHAKE2000
1. Click on the “Help”

command button

11
10/26/2009
SHAKE2000 Help
1. Click to close
the help screen
SHAKE2000
Options to create or to edit

an existing database file

12
10/26/2009
SHAKE2000
Options to process the

two SHAKE output files
SHAKE2000
Options to graphically
display the results from
the SHAKE analysis, and
other input information

13
10/26/2009
SHAKE2000
Other analyses
and utilities
options
SHAKE2000
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “USGS Seismic

Hazard” to select it

14
10/26/2009
Seismogenic Source Zones

2. Enter “10”
1. Enter “122”
for minutes
for degrees
4. Enter “3” for

3. Enter minutes
“48” for
degrees
PGA, SS and S1 with 2%
in 50 years probability of
exceedance
5. Click on “2008”
6. Click on “Open
Folder” icon


“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\USGS”
2. Click on the
“Marysville_PGA_2008.txt”
file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

15
10/26/2009

1. Click
on “Plot”

The distance, magnitude 2. Click on

and hazard contribution “Close”
1. Click on the
are displayed symbol for the
tallest column

16
10/26/2009

PSH Deaggregation - Marysville (122.170° W , 48.050° N) - USGS 2008
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0 km
50 km
10
100 km 9
E p silon In terva l: All E p s
8
X: Source to Site D istance (km ) 150 km 7
Y: % C o n trib u tio n to H aza rd 6
200 km 5
Z : M agnitude (M w )
PGA = .468 g for 2475 years - Mean Hazard w/all GMPEs

2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Epsilon Interval”

and select “Highest Eps”

17
10/26/2009

2. Click on
The distance, magnitude “Close”
and hazard contribution
are displayed
1. Click on the
symbol for the
tallest column

1. Click on
“Close”

18
10/26/2009
Sit S
Site-Specific
ifi AAnalysis
l i - Step
St 3
Determine the peak “rock” accelerations at the site

corresponding to the different earthquake sources
Peak Rock Accelerations at Site

& Ground Motion Duration
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Ground
Motion Attenuation
Relations” to select it

19
10/26/2009
Information on Faults and Attenuation Relations

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1128/
Attenuation Relations
for crustal faults in PNW
Information on Faults and Attenuation Relations

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1128/
Fault Information

20
10/26/2009
Peak Rock Acceleration at Site
2. Enter “6.6”
for Magnitude
3. Enter
“60” for Dip
4. Click on
“M+1 Sigma”
5. Enter “1”
for Ztor
6. Enter “0.04”
for Z1.0
7. Enter “17”
7 17
1. Click on for Width
“BA08 NGA”,
“CB08 NGA”,
and “CY08 NGA”
3. Click on
“Rjb”
1. Click on
“Reverse”
2. Click on “Chiou
& Youngs”

21
10/26/2009
Vertical Faults – Distance Measures

(Abrahamson & Shedlock, 1997)
rjb
rjb = closest horizontal distance to the
rrup vertical projection of the rupture, e.g. Boore
et al. (1997)
Seismogenic
depth rseis rrup = closest distance to the rupture
surface, e.g. Abrahamson & Silva (1997)
rseis = closest distance to the seismogenic
rhypo rupture surface, e.g. Campbell (1997)
Hypocenter
rhypo = hypocentral
yp distance,, Atkinson
& Boore (1997)
Seismogenic depth is the depth to the top
orogenic part of the crust.
Abrahamson, N.A. and Shedlock, K.M. (1997). Overview. Seismological Research Letters, Volume
68, No. 1, January/February 1997.
NGA - Fault Geometry and Distance Measures

(NGA Models Version 2 - Excel Spreadsheet)

22
10/26/2009
Short Course Example Fault Geometry
Rjb = 0
Rrup
Ztor = 1 km Rrup
Dip = 60°
Rrup
NTS
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on
“Rjb - Rx”

23
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Plot”
Median + 1 Sigma PGA

at Rrup of 15 km 2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
symbol for
15 km

24
10/26/2009
Ground Motion Duration
5. Click
on “Plot”
2. Click on “M±Sigma
4. Click on K&S
2006 Near Fault
1. Click on
“BA08 NGA”,
“CB08 NGA”,
and “CY08 NGA”
to de-select 3. Click on
them “K&S 2006”
Ground Motion Duration
1. Click on
“Close”
17
11

25
10/26/2009
Sit S
Site-Specific
ifi AAnalysis
l i - Step
St 4
Develop a target response spectrum for each source

mechanism
Develop Target Response Spectrum
3. Enter
“8.7” for rjb
2. Enter “15.4”
for distance 4. Enter “17.2”
for Rx
5. Click on
“M+”
1. Click on
“BA08 NGA”,
“CB08 NGA”,
6. Click on “K&S
and “CY08
2006” to de-select it
NGA” to
select them

26
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“GeoMean”
1. Click on
“Acceleration
Spectrum”
4. Click on “Chiou
& Youngs”
3. Click on “Save 5. Click on open

Attenuation Data” folder icon
Save Target Response Spectrum

(*.txt & *.csv files)

“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\Quakes”
2. Click on the “attenuate.txt”

file to select it
3. Click on
“Save”

27
10/26/2009
1. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on
“Close”
Close

28
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Return”
Sit S
Site-Specific
ifi AAnalysis
l i - Step
St 5
Select representative time histories of ground motion

from similar tectonic environments that would
approximately match the target response spectrum

29
10/26/2009
Selection of Acceleration Time Histories
Using attenuation relationships, obtain a target, rock

acceleration response spectrum for each seismic event.
S l t7
Select 7-10
10 acceleration
l ti time
ti histories
hi t i that
th t approximate
i t
characteristics of target spectrum.
Bommer, Julian J. and Ana Beatriz Acevedo (2004). The

Use of Real Earthquake Accelerograms as Input to Dynamic
Analysis. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Volume 8,
Special Issue 1, pp. 43-91.
http://www roseschool it/docs/Dissertation2003-

http://www.roseschool.it/docs/Dissertation2003
Acevedo.pdf
Rock Motions for Input to Site Response Analyses

Deterministic
1. Identify governing seismic sources and assign M and

estimate R for each key scenario.
scenario
2. Find group of recorded “rock” motions from similar

tectonic environment, fault type, magnitude & distance
for each key scenario.
3. Check PGA, of these recorded “rock” motions against

estimated values for each key scenario based on
appropriate M and R, and keep those records that are
reasonable
reasonable.
Bray, J. (2006). UC Berkeley Class Notes

30
10/26/2009
Rock Motions for Input to Site Response Analyses

Deterministic
4. Plot acceleration response spectrum for each record

and compare to Target Acceleration Response
Spectrum for that scenario.
scenario
5. If necessary, adjust recorded acceleration-time

histories by multiplying each acceleration value by a
constant to achieve a better comparison with the
Target Spectrum; note that average of spectra should
“match” target not each one individually.
6. Optimally, select design suite of 3 to 7 acceleration-

time histories for project that best captures the likely
range of “rock” ground motions for the key scenarios.
Check velocity and displacement-time histories as well.
Bray, J. (2006). UC Berkeley Class Notes

http://peer.berkeley.edu/nga/search.html
1. Enter “6.1” to “7.1” 2. Enter “5” to

for Magnitude “25”
25 for Distance
3. Click on “All
4. Enter “360” to Distances”
“1500” for VS30
4. Enter “0.10” to
“0.60” for PGA

31
10/26/2009

1. Select “Any
Location”
3. Click on
“Search”
2. Select
“In Table”

1. Click on
“NGA0033”
G 0033

32
10/26/2009

1. Scroll down to
show bottom of page
3. Click on “Save
Target As….”
2. Right click on
“PARKF/TMB205”

2. Save as “.AT2 3. Click on

Document” “Save”

33
10/26/2009

1. Click to close

Convert to SHAKE Format & Ground Motion Parameters
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Ground
Ground
Motion File Utilities”

34
10/26/2009

Convert to SHAKE Format
1. Click on
“Open”


2. Select the
“STG000.AT2” file 3. Click on
“Open”

35
10/26/2009

3. Click on
“GMP”
2. Click on
“Convert”
1. Click on the
down arrow
and scroll
down to select
“PEER AT2”

Ground Motion Parameters
1. Click on
“Response
Spectrum”

36
10/26/2009

2. Click
on Icon
1. Click on
“Target”


2. Select the
“attenuate.tgt” file
3. Click on
“Open”

37
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Close”

1. Click on
“Close”

38
10/26/2009
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Object Motion

- Scaling” to select it
2.5
Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g's)
2.0
From the catalog of recorded
ground motion records available,
1.5
select and scale a design suite of
3 to 7 acceleration-time histories
1.0 to fit the target response
spectrum.
0.5
Tl Tu
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

39
10/26/2009
2.0
2.5
Selection of motions can be
done th
through
o gh extensive
e tensi e trials
t ials of
Pseudo-Absolute Acceleration (g's)

combinations by hand; or, by 2.0
1.5
using a semi-automated process
(Rathje & Kottke, 2007). 1.5
1.0
“…. judgment and experience 1.0
cannot be captured in an
algorithm.” (Kottke & Rathje,
0.5
0.5
2008).
Tl Tu
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Ellen M. Rathje and Albert R. Kottke (2007). Procedures for Selection and Scaling of Earthquake Motions for Dynamic Response Analysis. U.S.-
Italy Seismic Bridge Workshop, European Center for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE), Pavia, Italy. April 19-20,
2007.
Albert Kottke and Ellen M. Rathje (2008). A Semi-Automated Procedure for Selection and Scaling of Recorded Earthquake Motions for Dynamic
Analysis. Submitted for Publication in Earthquake Spectra.
Modify a ground motion to match the target spectrum

RspMatch, RspMatch2005
1.5 1.5
Spectral Acceleration (g)
1.0 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec) Period (sec)

40
10/26/2009
Modify Ground Motion to Match a Target Response Spectrum
Deconvolution/convolution using 1.5

these spectrally matched
motions with SHAKE … yielded
questionable results … the

modified motion had long 1.0
period spectral accelerations

that were excessive. (Bartlett,
2004). 0.5
…. spectrally matching “flat

topped” building code spectrum
… and subsequently using it in
the ground response analysis
0.0
0.01 0.1 1 10
may produce unreasonable Period (sec)
results. (Bartlett, 2004).

Steven F. Bartlett (2004). Ground Response Analyses and Design Spectra for UDOT Bridges on Soft Soil Sites. Utah
Department of Transportation, Research Division Report, January 8, 2004, 195 p.
1. Click on
“Scale”

41
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Other”
3. Click
o “Ok”
on O
2. Select all
*.at2 files
1. Switch to
folder

42
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“Target”
1. Click on
“User’s”
Select Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on
1
“Open”

43
10/26/2009
Open Target Response Spectrum File

2. Click on the “attenuate.tgt”

file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”
Select Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on
“Ok”

44
10/26/2009
Execute sigmaSpectra
1. Click on icon to
execute sigmaSpectra
Selection of Acceleration Time Histories with

sigmaSpectra
1. Click on
“Select Path”

45
10/26/2009

sigmaSpectra

“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse”
2. Click on
“Quakes”
3. Click on
“Choose”

Use Excel to Retrieve Target Spectrum Data
1. Click on
Open File icon

46
10/26/2009

3. Select the
“attenuate.csv” file
4. Click on
“Open”
2. Scroll down and
select “Text Files”

Use Excel to Retrieve Target Spectrum Data
2. Click on
“Copy” icon
1. Select all
values for Period
and Sa

47
10/26/2009

sigmaSpectra
3. Click on
“Paste”
2. Click
2
on “Edit”
1. Click on
data window

sigmaSpectra
Review these settings
1. Click on
“Compute”

48
10/26/2009

sigmaSpectra
1. Click on check
boxes to select
each suite
2. Click on
“Export Suites”
Save Suites to SHAKE2000 Suite File
1. Click on “SHAKE2000
suite file”
2. Click on
“Path”

49
10/26/2009

Select Path to Save SHAKE2000 Suite File

2. Click on
“Quakes”
3. Click on
“Choose”
Save Suites to SHAKE2000 Suite File
1. Click on
“Ok”

50
10/26/2009

sigmaSpectra
1. Click on
“Close”

Compare to Target Response Spectrum
1. Click on open folder icon to

open sigmaSpectra suite file

51
10/26/2009
Selection of SHAKE2000 Suite File

2. Select the
“suitelog.txt” file
3. Click on
“Open”

2. Click on
“Scale”
4. Click
on “Plot”
3. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on down arrow

and select set 3 of 10

52
10/26/2009

Compare Median to Target Response Spectrum
2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Ground Motions”

Save Chosen Motions to SHAKE2000 EDT File
1. Click on
“Export”

53
10/26/2009

3. Click on
2. Enter
“Save”
“ShortCourse.edt”

1 Click on
1.
“Yes”

54
10/26/2009

1 Click on
1.
“Ok”
1. Click on
“Close”

55
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
Sit S
Site-Specific
ifi AAnalysis
l i - Step
St 6
Use SHAKE to conduct the site-response analysis

56
10/26/2009
Site Specific Response Analysis
2. Click on
“Get File”
1. Click on
“Edit Existing
EDT File”
Open Existing SHAKE2000 EDT File

2. Select the
“ShortCourse.edt” file
3. Click on
“Open”

57
10/26/2009
1. Click
on “Ok”
SHAKE Column Options
Option Input Analysis Description

1 x Dynamic Soil Properties
2 x Soil Profile
3 x Input (Object) Motion
4 x Assignment of Object Motion
5 x No. Iterations & Strain Ratio
6 x PGA & Time Histories
7 x Stress & Strain Time Histories
9 x Response Spectra
10 x Amplification Spectra
11 x Fourier Spectra

58
10/26/2009

SHAKE Column Options
Surface Response Spectra
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Soil Layer 1 Option 6

Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Option 7
Soil Type, H, β,
max
γtotal, Gmax or Vs
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
G
3
( 3 ) Option 10
Option
p 1 Option 2
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Soil Layer n-1
Option 5
Soil Layer n
Halfspace Layer
Option 4
Option 3 Option 11
EDT and Input Data Files
An EDT file is a database file that stores the data for the
different SHAKE options.
options These options are used by
SHAKE2000 to create an input file.
A maximum of 32,000 options can be saved in the EDT file.
The options are saved sequentially.
Files used in SHAKE91 can be read as EDT files.
Listing of options used in the input file are saved in the EDT
file.
The input file stores the different options that will be executed
by SHAKE.

59
10/26/2009
SHAKE2000 EDT & Input Files
EDT File Input File

Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain
Option 2 – Column No
No. 1 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Option 2 – Column No. 3 Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21
Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 5 – Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65
Option 3 – Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 6 – Layers 1-15 – Column 1
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21 Option 6 – Layers 16-21 – Column 1
Option 4 – Column No. 3 – Layer 13 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 5 – Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
Option 6 – Layers 1-15 – Column 1 Option 10 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1
Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 7 – Layer 3 – Column 3
Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
SHAKE Analyses
EDT File Input File

Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain Option 1 – G/Gmax & Damping vs. Strain
Option 2 – Column No. 1 Analysis No
No. 1 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Option 2 – Column No. 3 Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21
Option 3 – Input Motion: LomaPrieta.eq
Option 3 – Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21 Option 6 – Layers 16-21 – Column 1
Option 4 – Column No. 3 – Layer 13 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 5 – Iterations: 10 – Ratio: 0.65 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
Option 6 – Layers 1-13 – Column 3 Option 2 – Column No. 1
Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column
Analysis
1 No. 2 Option 3 – Input Motion: ChiChi.eq
Option 7 – Layer 3 – Column 3 Option 4 – Column No. 1 - Layer 21
Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping
Option 10 – Layers 13-1 – Column 3 Option 7 – Layer 4 – Column 1
Option 11 – Layers 21-1 – Column 1 Option 9 – Surface – 5% Damping

60
10/26/2009
SHAKE Analyses
Peak Acceleration (g) Column No. 1 - Layer 1

Analysis No. 1
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.5
0
-20

1.0
Depth (ft)
-40
-60
0.5
-80
0.0
-100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Column No. 1 Period (sec)

Analysis No. 2

Create SHAKE Options
1. Click on
“Edit”
Options
included in
EDT File

61
10/26/2009

SHAKE Column Option 1
Soil Type 1: SAND

1.0
Shear Modulus Reduction Curves
Ground Level
0.8
L
Layer No.
N 1
Modulus Reduction (G/Gmax)
Layer No. 2
0.6
0.4
Layer No. 3
Soil Type j: CLAY
0.2
Soil Stratum 2
1.0
0.0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Shear Strain (%)

0.8

Layer No. i 0.6
0.4
Option 1: assign a Layer No. i+1 0.2
soil type and 0.0
corresponding
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Shear Strain (%)
y
dynamic material
Soil Type n: ROCK
properties to each
Soil Stratum 1.0
Soil Stratum n 0.8

0.6
Half-Space Layer 0.4
0.2
0.0
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Shear Strain (%)

Create Input Data - Option 1: Dynamic Material Properties
1. Click on
“MAT”

62
10/26/2009

3. Click
on “Add”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on
“Sand Avg…”

Mat. Description
2 Sand S1 G/Gmax - S1 (SAND CP<1
CP<1.0
0 KSC) 3/11
1988
3 Soil PI=30 G/Gmax - Soil with PI=30, OCR=1-15

(Vucetic & Dobry, JGE 1/91)
4 EPRI 51-120' G/Gmax Deep Cohesionless Soils -

Depth 51
51-120
120 feet (15
(15-36
36 meters) (EPRI, 1993)
5 EPRI Rock 3 G/Gmax for Rock - 51 to 120 feet

(EPRI, 1993)

63
10/26/2009

4. Click
on “Add”
1. Click on
“Damping”
3. Select
“Sand Avg..” 2. Scroll down

Mat. Description
2 Sand lower Damping for SAND,
SAND Lower Bound (Seed
& Idriss 1970)
3 Soil PI=30 Damping - Soil with PI=30, OCR=1-8

(Vucetic & Dobry, JGE 1/91)
4 EPRI 51-120' Damping Deep Cohesionless Soils -

Depth 51
51-120
120 feet (15
(15-36
36 meters) (EPRI, 1993)
5 EPRI Rock 3 Damping for Rock - 51 to 120 feet

(EPRI, 1993)

64
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Return”

1. Click on
“Yes”

65
10/26/2009

3. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “Clay
PI=35” 1. Click on down
arrow and select
Material No. 3

Consider Uncertainty
1.6
1.4
1.34
1.2
seudo-Spectral Acceleratio
0.8
0.6
Ps
0.4 0.59
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

66
10/26/2009

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Select “Option 2 –
Soil Profile….”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, Thickness

(H), β, γ, Gmax or Vs
O ti 1
Option Option 2
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer

67
10/26/2009

Create Input Data – Option 2: Soil Profile
1. Enter “Option 2 –
Column 1 - Short
Course”
3. Enter “0.125”
in Unit Weight
2. Enter “Column 1 – Short 4. Enter “573”

Course” in Identification for Shear Wave
8. Enter “758”
5. Enter “15”
6. Enter “0.05” for VS
for
o Thickness
c ess
for Damping
7. Enter
“0.125” for γ

Create Input Data File – Option 2: Soil Profile
Layer Soil Thickness Damping Unit VS

No. Type Weight
3 2 15 0.05 0.100 656

4 3 10 0.05 0.110 802
5 4 15 0.05 0.120 791
6 4 15 0.05 0.125 872
7 5 0.02 0.145 2500

68
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Layers”
2. Click
on “Yes”

SHAKE Column – Maximum Layer Thickness
Response Spectra at Surface

0 80
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
10 ft
0.40 20 ft
25 ft
0.30 50 ft
100 ft
0.20 300 ft
0.10
0.00
0.10 1.00 10.00
Period (sec)

69
10/26/2009

3. Click on
“Return”
2. Click on “Create
Option 6” 1. Scroll
down
Halfspace Layer

Consider Uncertainty
1 Shear Modulus Reduction Curves Vs

1.0
Peak Horizontal Acceleration (g)
0.8
0.1
pth to halfspace ?
ayer thickness ?
0.6
0.4
0.01
0.2
Dep
La
0.001 0.0
10 100 1000 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1
Distance (km) Shear Strain (%)

70
10/26/2009

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Select “Option 3 –
Motion: CHY028-N….”

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, H,
β, γ, Gmax or Vs
O ti 1
Option Option 2
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3

71
10/26/2009

Create Input Data – Option 3: Input Motion
1. Click on
“Return”
Quiet zone:
≈ 10% difference
Either multiplication
factor or maximum
acceleration

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 4 – Assignment

of Object Motion……” to select it

72
10/26/2009

Ground Level
0 = Object
Obj t motion
ti is
i assigned
i d as outcropping
t i motion
ti
Soil Layer 1 1 = Object motion is applied within the soil profile
Soil Layer 2 0
Soil Layer 3
Soil Type, H,
β, γ, Gmax or Vs
Option
p 2
Option 1 1
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 4: Assignment of Object Motion
1. Enter “Option 4 – Input

Motion at Layer 14 – Outcrop”
3. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “14” for No. of Sublayer

73
10/26/2009
Where is the Halfspace Layer?
Halfspace: A mathematical model

bounded byy a p planar surface but
otherwise infinite. Properties within
the model are commonly assumed to
be homogeneous and isotropic, unlike
the Earth itself, which is heterogeneous
and anisotropic. (Seismologist’s Dictionary
at http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/Geosciences)
Soft rock ⇒ VS >= 2,500 ft/sec ?
A halfspace implies that VS does not

increase with depth.

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 5 – Number of

Iterations ……” to select it

74
10/26/2009

Ground Level
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
β, γ, Gmax or Vs G
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Option 1 Option
p 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 5: No. Iterations & Strain Ratio
1 Enter “Option
1. Option 5 – No.
No Iterations: 10
– Strain Ratio: 0.56 – Mw: 6.6” 3. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “0.56”
for Strain Ratio

75
10/26/2009
Iterations - Equivalent Linear Analysis
(1)
Gmax
Shear Modulus, G
G3
(3)
G9 (9)
G10
G2
(2)
γeff,9 γeff,1
γeff,2 γeff,10
Shear Strain
SHAKE Analysis
• Equivalent loading ⇒ 50% - 70% (Kramer, 1996).

• Equivalent loading ⇒ 40% - 75% (Idriss & Sun, 1992)
ratio = (M – 1) / 10 where M = earthquake magnitude
• Effective strain factor 0.8 for waste (Kavazanjian and

Matasovic, 1995).
Kramer, S.L. (1996). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 653 pp.
Idriss, I.M. and Joseph I. Sun (1992). User’s Manual for SHAKE91, A Computer Program for Conducting Equivalent Linear Seismic
Response Analyses of Horizontally Layered Soil Deposits. Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil & Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Davis, California.
Edward Kavazanjian, Jr. and Neven Matasovic (1995). Seismic Analysis of Solid Waste Landfills. Proceedings, GeoEnvironment 2000,
ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 46, Y.B. Acar and D.E. Daniel, eds., New Orleans, Louisiana.

76
10/26/2009

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 6 – Column 1 – Short

Course – Layers 1 to 14” to select it

Ground Level
Soil Layer 2
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

77
10/26/2009
Sample Problem – SHAKE Columns

Acceleration Time Histories for Newmark Analysis
No. 1 No. 2
1 1
Newmark Analysis 2 2
3 3
4 4 No. 3
5 5 1
6 6 2
7 7 3
8 8 4
9 9 5
10 10 6
11 11 7
12 12 8
13 13 9
14 14 10
15 15 11
16 16 12
17 17 13

Create Input Data – Option 6: Acceleration Time Histories
4. Click on “HEA
– Option 7” 5. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter “14”
for Layer
3. Enter “0”
3 0
for Type
1. Enter “1” for Output

mode… for Layers 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 and 6

78
10/26/2009

Create Input Data
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 7 – Stress & Strain

Time Histories for Layer 2” to select it

Ground Level
Option 6
Soil Layer 1
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

79
10/26/2009

Create Input Data – Option 7: Shear Strain & Shear Stress
1. Click on
“Return”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option 9 – Response

Spectrum Set No. 1” to select it

80
10/26/2009

SHAKE Column Option 9 1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period
i d (sec)
( )
Option 6
Soil Layer 1
Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

Create Input Data – Option 9: Response Spectrum
1 Enter “Option
1. Option 9 – Response 2. C
Click
c oon
Spectrum at Surface” “Return”

81
10/26/2009

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option 10 – Amplification

Spectrum Set NoNo. 1” to select it

1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level 0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
O ti 6
Option Period (sec)
Soil Layer 1
Option 9
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1
γ (% )
Option 10
Option 1 Option
p 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4

82
10/26/2009

Create Input Data – Option 10: Amplification Spectrum
1. Enter “Option
Option 10 – Amplification 4. Click on
Spectrum – Layers 14-1” “Return”
2. Enter “14”
14 3 Enter
3.
in First Layer “Amplification
Layers 14-1”

Create Input Data
3. Click
on “Edit”
1. Scroll down
2. Click on “Option11 – Fourier

Spectrum Set No. 1” to select it

83
10/26/2009

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
Ground Level
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)
Option 6
Soil Layer 2
Option 7
Soil Layer 3
max
G
G /G
1
( 1 )
sec
Soil Type, H,
3
( 3 )
G ( 2 )
2
γ e ff2 γ e ff1 Option 10

γ (% )
Option 1 Option 2
Option 5
Soil Layer n-1
Soil Layer n
Half-Space Layer
Option 3
Option 4
Option 11

Create Input Data – Option 11: Fourier Spectrum
1. Enter “Option 11 – Fourier 3. Click on

Spectrum at Layers 1 & 14” “Return”
2. Enter “14” in
second cell of
Sublayer Number

84
10/26/2009

Add Options to Create Input File
3. Click
on “Add” 2. Click on “Option 1 – Dynamic
Soil Properties…” to select it
1. Scroll up
Option 1 has been added to the

list of options in input file

Add Options to Create Input File
Select Option 2, first set of Option 3, and

each set of Options 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11
and Click on “Add” each time to include
them in the input file

85
10/26/2009

Define Input Options for Multiple Analyses
3. Click 2. Select one of
on “Add” the Option 3 sets
4. Click
1. Click on “Repeat
on “Yes”
Yes
input list for each set of
an option” to select it

Rename SHAKE’s Output Files and Plot Files
2. Enter “Short-1out”
for Output File No. 1
3. Enter “Short-2out”
for Output File No. 2
4. Enter “Short” for

Name of Plot Files
1. Scroll down
5. Click on the open

folder icon to change
path of output folder

86
10/26/2009

Change Path of Output Folder
3. Click
on “Ok”
1. Double-click on
“SHAKE2000” folder
to list all of the
subfolders
2. Scroll down and double-

click
c c o on tthe
e “ShortCourse”
S o tCou se
folder to select it

Save Input & EDT Files
1. Click on
“Save”

87
10/26/2009

Save Input File
1. Switch to the
“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse” folder
2. Enter “ShortCourse.in”
in the File name box 3. Click on
“Save”

Save EDT File
2. Click
on “Yes” 1. Click on
“Save”

88
10/26/2009

Execute SHAKE
1. Click on
“SHAKE”
2. Click
on “Yes”

Execute SHAKE

89
10/26/2009

Process SHAKE’s Output Files
1. Click on
“Process”
2. Click
on “Yes”

Process SHAKE’s Output Files
1. Click
on “Ok”

90
10/26/2009

SHAKE2000 Output Files
Files created
from processing
of SHAKE’s
output files
Output files
created by
SHAKE

*.ACC File:
Acceleration results
from Option 6
*.FOU File: Fourier

Spectrum results
*.SPC File: from Option 11
Response
Spectrum results
from Option 9

91
10/26/2009

*.ANZ File: Summary

of results in SHAKE’s
output files
*.GRF File:
Acceleration, shear
stress, strain, etc.
from Options 5 & 6

*.HEA
* HEA File: Horizontal
Equivalent
Acceleration Time
History based on
Shear Stress from
Option 7
*.STR File: Shear

Stress and Strain
Time Histories from *.AHL File:
Option 7 Acceleration Time
History for specific
layer from Option 6

92
10/26/2009

Check Errors in First Output File
Error in
Option 5
1. Scroll
down the file

Display Results
2. Click on
“Display”
1. Click on “Display Results of

First Output File” to select it

93
10/26/2009

Display Results
2. Click on
“Print”
1. Click down-
arrow to show
other layers

Display Results
2. Click on
1. Select a “Close”
zoom factor

94
10/26/2009

Display Results
1. Click on
“Next”
2. Click on
“Return”

Plot Results
2. Click
on “Plot”
1 Click on “Peak
1.
Acceleration, CSR, Shear
Stress” to select it

95
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Clover” icon

Change Graph Properties
1. Click on down-
arrow and select
a different color
2. Click
on “Ok”

96
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Mean”
1. Click on “Peak
Acceleration” to
select it

97
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click
on “All”
3. Click
on “Ok”
2. Click on “Plot average curve plus

above selected curves” to select it

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Graph” Coordinates are
shown on text boxes
1. Click on symbol to
obtain coordinates

98
10/26/2009

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Mean”
1. Click on “Maximum
Shear Strain
Strain”

Plot Results
1. Click
o “All”
on
3. Click
on “Ok”


99
10/26/2009

Plot Results
2. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Profile”

Plot Results
2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Response
Spectrum” to select it

100
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Graph”

Plot Results
3. Click on
“Attenuate”
1. Click on
“Response 2. Click on
Spectrum for “Pseudo-Absolute
5% damping” Acceleration”

101
10/26/2009
Attenuation Response Spectrum at Surface
4. Enter
2. Enter “6.6” “60” for Dip
for Magnitude
5 Enter
5.
“8.7” for rjb
3. Enter “15.4”
for Distance
6. Enter
“17.2” for Rx
7. Select
“Reverse”
1. Click on
“BA08 NGA”,
“CB08 NGA”, 8. Select “Chiou
and “CY08 & Youngs”
NGA” to
select them
Attenuation Response Spectrum at Surface
1. Click on
7. Click on 2. Click on “GeoMean”
“Plot”
ot “M+”
4. Enter “1” 3. Enter

for Ztor “228” for VS
5. Enter “0.04”
for Z 1.0
6. Enter “17”
for Width

102
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Mean”

Plot Results
3. Click 1. Click
o “Ok”
on O on “All”
4. Click on
“Ok”


103
10/26/2009

Plot Results
1. Click on
“Close”
Zero values resulting

from error in Option 5
Hands-on Training – Nonlinear Analysis
The first step in our analysis is to estimate viscous damping by

calibrating the D-MOD analysis against an equivalent-linear, i.e.
SHAKE, analysis that has a constant value of viscous damping
at all frequencies.
q To this end,, n and ξ can be evaluated in an
iterative procedure as follows:
1. Develop a SHAKE column and perform the SHAKE analysis

to obtain the response spectrum at the surface level. Limit
PGA to <= 0.4 g and Shear Strain < 1.0%.
2. Develop the D-MOD column to match the SHAKE column as
close as possible and use n=5 and ξ = 0.5.
3. Perform a total-stress nonlinear analysis with D-MOD.
4. Compare the surface response spectrum from SHAKE to the
response spectrum from D-MOD.
5. Adjust n and ξ and repeat from step 3 until a “satisfactory”
match between the SHAKE and D-MOD spectra is obtained.

104
10/26/2009

SHAKE Results
Use SJTE315 motion

for Nonlinear Analysis

Scale PGA for SJTE315 to Yield Shear Strain < 1%
1. Click on
“New”

105
10/26/2009

New Option 3 for SJTE315
2. Click on
“Choose”
1. Click on
“Option 3”

2. Click on
“Edit”
1. Click on “Option 3 –
Input….Set No. 8” to select it

106
10/26/2009

4. Click on 1. Enter “Option 3 – Motion: SJTE315

“Other” – 0.24 g – D-MOD Calibration”
3. Enter “SJTE315C”
2. Enter for ID
“2496”

Select SJTE315.eqk
1. Switch to “SHAKE2000\Quakes” folder
2. Select “SJTE315.eqk”
3. Click on
“Open”

107
10/26/2009

4. Click on
“Return”
1. Enter “0.24” 3. Enter “8” for

for Max. Acc. No. Header

Max. Freq.

Select Option 1, 2, eight set of Option 3 (i.e.,

SJTE315), and each set of Options 4, 5, 6, 7,
9, 10, and 11 and Click on “Add” each time
to include them in the input file
1. Click on
“Repeat….” to
deselect it

108
10/26/2009

Create Option 3 for Motion Matched to Target Spectrum
1. Click on
“New”

New Option 3 for Motion Matched to Target Spectrum
2. Click on
“Choose”
1. Click on
“Option 3”

109
10/26/2009

2. Click on
“Edit”
Input….Set No. 9” to select it

1. Click on
“Convert”

110
10/26/2009
Convert Matched Ground Motion File SHAKE Format
1. Click on
“Open”
Open Ground Motion File Matched to Target Spectrum

(File was created from RspMatchEDT Quick Tutorial)
1. Switch to “RspMatchEDT\ShortCourse”
folder
3. Click on
2. Select “stg000.AC2” file “Open”

111
10/26/2009
3. Click on
“Save”
1. Select
“RspMatch”
2. Enter “(8F9.6)”
for Format
Save Ground Motion File Matched to Target Spectrum
1. Switch to
“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\Quakes” folder
2. Click on
“Save”

112
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Convert”
2. Click on
“Close”

1. Enter “Option
1 Option 3 – Motion:
STG000 matched to target”
3. Click on
“Return”
2. Enter
“STG000MT”

113
10/26/2009

Run SHAKE – Plot Results
2. Click on
“SHAKE”
3. Click on
“Process”
4. Click on “Peak
Accelearion..”
1 Select Option 1
1. 1, 2
2, ninth set of Option 3
(i.e., STG000), and each set of Options 4, 5,
6, 7, 9, 10, and 11 and Click on “Add” each
time to include them in the input file

Compare Real Motion’s Results to Matched Motion’s Results
0 0.5 1 1.5 0 1000 2000 3000 0 0.5 1

0
‐10
‐20
‐30
‐40
Depth (f
Average
‐50 Matched
‐60
‐70
‐80
‐90
Shear Strain (%) Shear Stress (ksf) Peak Acceleration (g)

114
10/26/2009

Compare Real Motion’s Results to Matched Motion’s Results
Response Spectra at Surface
0.9
0.8
Spectral Acceleratio
0.7
0.6
0.5 Average
Matched
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

Peak Acceleration (g) Maximum Shear Strain (%)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0 0
Analysis No. 1 - Profile No. 1 - Analysis No. 1 - Profile No. 1 -
Column 1-CHY028-N Column 1-CHY028-N

Column 1-G01000 Column 1-G01000
-20 -20 No. 3 - Profile No. 1 -

Analysis Analysis No. 3 - Profile No. 1 -
Column 1-SJTE225 Column 1-SJTE225
Depth (ft)
Depth (ft)

Column 1-SJTE315 Column 1-SJTE315

-40 Column
-40 1-TCU078-E Column 1-TCU078-E

Column 1-TMB295 Column 1-TMB295

Column 1-SJTE315C Column 1-SJTE315C
-60 -60
-80 -80
Column 1 - Short Course Column 1 - Short Course

115
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Return”
SHAKE2000
1. Click on
“Exit”

116
10/26/2009
¿Questions?

117
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000 Quick Tutorial
by:
GeoMotions, LLC
Lacey, Washington
October 2009
D-MOD2000
Double-click on the
D-MOD2000 icon to
execute D-MOD2000

1
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000
Help on each form is obtained

by clicking on the “Help”
command button
D-MOD2000 - Help

2
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000
Command button to
create a new option
Command buttons to
open, save or to edit an
existing database file
D-MOD2000
Command buttons to
create input file and edit Command buttons to
the list of options execute D-MOD_2 and to
process the output files

3
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000
Text box to enter name

of Master Output File
Text box to enter the label used

to name the files generated
from processing of the Master
Output File
Text box to enter the

number of the layer for
which output will be
generated by the program
D-MOD2000
Options to create, view and

print input and output data
Plotting options

4
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000
Option for other

analysis and utilities
D-MOD2000
Options to automatically save data,

check data before conducting the
analysis, and to switch between SI
and English units

5
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000
Window where list of

options in the database
file is shown
Window where list of

options to be included in
the input file is shown
EDT and Input Data Files
• An EDT file is a database file that stores the data for

the different D-MOD_2 options.
p These options
p are
used by D-MOD2000 to create an input file
• A maximum of 32,000 options can be saved in the EDT
file
• The options are saved sequentially
• Listing of the options used in the input file are saved in
the EDT file
• The input
p file stores the different options
p that will be
executed by D-MOD_2
• The EDT file is not and input file for D-MOD_2

6
10/26/2009
D-MOD2000 EDT & Input Files
EDT Options
Option 1 – Master Control Card - Wildlife Site – D-MOD2000 Tutorial

Option 2 – Wildlife Site – Analytical Soil Profile
Option 4 – Wildlife Site – Material Properties – Case SH-A
Option 4 – Wildlife Site – Material Properties – Case SH-B
Option 4 – Wildlife Site – Material Properties – Case SH-C
Option 5 – Visco-Elastic Half-Space Properties
Option 6 – Wildlife Site – D-MOD2000 Tutorial – Dynamic Analysis Solution
Option 7 – Input Motion: Wildlife Liquefaction Array, 7.5 M Downhole
Input File Options

Option 1 – Master Control Card - Wildlife Site – D-MOD2000 Tutorial
Option 2 – Wildlife Site – Analytical Soil Profile
Option 4 – Wildlife Site – Material Properties – Case SH-B
Option 6 – Wildlife Site – D-MOD2000 Tutorial – Dynamic Analysis Solution
Option 7 – Input Motion: Wildlife Liquefaction Array, 7.5 M Downhole
Output Files
• D-MOD creates a master output file and a series of

auxiliary output files for a specific layer.
• The master output file echoes the input information,

provides information on the initial stress state in the
profile, lists the peak values of time-dependent
variables (for all layers in the profile), and defines
contents (file names, variables and units) of the
auxiliary output files.
• The auxiliary output files contain time-dependent

variables calculated for a specific layer in the profile.
• A summary of the master output file, which includes

the input data and the table of maximum values is
saved to a file.

7
10/26/2009
Output Files
• When processing the master output file, a series of

files are created to save the data used by other
options of D-MOD2000:
* ACC
*.ACC A
Acceleration
l ti time
ti histories
hi t i
*.DPL Displacement time histories
*.MAX Maximum values
*.NTS Normalized shear stress time histories
*.PWP Pore water pressure ratio time histories
*.STN Strain time histories
*.STS Stress time histories
*.VEL Velocity time histories
*A#L#.VAR Time dependent variables for a specific
layer
• Files are text files
Hands-on Training – Nonlinear Analysis
The first step in our analysis is to estimate viscous damping by

calibrating the D-MOD analysis against an equivalent-linear,
i.e. SHAKE, analysis that has a constant value of viscous
damping
p g at all frequencies.
q To this end,, n and ξ can be
evaluated in an iterative procedure as follows:
1. Develop a SHAKE column and perform the SHAKE analysis

to obtain the response spectrum at the surface level. Limit
PGA to <= 0.4 g and Shear Strain < 1.0%.
2. Develop the D-MOD column to match the SHAKE column as
close as possible and use n=5 and ξ = 0.5.
3. Perform a total-stress nonlinear analysis with D-MOD.
4. Compare the surface response spectrum from SHAKE to the
response spectrum from D-MOD.
5. Adjust n and ξ and repeat from step 3 until a “satisfactory”
match between the SHAKE and D-MOD spectra is obtained.

8
10/26/2009
Create *.EDT Database File Options
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Import
Data from SHAKE2000
Input File”
Import Data from SHAKE2000 Input File

”SHAKE2000\ShortCourse” folder
2. Click on “ShortCourse.in”
to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

9
10/26/2009
1. Click
on “Yes”
Sample Problem
SHAKE Column D-MOD Column

fmax = 25 Hz ⇒ h < Vs/100

10
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Save”

”D-MOD2000\ShortCourse” folder
2 Enter “ShortCourse
2. ShortCourse.edt
edt”
in File name
3. Click on
“Save”

11
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“Edit”
1. Click on “Option 2 – Soil

Profile No. 1: Column 1 –
Short Course” to select it

Option 2 – Soil Profile – Check Settings
Above GWT = 1
Below GWT = 0
Layer No. 5, top

saturated layer
PWP = 1 ⇒ Sand
PWP = 2 ⇒ C
Clay
ay

12
10/26/2009

Option 2 – Soil Profile

layers 2 through 4
2. Scroll down to
show bottom layers

Option 2 – Soil Profile
1. Click
on “Ok”
Layer 13, bottom

saturated soil layer

13
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“Edit”
1. Click on “Option 1 – Master

Control Card: Column 1 – Short
course” to select it

Option 1 – Master Control Card – Total Stress Analysis
2. Click
on “Ok”
1 ⇒ Total Stress Analysis
1 ⇒ Half-space is
visco-elastic ⇒
outcrop motion

Number of the top
saturated layer

14
10/26/2009
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 4 – Material

Properties: Dynamic Soil
Properties Set No. 1” to select it

Option 4 – Material Properties: MKZ Model
δG Gmo
*
γ
τ * = f *(γ ) = s
⎛ δ G* ⎞
1+β ⎜⎜ G *mo γ ⎟⎟
⎝ δτ τmo ⎠
Gmo τ mo
*
Gmo = τ mo
*
=
σvc' σ vc'
δ τ = 1 − (μ * ) δ G = 1 − μ *
ν

15
10/26/2009

Differential equations of the simultaneous generation,
dissipation and redistribution of PWP within a deposit
∂u k ⎛ ∂ 2u ⎞ ⎛ ∂u ⎞
= Er ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
∂t γ w ⎜⎝ ∂z 2 ⎟⎠ st ⎜⎝ ∂ t ⎟⎠cy
Er =
(σ ) ' 1− m
v
m K (σ )
(Martinet al.,1975)
' n −m
2 vo

Pore Water Pressure Model for Sand
p f F N (γ c − γ tvp )
s
μ N* =
1 + f F N (γ c − γ tvp )
(Dobry et al., 1985)
s

16
10/26/2009

Cyclic Degradation & Pore Water Pressure Model for Clay
2. Click
on “MKZ”
1. Click on down arrow and

select “No. 8 – Clay PI=35”
(
− 3 s γ c − γ tvp )r (
− 2 s γ c − γ tvp )r (
− s γ c − γ tvp )r
μ N* = A N +BN +CN +D

Option 4 – Material Properties: MKZ Model & Viscous Damping
c = αR m x βR k
δG G γ * Material ID ⎛ 4π ⎞ ⎡ n ⎤
τ * = f * (γ ) = mo
α R = ξ tar ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥
⎝ T ⎠ ⎣ n + 1⎦
s
⎛ δ G* ⎞
1 + β ⎜⎜ G *mo γ ⎟⎟
⎝ δτ τ mo ⎠ ξ tar T
βR =
Gmo τ π (1 + n )
G *
= τ *
= mo'
σ vc' σ vc
mo mo

17
10/26/2009

Option 4 – Material Properties
1st iteration use default
values for n and ξ
4. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on up/down
arrows for β 3. Click on “Update β &
s for material type”
2. Click on up/down
arrows for s

1. Click on
“graph” icon

18
10/26/2009

3. Click on
“Choose”
C oose
1. Click on down arrow, scroll down

and select “Generic Clay (PI=30)”
2. Click on “Update all

similar materials”

1. Click
on “Fit”

19
10/26/2009

Option 4 – Material Properties: MKZ Parameters
1. Click on
“ALDO”
3. Click
on “Ok”
2. Scroll
2
down

1. Click
on “Ok”

20
10/26/2009
2. Click
o “Edit”
on dt
Properties of Visco-
Elastic ….” to select it

Option 5 – Properties of Visco-Elastic Half-Space
1. Click
on “Ok”

21
10/26/2009
2. Click
on “Edit”
1. Click on “Option 6 – Motion:

SJTE315 – 0.24 g….” to select it

Option 6 – Dynamic Analysis Solution Control
NCPR = 100 ⇒ Print results every 100 time steps
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Enter “100”
in NCPR

22
10/26/2009
Interval for Printing Results to Output File in Option 6
Layer 1 - DS-1 Site Response Spectrum for Layer 1 - DS-1 Site

Time: 40.96 (sec)
1.0
0.25
0.20
0.8
0.15
ation (g's)
0.10
NCPR = 1 ⇒ save
Acceleration (g's)
Absolute Accelera
0.6
0.05
0.00 data every 0.02

-0.05 sec - time to 0.4
-0.10 process ≈ 1 to 10
-0.15
minutes 0.2
-0.20
-0.25 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (sec) Period (sec)
Layer 1 - DS-1 Site Response Spectrum for Layer 1 - DS-1 Site

Time: 40 (sec)
1.0
0.25
0.20
0.8
0.15
g's)
Absolute Acceleration (g
0.10
NCPR = 100 ⇒
Acceleration (g's)
0.6
0.05
0.00 save data every

-0.05 2 sec - time to 0.4
-0.10 process ≈ 10-20

-0.15
seconds 0.2
-0.20
-0.25 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (sec) Period (sec)
3. Click
on “Edit”
2. Select the “Option 7 –

Motion: SJTE315 – 0.24 g….”
1. Scroll down

23
10/26/2009

Option 7 – Earthquake Record Control
Check Path to Ground Motion File
1. Click
on “Plot”

Plot of Input Ground Motion
1. Click on
1
“Close”

24
10/26/2009

Option 7 – Earthquake Record Control
1. Click
on “Ok”
Create Input File – First Iteration

2. Click on “Option
3. Click
1 – Master…..”
on “Add”
1. Scroll up
Option 1 has been added to the

list of options in input file

25
10/26/2009
Create Input File – First Iteration

2. Click on
“Save”
1. Select Options 2 and click on “Add”.

1 “Add” Do
the same for options 4, 5, EIGHT set of
options 6 and 7 to add them to the list of
input options
Options 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 have been

added to the list of options in input file
Save Input File

“D-MOD2000\ShortCourse”
2. Enter
“SJTE315shor.inp”
in File name 3. Click on
“Save”

26
10/26/2009
Save EDT Database File
2. Click
on “Yes” 1. Click on
“Save”
Change Path to Output Folder
1. Click on
folder icon

27
10/26/2009
Path to Output Folder
4. Click
on “Ok”
1. Double click on
“D-MOD2000”
folder icon
3. Double click on
“ShortCourse”
2. Scroll down to display
folder icon
the “ShortCourse” folder
Output & Auxiliary Files and Output Layer
1. Enter “SJTE315.out” for

Master Output File
2. Enter “SJTE315” for

Name of Plot Files

28
10/26/2009
Output & Auxiliary Files and Output Layer
2. Click on
“D-MOD”
1. Click on “Calibrate with

Frequency…..” to select it
Execute D-MOD – 1st Iteration

29
10/26/2009
1st Iteration – Process Output Files
1. Click on
1
“Process”
Master Output File
Results are provided in rows an columns every

certain number of time steps as defined in Option 6

30
10/26/2009
Master Output File
For plotting, this file will need to be read every

time, which may be time consuming depending on
the size of the file, e.g., this file has 262,806 lines
Master Output File
If we used 200 layers and 30,000 values for the

acceleration history,
y, the output
p file would have
13,000,000 lines of data. It would take about 30
minutes to process

31
10/26/2009
Output & Plot Files Generated by Processing
Files created from

processing of
D-MOD’s output files
Output files
created by
D-MOD
1st Iteration – Process Output Files

Open Acceleration Time History File for Layer 1
1. If necessary, change to the
“D-MOD2000\ShortCourse” folder
2. Click on “SJTE315A1L1.var”
file to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

32
10/26/2009
Display & Plot Results for Layer 1

Compare to Frequency Domain Spectrum
1. Click on
“Graph”

3. Click on
“Other”
1. Click on
“Response
Spectrum for
5% damping”
2. Click on “Absolute
Acceleration”

33
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Other”

Open File for Layer 1 from SHAKE Analysis

“\SHAKE2000\ShortCourse”
3. Select the
“L1A8D1-113-Column 1-SJTE315C.ahl” file
4. Click on
“Open”
2. Scroll down and select

“AHL Files (*.AHL)”

34
10/26/2009

2. Click on
“Save”
1. Scroll down and

select “0.002 sec”

Save SHAKE Surface Spectrum for Further Iterations
“\D-MOD2000\ShortCourse”
2. Enter 3. Click on
“SJTE315Clayer1.spc” “Save”
in File name

35
10/26/2009

2. Click on 1. Click on
“Ok” “Spectra”

1. Click
on “Ok”

36
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Close”
2nd Iteration – Modify MKZ Model Parameters
“D MOD”
“D-MOD” “Process”
1. Enter “5” for n

37
10/26/2009
2nd Iteration - Display & Plot Results for Layer 1

1. Click on
“Close”
3rd Iteration – Modify MKZ Model Parameters

3. Click on
“Process”
2. Click on
“D MOD”
“D-MOD”
1. Enter “5”
for ξ

38
10/26/2009
3rd Iteration – Compare to Frequency Domain
1. Click on
“Close”
Compare Acceleration & Strain Profiles to SHAKE’s
2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on
“Maximum
a u Values”
a ues

39
10/26/2009
Compare Acceleration Profile to SHAKE’s
Compare Acceleration Profile to SHAKE’s
SHAKE D-MOD
Peak Acceleration (g) Acceleration (g's)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0 0
-20 -20
-40 -40
D e p th (ft)
D e p th (ft)
-60 -60
-80 -80
-100 -100

40
10/26/2009
Compare Shear Strain Profile to SHAKE’s
1. Click on
“Shear Strain”
SHAKE D-MOD
Maximum Shear Strain (%) Shear Strain (%)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
0 0
-20 -20
D e p th (ft)
D e p th (ft)
-40 -40
-60 -60
-80 -80

41
10/26/2009
1. Click on
1
“Close”
Nonlinear and Effective-Stress Analysis
2. Click on
“Delete”
3. Click on
“Yes”
1. Select “Option 7”
from input list

42
10/26/2009
2 Click on
2.
“Add”
1. Select “Option 7 – Motion:

SJtE315…” from EDT list
3 Click on
3.
“Edit”
2. Select 1. Scroll up
“Option 1”

43
10/26/2009
2. Click
on “Ok”

effective stress analysis
with PWP generation
and/or cyclic
degradation & PWP
dissipation
1. Click on
“D-MOD”

44
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Process”
Layers 6 & 7
liquefied 2 Click
2. Cli k
on “Ok”
Process time
about 4 seconds
3. Click on
“Edit”

Output Layer
2. Click on “Option 6 – Motion:

SJTE315 – 0.24 g….” to select it

45
10/26/2009

Option 6 – Dynamic Analysis Solution Control
NCPR = 1 ⇒ Print results every time step
2. Click on
“Ok”
1. Enter “1”
for NCPR
2. Click on
1. Click on “Process”
ocess
“D-MOD”
3. Click on
“Ok”
Process time
about 5 minutes

46
10/26/2009

Display/Plot Results
2. Click
on “Plot”
Plot
1. Click on
“Maximum
a u Values”
a ues

PGA Profile
1. Click on
a symbol
Acceleration
& Depth
values

47
10/26/2009

Pore Water Pressure Ratio
4. Click on
“Close”
3. Click on
“PWP Ratio”
1. Click on “Show
Layers” option
2. Click on
“Highlight Liquefied
Layers”

2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Partial
Results at Uniform Time
Step” to select it

48
10/26/2009

Create PWP Ratio Movie
1. Click on
“PWP”
2. Click on
“Record Movie”
4. Click on
Camcorder
3. Scroll down and

select “Microsoft
Video 1”

Create PWP Ratio Movie
3. Click on
“Close”
2. Click
“Cancel”
1. Click on Cross
Camcorder to
stop movie

49
10/26/2009

2 Click
2.
on “Plot”
1. Click on “Time
Dependent Variables for
Layer” to select it

Open File for Layer No. 2

2. Click on “SJTE315A1L7.var” to
select it
3. Click on
“Open”

50
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Stress-Strain
Loops” to select it

1. Click on
“Plot Input
Motion” to
select it
2. Click on Fixed
Axis” to select it

51
10/26/2009

2. Click on
“Normalized
PWP”
1. Click on
Camcorder

1. Click on
1
“Close”

52
10/26/2009

Compare Results from Several Analyses
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Compare
Results of Several
Analyses”

1. Click on
“Open”
Open

53
10/26/2009


2. Click on “CHY028-Naux.max”
to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

1. Click on
“Open”

54
10/26/2009

Open the other 5 files:
G01000aux.max
SJTE225aux.max
SJTE315aux.max
TCU078-Eaux.max
TMB295aux.max

1. Click on
“Read”
Read
2. Click
on “Ok”

55
10/26/2009

3 Click on
3.
“Plot” 1. Enter “CHY028-N” in
Description text box for first file
2. Enter the other names

for the other curves

1. Click on
“PWP Ratio”

56
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Close”

1. Click on “Response 2. Click on

Spectrum” “Yes”

57
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Open”

Open the following files:
CHY028-Naux.acc
G01000aux.acc
SJTE225aux.acc
SJTE315aux.acc
TCU078-Eaux.acc
TMB295aux.acc

58
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Read”
Read
2. Click on
“Ok”

2. Click on
“Plot” 1. Enter the names for
the spectra plots

59
10/26/2009

1. Click on
“Close”

1. Click on
“Close”

60
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“Play”
1. Click on “Play
AVI Movies”
1. Click on open
folder icon

61
10/26/2009

Open AVI Movie File

2. Click on “Motion.avi”
file to select it
3. Click on
3
“Open”
1. Click on open
folder icon

62
10/26/2009

Open AVI Movie File

2. Click on “PWP.avi”
file to select it
3. Click on
3
“Open”
1. Click on “>”
2. Click to close

63
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Exit”
¿Questions?

64
10/26/2009
RspMatchEDT Quick Tutorial
by:
GeoMotions, LLC
Lacey, Washington
October 2009
Selection of Target Response Spectrum

For this tutorial we’ll modify a ground motion record to
match the geometric mean response spectrum used in the
SHAKE2000 hands-on training. The spectrum looks like:
Response Spectra
1.5
CY08 - NGA - Vs: 760 m/s -
Reverse - Hanging Wall - M:
6.6 - R: 15.4 km - M+Sigma
al Spectral Acceleration (g)
CB08 NGA - Reverse - Vs: 760

m/s - M: 6.6 - R: 15.4 km -
M+Sigma
1.0
BA08 NGA - Reverse - Vs: 760
m/s - M: 6.6 - Rjb: 8.7 km -
M+Sigma
Geometric Mean
Horizonta
0.5
0.0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (sec)

1
10/26/2009
RspMatchEDT
Double-click on the
R M t hEDT icon
RspMatchEDT i to
t
execute RspMatchEDT
RspMatchEDT
Help on each form

is obtained by
clicking on the
“Help” command
button

2
10/26/2009
RspMatchEDT - Help
Find Seed Motion with Spectrum “Similar” to Target
1. Click on
“Convert”

3
10/26/2009
Convert Seed Motion to RspMatch2005 Input Format
1. Click on
“Open”
Ope
Open Seed Motion File

“RspMatchEDT\ShortCourse\Quakes”
2. Select the
“STG000.AT2” file
3. Click on
“Open”

4
10/26/2009
Select Source and Output File Format
3. Click on
“Save”
1. Select
“PEER AT2”
2. Click on down
arrow and select
“RspMatch”
Save Converted Ground Motion File

“RspMatchEDT\ShortCourse”
2. Click on
“Save”

5
10/26/2009
Convert and Plot File
2. Click
on “Plot”
1. Click on
“Convert”
Plot Converted Ground Motion File
1. Click
on “Plot”

6
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Close”

7
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Spectra”
1. Click on
1
“Save”

8
10/26/2009
Save Converted Ground Motion File

2. Click on
“Save”
2. Click on
1. Click on
1 “Plot”
“Spectra”

9
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Graph”
Spectrum for 5% damping”
3. Click on
“Target”
2. Click on “Pseudo-
Absolute Acceleration”

10
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Open”
Open Target Spectrum File

2. Click on “attenuate.tgt”
to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

11
10/26/2009
1. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click
on “Ok”

12
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
Tmax = 10 sec
Minimum Usable Frequency (or Maximum Usable

Period) from NGA Flat File
fmin = 0.125 Hz (Tmax = 8 sec )
Grant, Damian N., Paul D. Greening, Merrick l. Taylor and Barnali Ghosh (2008). Seed Record Selection for
Spectral Matching with RspMatch2005. Proceedings, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
October 12-17, Beijing, China.

13
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
Convert Seed Motion to RspMatch2005 Input Format
1. Click on
“Close”

14
10/26/2009
Create Target Response Spectrum File
1 Click
1. Cli k on
“SETARGET”
1. Click on
“Target”

15
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Open”
Open Target Spectrum File

2. Click on “attenuate.dat”
to select it
3. Click on
“Open”

16
10/26/2009
1. Click
on “Ok”
Create SETARGET Input File
1. Enter “1.0” for

Scaling Factor

End Time Window

Minimum Period

17
10/26/2009
4. Click on 1. Enter “10.0” for

“Save” Maximum Period

Interpolation Points
3. Enter “short
3 short.tgt
tgt” for
Output Spectrum File
Save SETARGET Input File

3. Click on
“Save”
2. Enter
“ShortSTGT.in”

18
10/26/2009
“Spectra” “Close”
2. Click
on “Ok”
Spectral Matching of Time History
When using RspMatch2005 it is recommended to adjust the

time history in stages over progressively wider frequency
bands. The first pass matches the starting time history (i.e.
g
stg000.eq) over the frequency range
g of 1.0 – 100.0 Hz.
Th second
The d pass will
ill match
h the
h time
i history
hi created
d by
b the
h
first pass over the frequency range of 0.125 to 100.0 Hz.
For convenience, we’ll accept the default values for some
variables.
Hancock, Jonathan, Jennie Watson-Lamprey, Norman A. Abrahamson, Julian Bommer,

Alexandros Markatis, Emma McCoy and Rishmila Mendis (2006). An Improved Method of
Matching Response Spectra of Recorded Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelets. Journal
of Earthquake Engineering, Vol 10, Special Issue 1, pp. 67-89.

19
10/26/2009
Create RspMatch2005 Input File – First Pass
1. Enter “Short
Course” in Title
2. Enter
“stg000.eq”

No. Iterations
6. Enter “125”
for Group Size
4. Accept “1” for

Interpolation

Freq. Match 1
Create RspMatch2005 Input File

Interpolation – Sampling Rate or Time Step
Nyquist Frequency ≈ 2 f max
N
Nyquist
i Frequency
F i the
is h highest
hi h frequency
f i the
in h Fourier
F i series
i
π
Nyquist Frequency = w N = (Kramer, 1996)
Δt
e.g., for f max = 50 Hz ⇒ w N = 100 Hz or 200 π rad/sec
For a seed time historyy with Δt = 0.005 sec ⇒

π π 0.005
⇒ Δt = = = 0.005 sec ⇒ dtFlag = =1
wN 200 π 0.005
⇒ i.e. for our example Δt = 0.005 ⇒ dtFlag = 1 (i.e., Interpolation) is Ok

20
10/26/2009
Create RspMatch2005 Input File – Second Pass
1. Click on
“New”
e
2. Click
on “Yes”
Create RspMatch2005 Input File – Second Pass
2. Click on
“Save”
Sa e
1. Enter “0.125”
for Freq. Match 1

21
10/26/2009
Save RspMatchEDT EDT File

3. Click on
“Save”
2. Enter
“ShortCourse.EDT”
Save RspMatch2005 Input File

3. Click on
“Save”
2. Enter
“short.inp”

22
10/26/2009
Execute RspMatch2005
2. Click on
“RspMatch”
1. Select
“DOS Input”
Execute RspMatch2005
1. Enter
“c:\rspmatchedt\ShortCourse\Short.inp” or the path
where RspMatchEDT is installed plus “short.inp”
and press Enter

23
10/26/2009
Compare Time Histories & Arias Intensities
1. Click on
“Motion”
Compare Seed & Matched Time Histories
3. Click on
“Other”
2. Click on “Acc.-Vel.-Disp.”
1. Select “Seed
Accelerogram”

24
10/26/2009
Open Matched Acceleration Time History File

2. Select
”stg000.ac2”
3. Click on
“Open”
1. Click on
“Plot”

25
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
2. Click on
“Plot”
1. Click on “Arias
Intensity”

26
10/26/2009
Compare Seed & Matched Arias Intensities
1. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Close”

27
10/26/2009
Compare Target & Matched Response Spectra
1. Click on
“Spectrum”
1. Click on
“Other”

28
10/26/2009
Open Matched Acceleration Time History

2. Select
”stg000.ac2”
3. Click on
“Open”
1. Click on
“Save”

29
10/26/2009
Save Matched Response Spectrum

3. Click on
“Save”
2. Enter
“stg000mtch.spc”
2. Click on
1. Click on
“Plot”
“Spectra”

30
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Graph”
Spectrum for 5% damping”
2. Click on “Pseudo-
Absolute Acceleration” 3. Click on
“Target”

31
10/26/2009
2. Click on
“Open”
1. Select
“SETARGET”
Open SETARGET Target File

2. Select
”short.tgt”
3. Click on
“Open”

32
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Ok”
O
1. Click
on “Ok”

33
10/26/2009
1. Click on
“Close”
1. Click on
“Close”

34
10/26/2009
Exit RspMatchEDT
1. Click
on “Exit”
¿Questions?

35
10/26/2009
Newmark Displacement Analysis

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial
by:
GeoMotions, LLC
Lacey, Washington
October 2009
Newmark Method
Ag
W= M g
celeration
Ng W
Ng
Acc
W y(t)
Rigid body on a moving support to

Time, T
Mass moves as a single rigid body with resistance mobilized

along the sliding surface.
• Resistance to motion is accounted for by shearing
resistance ≈ p
proportional
p to the weight,
g , W.
• Single acceleration pulse, Ag, lasting for a time
interval to.
• Acceleration of the ground of magnitude Ng that
would cause the mass to move relative to the ground
(Newmark, 1965).
N.M. Newmark (1965). Effects of Earthquakes on Dams and Embankments. Geotechnique, 15(2), pp.
139-160.

1
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Maximum velocity for

Va = Ag to
accelerating force at to:
Velocity
y
Va = A g to
Velocity due to resisting

acceleration:
0 to tm Vr = N g t
Time, T
At time tm:
Va = Vr = V
i.e. net velocity is zero ⇒ body comes to rest relative to the
ground.
Newmark Method
The maximum displacement of the mass relative to the

ground, um, is obtained by computing the shaded triangular
area:
V to + (t m − to )V − V t m
Va = Ag to 1 1
um =
2 2
Velocity
1 1
um = V to + V tm − V to − V t m
2 2
1 1
u m = V t m − V to
0 to tm 2 2
Time, T

2
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Newmark drew an analogy between this situation and that of a

rigid block resting on an inclined plane.
Sliding
Block
Inclined
Failure Plane
Surface
Newmark Method
Double Integration
0.30
0.25 Ground
0.20
A c c e le r a t io n
0.15
0.10 Block
( g 's )
0.05
0.00
-0.05
-0.10
-0.15
-0.20
-0.25
-0.30
8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.0
10
Ground
5
V e l o c it y
( i n /s e c )
Block
0
-5
-10
-15
8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.0
2
Dis plac e m e n t
Ground
0
-2 Block
( in )
-4
-6
-8
-10
8.0 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.0
Time (sec)

3
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Acceleration Time History Selection
• Scaling of previously recorded accelerogram.
• Site-specific analysis
Acceleration Time History
Horizontal Equivalent Acceleration Time
History
Newmark Method
Acceleration Time History
Houston et al. ((1987)) 3 2 1

recommended to vary the
properties of the shear zone
material by trial and error,
until the average maximum
acceleration at points B1, B2
….. Bn is approximately equal B1
to the yield acceleration. The
“matched” acceleration time B2
Shear Zone
history, A2(t) is then double
integrated to obtain A2(t)
displacements.
Sandra L. Houston, William N. Houston and J. Manuel Padilla (1987). Microcomputer-

Aided Evaluation of Earthquake-Induced Permanent Slope Displacements. Microcomputers
in Civil Engineering 2, pp. 207-222.

4
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Horizontal Equivalent Acceleration
m(y) ü(y)
Acceleration distribution
W
at t = ti
F 1
F = ∑ m( y ) ü(y) ⇔ F = k av W ⇒ k av = ⇒ ∑ m( y) ü(y)
W W
Seed, H.B. and Marting, G.R. (1966). The Seismic Coefficient in Earth Dam
Design. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. ASCE, Vol.
92, No. SM3, pp. 25-58.
Newmark Method
Wedge Idealization of Potential Sliding Mass
92, No. SM3, pp. 25-58.

5
10/26/2009

Wedge Idealization of Potential Sliding Mass
Slide mass
τh τh
HEA = = g
ρ W
mass, ρ
τh
Accounts for cumulative effect of the nonuniform horizontal

acceleration distribution in the overlying deformable material.
92, No. SM3, pp. 25-58.
Newmark Method
– 1-D Horizontal Equivalent

q Acceleration time history
y (Bray
( y
et al., 1995):
τ h (t ) τ h (t ) τ (t )
HEA(t ) = = g= h g
ρz γz σv
z = depth
τh((t)) = horizontal shear stress at depth
p z and time t
ρ = mass density of material above depth z
Jonathan D. Bray, Anthony J. Augello, Gerald A. Leonards, Pedro C.

Repetto and R. John Byrne (1995). Seismic Stability Procedures for Solid-
Waste Landfills. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 121, No. 2,
February 1995.

6
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Approximate Earthquake Response Analysis of Slopes
in
i2
i1
Abramson, L.W.; Lee, T.S.; Sharma, S. and Boyce G.M. (1996). Slope Stability and
Stabilization Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ellen M. Rathje and Jonathan D. Bray (2001). One- and two-dimensional seismic
analysis of solid-waste landfills. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 38, pp. 850-
862.
Newmark Method
Average of the Response Motions
i =n
n i=n
∑ m a (t )i i ∑ HEA (t ) i
aavg (t ) = i =1
i=n HEAavg (t ) = i =1
∑m
i =1
i
n
mi = mass of unit column directly above point i

ai(t) = acceleration response at point i
HEAi(t) = Horizontal Equivalent Acceleration at point i

7
10/26/2009
In short, …. the Newmark Method should only be used

to provide an index of seismic stability, or to obtain
an order-of-magnitude estimate of potential slope
deformations (Wartman et al., 2003)
Joseph Wartman, Jonathan D. Bray and Raymond B. Seed (2003). Inclined

Plane Studies of the Newmark Sliding Block Procedure. Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 8, August
2003.
Newmark Method
2. Click
on “Ok”
1. Click on “Newmark
Method”

8
10/26/2009
Newmark Method

Constant Acceleration
2. Click on
“File”
Sample Problem – SHAKE Columns

Acceleration Time Histories for Newmark Analysis
No. 1
1
2
3 No. 2
4
1
Newmark Analysis 5
2
6 3
7 4
8 5
9 6
10 7
11 8
12 9
10
13
14 11
15 12
13
16

9
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Select Acceleration Time History
1. Click on “Open
Folder” icon
Newmark Method

“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\” folder
2. Select the “Short.anz” file
3. Click on
“Open”

10
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
3. Enter “Short Course”

for description
4. Click on
“Save”
2. Click
on icon

last layer
Newmark Method

“SHAKE2000\ShortCourse\” folder
2 Enter
2.
“ShortCourse.nmk” 3. Click on
“Save”

11
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
“Ok” “Motion”
Newmark Method
Plot Time Histories
3. Click on
“Plot”
1. Click on
“Franklin & Chang”
2. Click and select
“All Relative”
Displacement

12
10/26/2009
Newmark Method
Plot Time Histories
1. Click on
“Close”
Newmark Method
1. Click on
“Close”

13
10/26/2009
¿Questions?

14

GeoMotions Suite Tutorial PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GeoMotions Suite Tutorial PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GeoMotions Suite

Norm. Shear Stress

Shear Strain (%)

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 1

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 2

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 3

Export Law Assurances

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 4

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 5

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 7

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial – Page No. 9

SHAKE2000 Quick Tutorial

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 1 www.GeoMotions.com

Seismic Hazard Analysis

The process by which design ground motion parameters are

In general, a SHA can be classified as either deterministic

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 2 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 11

Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis

A DSHA is used …. “to evaluate the magnitude of ground

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 3 www.GeoMotions.com

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Analysis using

Develop input data for analysis:

Graphical and/or tabular representation of results

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 4 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 12

1. Define the subsurface conditions at the site.

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 5 www.GeoMotions.com

Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis & Site Response

Attenuation Relationship Shear Stress/Strain

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 6 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 13

Define the subsurface conditions at the site

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 7 www.GeoMotions.com

Silty to Fine Sand, trace organics

Silty Clay, Medium Stiff, PI = 35

Coarse Sand & Gravel

2500 Halfspace - γ = 145 pcf

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 8 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 14

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 9 www.GeoMotions.com

Site-Specific Analysis - Step 2

Define the significant structures and seismogenic

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 10 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 15

Sample Problem Location

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 11 www.GeoMotions.com

Sample Problem Location

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 12 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 16

Define the significant structures and seismogenic

Seattle Fault (thrust) 7.2 53

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 13 www.GeoMotions.com

Seismic Hazard Disaggregation

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 14 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 17

Seismic Hazard Disaggregation

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 15 www.GeoMotions.com

Seismic Hazard Disaggregation

Mode: Mw 6.6 @ 15.4 km - ε: 1 to 2 σ

Individual Fault Information

Copyright © 2009 GeoMotions, LLC 16 www.GeoMotions.com

GeoMotions Suite Quick Tutorial - Page No. 18