Lan formation between two computers

1) Two computers with working LAN ports. (LAN card / Ethernet card / NIC card)
2) Patch cord. (cat 5 cable and RJ 45 connector )
3) IP address configured on both LAN card.
4) Test network connectivity (ping is used to test network connectivity).
5) Turn off firewall.

Note: -
1) To access network drive use: - \\ip address ex. \\192.168.1.100
2) Access drive without sharing: - \\ip address\(drive letter)$ ex. \\192.168.1.100\d$
3) Tracert is used to find out the network path of server.

Map network drive mapping on client computer

1) Map network drive which is in my computer
2) Folder name \\ip address\folder name or use browser button. Ex. \\192.168.1.100\ccna.
3) Now open my computer and check folder.

MAC address
MAC address is a physical address which is uniqaly burned o LAN cards when its manufacturing. It is
48 bit address and it is represented by hexadecimal value. Ex. EC-A8-6B-76-9A-C5

Total IP address is divided into 5 classes

Class A

Class B LAN and WAN

Class C

Class D Multicasting

Class E Research and Development

Priority bit is left most bit in first octet

Class A 0

Class B 10

Class C 110

Class D 1110

Class E 1111
 Classes Range
Class A 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255 (0 – 127)

Class B 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255 (128 – 191)

Class C 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255 (192 – 223)

Class D 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 (224 – 239)

Class E 240.0.0.0 – 225.255.255.255 (240 – 225)

0 network in class A is reserved for default routeing & single host representation in wild cast
masking.

127 networks is reserved for loop back testing / self LAN card testing. Loop back ip: -
127.0.0.1

IP address is divided into network and host portion

Class A is written as N.H.H.H

Class B is written as N.N.H.H

Class C is written as N.N.N.H

N represents network while H represents Host.

Class A
Octate format is N.H.H.H

No of network = 2(Network bit – no. of priority bit)

No of host per network = 2Host bit – 2

= 2424 – 2 = 16777216 – 2 = 1677214

No of networks in class A = 28-1 (priority bit is -1 for class A network)

= 27

= 128 – 2 (-2 is for network ID and Broadcast ID)

Class B
Octate format is N.N.H.H

Network bits = 16 and host bit =16

No of networks = 216 – 2

= 214 = 16384.
No of Host = 216 – 2

= 65536 – 2 = 65534.

Class C
Octets format is N.N.N.H

Network bit = 24 and host bit = 8

2097152 networks and 254 host per network.

Network address = all host bit 0

Broadcast address = all host bit 1 in host portion.

Class A host arrangement

10.0.0.0 (Network address)

10.0.0.1 (1st IP address)

10.0.0.2

10.0.0.255

10.0.1.0

10.0.1.2

10.0.255.255

10.1.0.0

10.1.255.255

10.255.255.254 (Last IP address)

10.255.255.255 (Broadcast address)

Class B host arrangement

172.25.0.0

172.25.0.1

172.25.0.2

172.25.0.255

172.25.1.0

172.25.1.255

172.25.2.0

172.25.2.255

172.25.255.254

172.25.255.255

Class C host arrangement

192.168.1.0 (network address)

192.168.1.1 (1st valid IP address)

192.168.1.254 (Last valid IP address)

192.168.1.255 (Brodcast IP address)

 Private IP addresses
Class A 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

These are certain addressing each class of IP address that are reserved for LAN.
These address are called private address. They can be used for home office network. Networks not
connect to internet.

Subnet Mask
1) Subnet mask differentiate network portion and host portion.
2) Subnet mask is been given for host identification of network ID.
3) Represented in all 1’s in the network portion and with all 0’s in the host portion.
4) Subnet mask provides detail information in any IP address like network ID, no. Of networks bits,
broadcast ID. It is compulsory for any IP address.

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Subneting
Subneting is a process of dividing a single network into multiple sub networks. For subnet ting a
network we need to borrow host bit from host portion and convert into subneted networks bit.

No of subnets = 2no of subnet bit = 21 – 2

No fo host per subnet = 2no of host bit – 2 = 27 – 2 = 126

Block size = 256 – (new subnet mask/block size/block value of host portion)

= 256 – 128 = 128

Block size is used to find valid subnetworks.

Default network 192.168.1.0 (11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000)

255.255.255.0

1) 192.168.1.0

192.168.1.1

.
192.168.1.126

192.168.1.127

2) 192.168.1.128

192.168.1.129

192.168.1.254

192.168.1.255

Note: - subnet mask can be represented in the form of ‘/’ notation.

Class A notation: - 255.0.0.0 /8

Class B notation: - 255.255.0.0 /16

Class C notation: - 255.255.255.0 /24