Name _____________________________________

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution

Image Analysis Notes from Learning Stations Notes from Class Ways to Improve
IMAGE: What do you 1. Briefly describe working conditions in factories.
The factory system was a major change for European workers:
see in this picture that
 Factory work became less ___________________________
shows how dangerous
factories were during  Factory conditions were dirty, _______________________,
2. What were wages like for men? Women? Children?
the Industrial and unhealthy
Working
Conditions Revolution?  Workers worked long hours (__________________ hr day)
and Wages 3. What was the biggest problem facing factory workers?  Factory workers were not paid well; Women & children
were paid ________________________________________
 Owners required workers “_________________________”
& limited their breaks to increase production
IMAGE: Why would 1. Briefly describe conditions in the coal mines.
managers hire children The invention of the steam engine increased demand for coal:
to work in mines?  Coal production grew from _______ million tons in 1750 to
_______ million tons in 1830
2. What types of jobs would people do in the coal mines?
 Men, women, ____________________ were used in mines
Conditions in
Coal Mines  Mines were unhealthy & dangerous: Lung disease, poison
3. What was the biggest problem facing coal miners? gas, drowning, ___________________________________,
cave-ins were common for workers

IMAGE: What do you 1. Briefly describe child labor.

think would be the The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many children:
hardest part of  Rather than working for their ________________________
William Cooper’s day? on family farms, many children in the cities worked in
2. What types of jobs would children be given? _______________________________, brickyards, or mines
Child Labor  Living in cities was _________________________________
so poor families needed their kids to work
3. What was the biggest problem facing child workers?
 Child workers earned ______ of an adult wage, worked long
hours in dangerous conditions, were often beaten

IMAGE: What type of 1. Briefly describe working conditions for women.

work are these The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many women:
women doing?  Rather than working with their husbands on family farms
and taking care of _______________________________,
2. How did industrialization change the role of women? poor women in cities worked in factories
Changing Role  Some women worked as ____________________ servants
of Women
3. What was the biggest problem facing women workers?  Factory jobs for women required long hours away from
their children and could leave women _________________,
sick, or deformed
 Women were paid _______ or _______ of a man’s salary
 Image Analysis Notes from Learning Stations Notes from Class Ways to Improve
IMAGE: Based on the 1. Briefly describe urbanization.
graph and the image, Urbanization increased dramatically:
how were cities  The increase in population and enclosure of farms forced
changing during the people to ______________________________________
2. Why would life expectancy be shorter for people living
Industrial Revolution? in cities?  Poor families lived in poorly constructed apartments built
by factory owners called ___________________________
Urbanization in neighborhoods called ___________________
3. What was the biggest problem facing cities?  Many families shared cramped apartments that lacked
running _______________ or sanitation
 Hard factory jobs and _________________________ led to
short life expectancies for urban workers

IMAGE: Notice the 1. Briefly describe how class structure was changing.
types of people below During the Industrial Revolution, the social class system changed
and above the floor. as ownership of land stopped being the most important factor:
What are the people  At the top were the ________________________________
2. What new class became important? Why? who gained wealth by owning factories
Changing below the floor doing?
Class  The _______________________________ grew because of
Structure growth of engineers, managers, shopkeepers
3. What was the biggest problem with the class system
changing?  The bottom class grew because of the size of the urban
____________ who worked for low wages in factories

I. How did people respond to the changes & abuses of the Industrial Revolution?
A. Reform B. Unions
1. Some demanded _____________ to fix problems caused by the Industrial Revolution 1. Workers joined unions & demand better ________, fewer _________,
2. In the mid-1800s, Britain & the U.S. passed _______________ & _______________ safer work conditions
labor laws that limited _________________ & type of work they could perform 2. When union demands were not met, workers went on ____________
3. Reformers regulated ___________, food, sewage; Offered public ________________;
Regulated living & work conditions
C. New Economic Theories
1. Capitalism
a. The economy of the Industrial Revolution was based on ____________________________
b. As Adam Smith explained, businesses operated in a ____________________________________ economy based on competition, _______________, supply & demand
c. Governments applied __________________________________ principles & avoided heavy taxes, regulations, or __________________________________ in business
2. Socialism
a. Some believed that was the reasons for the growing gap between the ___________ and ___________…and rejected capitalism in favor of _______________________
b. Socialists argued that the __________________________ should plan the economy by controlling _________________, farms, railroads, mines, & important industries
c. This would create ____________________ & end _____________________ by redistributing wealth from rich capitalists to the poor workers
3. Communism
a. ______________________________ introduced a radical form of socialism called _____________________________
b. Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto which predicted a war between the “______________” & “________________________”
c. Marx encouraged workers to ____________________ owners, seize control of factories, distribute goods evenly, & create economic _________________ for all people