Tutorial 1

1. The compact discs from a certain supplier are analyzed for scratch and shock
resistance. The results from 100 discs tested are summarized as follows:

Scratch
Resistance
High Low
High 30 10
Shock Medium 22 8
Resistance Low 25 5

Let A denote the event that a disc has high shock resistance, and B denote the
event that a disc has high scratch resistance. If sample is selected at random,
determine the following probabilities:

i. P(A) ii. P(B) iii. P(B’) iv. P(AUB) v. P(A  B)

vi. P(AUB’) vii. P( A B) viii. P( B A)

2. A box contains 3 black and 4 while balls. Two balls are drawn at random one at a
time without replacement.

i. What is the probability that a second ball drawn is black?

ii. What is the conditional probability that first ball drawn is black if the
second ball is known to be black?
 3. In a group of 22 players of Malaysia team, only 7 of them are totally fit for the
Asian game tournament and every person of the remaining 15 players has either
knee injury or flue fever or both. However 8 of the players have knee injuries and
10 have flu fever. Let A be the event of knee injuries and B be the event of flu
fever. If one of them selected randomly from this group, what is the probability
that he has
i. both, knee injury and high flu fever?
ii. knee injury only?
iii. flu fever only?
iv. either knee injury or flu fever?

4. An agricultural research establishment grows vegetables and grades each one

as either good or bad for taste, good or bad for its size, and good or bad for its
appearance. Overall, 78% of the vegetables have a good taste. However, only
69% of the vegetables have both a good taste and a good size. Also, 5% of the
vegetables have a good taste and a good appearance, but a bad size. Finally,
84% of the vegetables have either a good size or a good appearance.

i. If a vegetable has a good taste, what is the probability that it also has a
good size?
ii. If a vegetable has a bad size and a bad appearance, what is the
probability that it has a good taste?

5. Three machines M1, M2 and M3 produce identical items of their respective output
5%, 4% and 3% of the items are faulty. On a certain day, M1 has produced
25%, M2 has produced 30% and M3 has produced 45% of the total output. An
item selected at random is found to be faulty. What are the chances that it was
produced by M3?

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Tutorial I/RR/May 2017