Sana a RENO EU am ae) 1825-1840 92 1828 1640 democracy—rule by the people “Let the people rule."—Andrew JacksonAN DEMOCRACY COMES OF AGE, | to oes not suit me"—Anéreu J ae storm. Calm suit me"—Inirsatson 54 ayo 2000 ~~ Andrew Jackson, a tall man of action, earned the name “Old Hickory" for his toughness as @ herole general S73, during the War of 812. He was born in 1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina. His parents, poor Scotch-irish immigrants, hoped he would become a Presbyterian minister. In 1776 nine-year-old, sandy-haired, freckled Andrew was selected by Waxhaw as public reader of the new Declaration of Independence. At age Il he went to boarding school, but the quick-witted, quick-tempered boy found school too slow. He preferred sports and fighting to studying, A schoolmate recalled that in playground Fights Andrew never gave vp. [At age 13 (1780) he joined the South Carolina militia end fought in the Revolutionary War. Captured in 1761, he refused to clean the boots of a British officer, claiming his rights as @ prisoner The angry officer struck Andrew's head with his sword, but Andrew never did give At age M4 Andrew returned from the war, now an orphan. "I felt utterly alone," he said. Uninterested in returning to school, the teen-age Jeckson gambled away an inheritance from his grandfather ‘and then briefly taught school. At age I7 (1764) he began studying law, and four years later he moved to Nashville, Tenmessee, to start @ law practice. Accumulating land and slaves, he became 2 wealthy, self-made man. He saved Tennessee as US. congressman (1796), state Supreme Court justice (1796-1804), and US. senator (1797-96, 1825-25). Following nilitery service (612-20, he wes provisional governor of Florida (82D. After helping found the Democratic party in 1828, he served two terms as US. president (1829-1897) His wife Rachel died in 1826; Jackson died in 1645. Andrew Jackson was the first US. president born in o lag cabin, of the common people rather than the aristocratic dass. tis election coincided with the extension of denocracy to more people a situation largely caused by expansion of the western frontier in the 1620s and 1830s. the 1830s, a greater number of people participated in government: |. More white males could vote, In 1600 nine of sixteen states had property qualifications for voting. {n 1830 only six of twenty-four did. (Women, African-Americans, and Native Americans could not yet vote) 2. More officials, such as judges, were elected rather than appointed. 3. In all states except two, presidential electors were chosen by the people rather then state legislatures.office without experiance, so he advocated ) rotation in office, and 2) the spoils system: rewarding political supporters with public office. VAT Meaus sia Even we A GoveRnner WoB, Luke py ene WHATS THe “SPOS System") ip agred with Webster's strong defense of national sovereignty, TY AND UNION, NOW AND FOREVER, ONE” AND_INSEPARABLEJ) arguing that the bank favored the rich and denied common people equal economic opportunity. (Would Jefferson have approved?) Jckson transferred goverament deposits to selected state banks (called “pet banks” by Jackson's opponents). At o Jefferson Day Diner tanpers flared as Jackson gave 2 toast to ational it and 2 veled waring to Calhoun. With South Caroline claiming the rights of nullification end secession, imight there be @ civil war in the 1830s? South Caroline nulfied the Triffs of 1828 and 1832 ond threatened to secede Cofficily withdraw) from the Unon if challenged. “ruress quickly essed the Free Bil, euthorzing miltary action to h. ce the tariff. Jackson threatened to lead the army aginst South [Caroline and hang John C. Calhoun. South Caroline avoided civil war by accepting the 1833 Compromise Tariff but turned right around and nullifed the Force Bill! BOLT cr ana Could South Carolina mulify Cdeclere invalid) « federal law it considered unconstitutional? “ABSOLUTELY! seid John C, Calhoun of South Carolina in hs 1826 "South Caroling Exposition and Protest.” This document. ‘state has 8 right to judge whether | Law passed by Congress is constitutional Calhoun (vice president 1825-32) thus challenged the Union with @ doctrine of states’ ridhts, that is, state sovreity TROUBLE LIES ANEAD! ‘OUR UNION? IT MUST BE PRESERVED! Both sides claimed victory and seved face.Cea ato [> GEORGIA AND THE CHEROKEE INDIANS—Meanuhile in 1826 gold} PRESIDENTIAL DEFIANCE™-It's the president's duty to enfore the uns discovered on Cherokee land in Georgia, land quarenteed the laws. But Jeckson refused to enforce Marshall's ruling, and Georgia “Tcherokees by federal treaty in 1791. In 1630 Georgia tried to force J took over the Cherokee land. The Cherokees ceded their lad rights Cherokee removal by claiming ownership of this land. The Cherokees | to the United States for $5,000,000 and, in 1838, moved to Indian sued, and Supreme Court Territory, Chief Justice John Marshall THEREFORE FIN TAERSHBUL WAS MADE WS DECISION. © Prue in the oan Under the Indian Removal Act most of the 125,000 Native Americans east of the Mississippi River were pressured to cele nar ancestral lands to the United States and move to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and Kensas). The Bleck Hawk War in Illinois and the Seminole War in Florida were futile resistance attempts. ‘Jackson's Indian removal policy culminated in 1838 when federal troops marched 15,000 Cherokee Indians to Indian Territory; about 4,000 Cherokees died on this sorrowful treil, called the Trail of Tears. 1838—Congressman Jokn Quincy Adams Gormer president) expressed outrage: E=] CHEROKEE CHICKASAW EEE woian Teeeirony te cHocraw eckson and Congress justified lian E=] SEMINOLE SHAWNEE o> MIAMI — POTAWATOMI