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To form the plural of a noun, we generally add an “s”: cup—cups; dog—dogs; cat—cats.
If the noun ends in –s, -ss, -x ,-ch, -tch, -sh and-o, we add the ending –es: church-churches; box-
boxes.
Yet there are some exceptions: piano—pianos, photo—photos; video— videos, disco-discos.
For words ending in –f and –fe, in order to make plural we follow the next rule. We change
- f or -fe to -v before adding -es, e.g. leaf - leaves.
The exceptions are: roof - roofs, proof-proofs, chief - chiefs, belief - beliefs, chef - chefs,
cafe - cafes,
handkerchief - handkerchiefs, safe - safes.
If the noun ends is –y that is preceded by a vowel, do not make any changes when adding –s, e.g.
toy-toys.
If the letter –y is preceded by a consonant, change -y to -i before adding-es, e.g. lady- ladies.
IRREGULAR PLURALS
Irregular plurals are plural word forms that don't follow any of the plural rules.
Person—people, man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, mouse—
mice, deer—deer, sheep—sheep, fish—fish, fruit—fruit.
Some nouns are always plural (things that come in pairs):
Pants clothes jeans trousers shorts pajamas glasses scissors mathematics etc.