GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Akyi : Kachin village headman, usually by republican/

gumlao village.

Amat Councillor in Shan Sawbwas Court.

Bo : Burmese, captain or leader, as most resista

leaders were called.
Bo-hmumin tha : Burmese Resident in Shan States.

Bum/Pum : Mountain or mountain range

Chiang/ Chaung : Kachin/ Jinghpaw for river, generally as suffix.

Da : A Machete for cutting and as a weapon

Darbar : Court of an India Province, here used as formal

gathering.

Duwa : Kachin Chief

Einshemin : Heir apparent, lit., "lord of the eastern home".

Gaung : Head person of a village.

Haw : Shan palace.

Hein : Official Shan/ chief of a division in Kareni

Jaiwa : Kachin Priest.

Kahtawng :A number of villages in a Kachin village cluster

Kale : Foreigner, generally referring to Indians.

Kayaing : Administrative district.

Kha : River.

Kwoon Koon : Loose Chin settlement.

Kyang : Burmese monastery.

Kumlao (gumlao) : Republican Kachin village, village with no chief.

Kumsa (gumsa) : Kachin villages under chiefs.

Manao : Kachin feast or darbar.

Mare : Kachin village cluster

Maung : Hereditary Burmese way of addressing, equiva

to English, 'mister'.
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Mawok : Burmese official/ or representative at jade mines.

Min : Burmese Prince.

Mong : Shan, State or district, Mung in Kachin.
Myo : Tovra/ district.
Myook : Town officer.
Myosa : lit., "eater of a myo", ie., one who enjoys the
revenue/ fief holder.
Myothugyi : Head of a town.
Myowun : Governor, usually from Burmese royal family.
Nam : Shan, water, prefix for rivers.
Nat : Spirits, good and evil.
Naora :Hall for gathering or community dancing.
Pawmaing : Kachin, village head or representative, from Shan
Paw Mong, lit, "father of the mong"/ senior amat.
Pongyi : Buddhist monk, lit, "great glory".
Sanad : Patent / appointment order
Sawbwa : (chao pa), Sao pha, Shan Chief, head of a Mong.
Salang : Village head/ representative.
Sepoys : Hind, soldier of the Indian army.
Sitke : Junior administrative/ military officer.
Taungya : Slash-bum shifting hill cultivation, yTzM/w in North-
Eastem India.
Taik thugyi : Circle headman.
Tatbo : Chinese commander of outpost in Yunnan.
Thatmetha : Upper Burma, tax on non-agricultural income.
Thugyi : Headman.

Wun : Governor/ district head/ high official.

Wundauk : Assistant to Wun, lit, supporter or prop pf wun.
Yi : Kachin, taungya.