THE HUMAN BODY

 Bones
THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM  Joints
 Muscles

- Short (wide, anchos) provide support and stability. Backs, hands and feet.
BONES - Flat (flat, planos) protect our internal organs. Ribs
 Long (strong, fuertes) are used for movement. Arms and legs

 Bones are made of hard tissue Function: to give shape, support the
body and protect the internal organs
Skeleton
 Cartilage is made of flexible tissue (ear, nose)
Skeleton and Muscles work together to move

- Fixed joints don’t move. Skull

JOINTS - Semi-flexible joints allow a little movement. Vertebrae
 In one direction
Function:
Connect our bones - Flexible joints allow our body to move
 In all direction

Joints: knee, hip, wrist, elbow, shoulder, vertebrae

Ligament strong and elastic band of tissue connect bones at a joint. Flexible cartilage protects the
ends of these bones
 Spine supports the weight of the body and helps us to stand up straight. It’s important, especially
when we are growing, To have the correct posture
- Fracture is a broken bone
Accident - Sprain is when we tear a ligament
Bones and Joint

- Dislocation is when a bone is moved from its normal position in a joint

- Doing exercise and wearing the correct protection

Protection - Balanced diet
- Eating food with a lot of vitamins and minerals (calcium)

 Voluntary are controlled by our brain. This sends a signal when we want to move
MUSCLES
 Involuntary muscles, they move automatically. Heart
There are over six hundred muscles in the human body Function: to give shape, to move and
The muscles are made up of muscle fibres protect the internal organs

The muscles respond to the nervous system by contracting and relaxing

Tendons are tissues that connect muscles to bones

Actions and Muscles

Stretch and bend our arm (estirar y doblar el brazo):
Bend down (inclinarse):
Chew food (masticar):
Move our head and shoulders (mover nuestra cabeza y hombros):
Wave (agitar mano):
Shake our head (agitar la cabeza)
Bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons form the musculoskeletal system
  Central nervous system: brain and
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM spinal cord

 Peripheral nervous system: nerves

The nervous system receives and responds to information from the five
sense organs. It controls the working of the internal organs and body
systems. The nervous system also produces reflex actions which are
spontaneous reactions that protect our body from danger.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Brain is the control centre:
▫ Cerebrum (the biggest part) controls voluntary movements
(dancing)
▫ Cerebellum controls balance, movement and coordination
▫ Brain stem controls involuntary movements (respiration). It connects the brain to the
spinal cord.
 Spinal cord controls reflex actions. It is made up of nerve tissue and It is protected by the
vertebrae.
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Nerves are made up of neurons.
Millions of neurons are all connected by tiny branches.
Messages travel along neurons to and from our brain.

THE SENSES
Our sense organs detect information form the environment and neurons transmit this information to
our brain.
 Sight (eye): pupil (pupila)
 Hearing (ear): eardrum (timpano)
 Smell (nose): nostrils (fossa nasales)
 Taste (tongue): taste bud (papilas gustativas)
 Touch (skin): epidermis (epidermis)