Angiosperms plants

PRACTICAL REPORTS
The course is structured to meet the task of English for Biology
Lecture by Mrs. Nuning Wulandari

Oleh
Group 5/ Off H
Anandayu dwi arini 110341421584
Ida Nurpitasari 150342604029
Khomisatut Thoyibah 150342604725
Solichatul Afifah 150342603789
Sugi Hartono 150342608273

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
JURUSAN BIOLOGI
NOPEMBER 2015
 The Difference Between Dycots and Monocots Angiospermae Plants

Wulandari, N., Nurpitasari, I., Arini A.D., Afifah, S., Thoyibah, C., & Hartono, S.
FMIPA State Univercity of Malang
E-mail: nurpitaida@gmail.com

ABSTRAC
Angiosperm plants can be classification into monocots and dycots.. There
are 6 characteristics we will use to compare Monocots and Dicots. They are
Cotyledon, Flower parts,Type of stems, Venation in leaves,Type of root system
and Arrangement of vascular tissue. Methods to observation need materials and
tools. The materials is Palm plant, Ground orchid plant, Mango plant and
Sapodilla plant. First work procedurs is prepare tools and materials, second
Identification morphology palm plant, Ground orchid plant, Mango plant and
Sapodilla plant from root to leave, and then Record the identification and draw
The observation was conducted to understand the definition of
angiosperms, determine the characteristics of angiosperms plants and determine
the characteristics of plants monocots and dicots
The observation showed that exposed Angiosperm plants are the are the
flowering plants. Characteristics of angiosperms plants is dedicate an entire
section on flower, live in a wide variety of environments, produce seeds that are
covered or enclosed within an ovary when mature the ovary constitute the fruit.
Characteristics of monocotsis have only 1 cotyledon, flower parts that are in 3’s,
have leaves with parallel venation, usually possess vascular tissue in scattered
bundles in stem, usually possess a fibrous root system. Characteristics of dicots is
have 2 cotyledons, have flower parts that occur in 4’s or 5’s, usually have leaves
with net venation, usually possess vascular tissue that occurs in bundles in a ring
or star formation in the stems, usually possess a taproot system.

Keyword : Dicots, Monocots, Cotyledon, Flower parts, Vascular tissue.

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Objective of research
1. to understand the definition of angiosperms
2. to determine the characteristics of angiosperms plants
3. to determine the characteristics of plants monocots and dicots

B. Introduction
1. Angiosperms

The flowering plants originated about 120 to 130 million years ago. Since
then, they have steadly increased in number of species and diversity. Today, they
outnumber all other groups of plants put together. About 260,000 species of
flowering plants have been described, and many new species are being described
every year. This is the “ age of the angiosperms.” As we have seen, these plants
are known as angiosperms because their ovules are found within a protective
structure (Greek, angio.vessel) that is lacking in the gymnosperms.
In the past flowering plants profoundly influenced the evolution of major
animal groups such as insects, birds, and mammals. In more recent times it was
the domestication of the flowering plants, some 10,000nto 18,000 years ago, that
was responsible for the very rise of human civilizations. The angiosperms are now
totally indispensable for the survival of most animals and human beings. The
entire world population depends on a handful of cereal grasses (wheat, rice,
maize, and others) for its survival. Our vegetables, pulses, fruits, oil, timber,
fibers, beverages, spices, drugs, rubber, and fodder are mostly derived from the
flowering plants. Not as easily appreciated, but nevertheless of great importance,
is the role that flowering plants play in our cultural, religious, and esthetic life.
The large number of species,enourmous diversity, and importance to human
welfare are factors responsible for thr great past and presents interest in the study
of flowering plants.
2. The Characteristics of Angiosperms

The major characteristics of angiosperms :

a. Angiosperms are the flowering plants. We will dedicate an entire section on
flower.
b. There are over 240,000 known species of angiosperms. This is 6 times the
number of species of all other plant group combined.
c. Angiosperms live in a wide variety of environments, from fresh water to the
desert and from the very cold regions to the very hot tropical regions.
d. Angiosperms range in size to the very small, almost microscopic duckweed to
Eucalyptus trees over 300 feet tall.
e. The dominant life stage in alternation of generations is the diploid sporophyte.
f. The haploid gametophyte is small, without clorophyll, and dependent on the
sporophyte.
g. Angiosperms are heterosporous and produce microspore and megaspores.
h. Angiosperms produce seeds that are covered or enclosed within an ovary.
When mature the ovary constitute the fruit.
i. Angiosperms are vascular plants and posses xylem and phloem.
j. Angiospems posses true leaves, true stems, and true roots.
1) Leaves
a) Leaves arise from terminal growing point of the stem
b) Blade of the leaf may be attached directly to the stem called a sessile leaf
c) Blade of leaf often attached to leaf by a stalk called a petiole
d) Leaves may be simple or compound
e) Leaves usually posses stomata and cuticle
2) Stems
a) In most plants, stems form the main axis of the plant body
b) Stems normally posses nodes and internode
(1) Node – where leaves are attached to the stems
(2) Internode – region between nodes
c) Stems may be herbaceous or woody
d) Herbaceous stems are:
(1) soft
(2) usually small in diameter
(3) usually green
 (4) posses few hard tissues
(5) are chiefly annuals
e) Woody stems are :
(1) Tough and hard
(2) Larger in diameter
(3) Are not green
(4) Have well developed hard tissues (fibers)
(5) Are chiefly perennials
f) There are 3 principal function of stems
(1) Production and support of leaves and flowers
(2) The conduction of subtances ( presence of xylem and phloem)
(3) Storage of foods and water
3) Roots
a) There are 2 types of roots system in plants
(1) Taproot system
 there is a single, main primary root that is distinctly larger than the
secondary roots
(2) fibrous (diffuse) root system
 root system comprised of numerous slender roots, most of which are
equal in size
 there is no single main root larger than the others
b) Function of roots
(1) Anchorage and support of the plant
(2) Absorption of water and dissolved minerals
(3) Conduction of subtances trough the roots
(4) Storage of foods

3. MONOCOTS AND DICOTS PLANTS

Angiosperms are divided into 2 classes, the Monocots and Dicots. There
are 6 characteristics we will use to compare Monocots and Dicots. They are :
1) Cotyledon
 a) A cotyledon is defined as a seed leaf for the embryo of a flowering plant. It
provides nutrients for the developing plant embryo before photosythesis
begins.
b) Monocots have only 1 cotyledon.
c) Dicots have 2 cotyledons
2) Flower parts
a) Monocots have flower parts that are in 3’s multiple of 3’s.
b) Dicots have flower parts that occur in 4’s or 5’s or in multiples of 4’s or 5’s.
3) Type of stems
a) Monocots usually have herbaceous stems
b) Dicots may have either herbaceous or woody stems
4) Venation in leaves
a) Monocots usually have leaves with parallel venation.
b) Dicots usually have leaves with net venation.
5) Arrangement and structure of vascular tissue
a) Monocots usually possess vascular tissue in scattered bundles in stem
b) Dicots usually possess vascular tissue that occurs in bundles in a ring or star
formation in the stems.
6) Type of root system
a) Monocots usually possess a fibrous root system
b) Dicots usually possess a taproot system
 Examples of monocot are most grasses, corn, sorghum, wheat, etc
 Examples of dicots are beans, potatoes, mango’s tree, etc
 CHAPTER II
METHODS

A. Materials & Tools

Materials
 Palm plant
 Ground orchid plant
 Mango plant
 Sapodilla plant
Tools
 Stationery
 Camera
 Cutter

B. Work Procedurs
Prepare tools and materials

Identification morphology palm plant from root to leave

Record the identification and draw

Identification morphology ground orchid plant from root to leave

Record the identification and draw

Identification morphology palm mango plant from root to leave

Record the identification and draw

Identification morphology palm Sapodilla plant from root to leave

Record the identification and draw

 CHAPTER III
DATA
Angiosperm Plants
Angiosperm plants can be classification into two species names monocotyle and
dicotyle plants.
Monocotyle
PALM
 Seed have only one cotyledon
 Petals have multiples of three
 growth lengthwise
 Leaf are parallel – veined
 fibrous roots
 wood trunked
 complex leaf
 their stem is unbranced
 they have segment stem
 cambium is absen in their stem
and roots
 their seed is single
 the shape of leaf is ribbon
ORCHID
 Seed have only one cotyledon
 Petals have multiples of three
 growth lengthwise
 Left are parallel – veined
 fibrous roots
 wet trunked
 simple leaf
 their stem is unbranced
 they have segment stem
 cambium is absen in their stem
and roots
 their seed is single
 the shape of leaf is ribbon
Dicotyle
SAWO
 seed have two cotyledon
 wood trunked
 simple leaf
 leaf are pinnate – veined
 cambium is present in their
stem and roots
 tap root
 secondary growth
 stem is branced
 seed is protected by pulp
 petals have multiples of five
MANGO
 seed have two cotyledon
 simple leaf
 wood trunked
 leaf are pinnate – veined
 cambium is present in their
stem and roots
 tap root
 secondary growth
 stem is branced
 seed is protected by pulp
 petals have multiples of five
 CHAPTER IV
RESULT

Based on the number of pieces seeds Angiosperm plants (seed plants losed)
divided by two, monocotyle and dicotyle. For example,palm and ground orchid to
monocotyle. Plant sawo (sapodila) plants and mango plants to dycotyle
Morphologi of palm,have one cotyledone in each seed,have petal in multiples
of there, growth lengthwise ,have bones pararel leaf or curved leaf,fibrous root
segmented rod,do not have a stem and root cambium ,single seeds and leaf shape
ribben while the morphology of ground orchid, have petals in multiples of
three,growth lengtwish,have bones parallel leaf or curved leaf ,fibrous root, wet
trunked,stem unbranched,segmented rod,leaf shape ribbon,bears into pieces one,a
single leaf
Morphology of sawo plants,have 2 cotyledone in each seed,bone pinnate
leaves,have a stem and root cambium,tap root,secondary growth,covered seed
pulp,the stem is branched to the stem segment that are not clear,while morphology
of mango plants,have 2 cotyledone in aech seed,single leaves (simple leaves),bone
pinnate leaves,top root,stem branched with segment unclear ,have a stem and root
cambium,secondary growth,covered seed pulp,the flower compound and heave
petals in multiples of 5 and woody stem
Classification of the flowering plants or angiosperms are divided into two
major groups were first published by John Ray in 1683,and later by botanist
Antoine Laurent de Jussreu pa. With about 275000 leaves spesies,so far the
angiosperm is the most many different groups of plants and the most widespread.
Angiosperms expors divide into 2 classes:monocots so named because cotyledone
(pieces of seed leaf) only one and dicots has two cotyledone (campble,2008).
From the result of research,obtained angiosperm plants monocots and dicots. The
object of this conversation is the use of palm plants and ground orchid to
monocots sapodilla (sawo) plants and mabgo plants to dicots. Morphology of
palm plants and ground orchid is the same,because the same as monocots include
have one cotyledone in each seed,have petals in multiple 3,growth
kingthwise,have bones parallel leaf or curved leaf,fibrous roots,has compounds
leaves,stem unbranched the rod is segmented,do not have a stem and root
cambium,,single seeds and leaf heps ribbon. Monocots are known to have
adventitious roots,while dicots have rodikula place where the roots grow fibrous
root system,with same branching roots grow from the stem. Secondary growth is
found in dicots but absent in work and bark stems and roots do not have the
cambium so it can not happen secondary growth and will not grow larger. There
are different stem violence between stem palm plants and ground orchid. Palm
plants have woody stem but ground orchid have wet trunked (nonwoody stem)
and in general woody stem do not have in monocots but palm plants have woody
stem. There are some exception to this classification. Some species ,including
monocots can have characters like dicots,because both groups have same lineage.
In accordance with the opinion ”Plants monocots have characteristics unbranched
stems,non-cambium,fibrous root,parallel or curved leaf veins and strong then the
bonds of the cochlea. Monocots plants do not have branches,closed vascular
bundles,non-cambium,had root fiber,beans into pieces one,and the number of
seeds three” (Saktiyono,1989). Morphology of sawo (sapodilla) plants and
manggo plants is the same,because the same of dicots include have 2 cotyledonein
each seed,single leave (simple leaves),bone pinnate leaves,have a stem and root
cambium,tap root secondary growth,coveredseed pulp,the stem is branched to the
stem segment that are not clear ,seed into pieces split in to,the flower
compounds,woody stem,have petals in multiples of two or five,and the mango
plant we had observed is five. Dicots have a taproot system tapering
roots,thatground downward and has other roots growing laterally from the tap
root. Secondary growth is found in dicots but absent in monocots. Secondary
growth helps in production of wood and bark. Here are some export opinion in
according with research:
“Dicotyledone plants are plants that have seeds into pieces two which is a branch
from the plant angiosperms. Charcteristic of dicotyledonous plants are branching
taproot ,have cambium,has pinnate leaves and vascular bundles open coleteral”
(Kimball,1992)
“Despite the problems with recognizing basal angiosperm taxa,the conventioned
distruction between dicotyledones and monocotyledones are skill quite useful.
The main morphological differences between monocotyledones and dicotyledones
glodons are,respectively,embryo with a single cotyledon vs embryowith two
cotyledons. It is trunks to the extreme plasticity of their vegetative and
reproductive organs that angiosperms have become so widels and succesfully
estoblished their geneas was the ultimate link in the angoing chain of evolution of
our planets plant kingdom it is universally agreed that monocotyledons are
devived from primitive dicotyledons,and that monocotyledons must follow rather
than precede dicotyledonsin any proper linear sequence few cendusrons have been
published by botanist as to wish traits are more advanced or more primitive
(Bongneuran,2011)
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUTION

1. Angiosperm pants are the are the flowering plants

2. Characteristics of angiosperms plants: dedicate an entire section on flower,
angiosperms live in a wide variety of environments, from fresh water to the
desert and from the very cold regions to the very hot tropical regions,
angiosperms produce seeds that are covered or enclosed within an ovary when
mature the ovary constitute the fruit.
3. Characteristics of monocots: have only 1 cotyledon, flower parts that are in 3’s
multiple of 3’s, have leaves with parallel venation, usually possess vascular
tissue in scattered bundles in stem, usually possess a fibrous root system.
4. Characteristics of dicots: have 2 cotyledons, have flower parts that occur in 4’s
or 5’s or in multiples of 4’s or 5’s, usually have leaves with net venation,
usually possess vascular tissue that occurs in bundles in a ring or star formation
in the stems, usually possess a taproot system.
 REFERENCE

Hasanah,Riska.2014.Laporan 1 Jaringan pada Akar dan Batang Tumbuhan

Monokotil dan Dikotil ( Online ).
Http://www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/244575918?width=480.
Accesed on 1 November 2015.
Kimball,J.1992.Biologi.Jakarta : Erlangga.Kaufman,Peter B.1989.PLANTS Their
Biology and Importance.New York : HARPER & ROW Publisher.
Saktiyono.1989.Biologi 2.Jakarta : Bumi Aksara.
Wiryawan,Ajierizky.2013.Jaringan pada Tumbuhan Monokotil dan Dikotil
(Online).Http://ajierizkynabawiirawan.blogspot.com/2013/09/jaringanpada
-tumbuhan-monokotil-dan-dikotil.html.Accesed on 31 Oktober 2015.