DESIGNER(S): DEL MAR, JANUS KING SM.

DIEZ, JUDY ANNE

RABOY, VON ADRIAN
SALAZAR, LEANILLE GRACE
TORREFIEL, JOHN CHRISTOPHER A.

Equipment Tag: M-01

Equipment Description: API corrugated flat plate separator
Calculation Sheet No: 2018-MBM01

DESCRIPTION

The oil and grease present in the incoming wastewater is reduced by 85% using an oil and grease remover.

ASSUMPTION(S)/BASIS
1. The efficiency of the process to remove oil and grease is 78%.

NOMENCLATURE(S)
Symbol or Notation Description
𝑀̇ Mass flow rate (kg/d)
𝑂𝐺 Oil and grease
Subscripts
𝑟 Removed
𝑖 In
𝑜 Out

CALCULATIONS

The amount of oil and grease that will be removed in the API corrugated flat plate separator is based on the
assumed efficiency of the process which is 78% while the remaining 22% of the oil and grease will remain in
the effluent of the process.

𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑟 = 0.78𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑖 Equation C1-1

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑟 = 0.78 (136.26 ) = 106.28
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑

𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑜 = 0.12𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑖 Equation C1-2

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑀̇𝑂𝐺,𝑜 = 0.12 (136.26 ) = 29.98
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The API corrugated flat plate separator operating at an efficiency of 78% for the removal of oil and grease will
be able to remove 106.28 kg/d of oil and grease resulting to an outlet stream containing only 29.98 kg/d of oil
and grease.

COMPUTER PROGRAMS USED (Version No.) Microsoft Office 360 EXCEL

ELECTRONIC CALCULATION FILE NAME: CHE524N Mass Balance - 01020618.xlsx

CHKD APPVD
REV DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION BY
BY BY
A 02/06/2018 Initial mass balance JKSMDM
DESIGNER(S): DEL MAR, JANUS KING SM.
DIEZ, JUDY ANNE
RABOY, VON ADRIAN
SALAZAR, LEANILLE GRACE
TORREFIEL, JOHN CHRISTOPHER A.

Equipment Tag: M-02

Equipment Description: Equalization tank
Calculation Sheet No: 2018-MBM02

DESCRIPTION

Neutralization of the wastewater to a pH of 7.00 from a pH of 10.00, which is the desired pH for the downstream
biological treatment using activated sludge, by adding 28% hydrochloric acid solution.

Now at the desired pH, the resulting wastewater stream will be carried over to the downstream biological
process for removal of organics through the activated sludge process.

ASSUMPTION(S)/BASIS
1. Air supplied for aeration in both the equalization and neutralization tank is composed of 21 moles
(or 23.3g 02 per 100 g air) oxygen gas and 79 moles (76.7g N2 per 100g air) of nitrogen gas.
2. Nitrogen gas in the air is inert and does not react nor become part of the wastewater while oxygen
gas added is accounted as part of the dissolved oxygen of the wastewater.
3. The air supplied to both the equalization and neutralization tank is at standard temperature and
pressure and has a density of 1.20kg/m3.
4. The amount of hydrochloric acid that will be added will be based on the amount of hydronium ion
needed to be added to lower the pH to the target pH of 10.00.

NOMENCLATURE(S)
Symbol or Notation Description
𝑀̇ Mass flow rate (kg/d)
𝜌 Density
Subscripts
𝑤𝑤 Wastewater
𝑎𝑖𝑟 Air
𝑂 Oxygen gas
𝑁 Nitrogen gas
𝑊 Water
𝐻𝐶𝑙 Hydrochloric acid
𝐶𝑙 − Chloride ion
𝐻 Hydronium ion
𝑖𝑛 Inlet
𝑡𝑎𝑟 Target
𝑠𝑜𝑙′𝑛 Solution
𝑎𝑑𝑑 Added
CALCULATIONS

Aeration in Equalization tank

The equalization tank in Pepsi Cola Products, Philippines Incorporated is aerated at a volumetric flowrate of
3.40 m3/h to simulate a well-mixed condition in the tank. This then tend to add nitrogen and oxygen gas in the
wastewater. From the volumetric flowrate, the mass flowrate of air added per day will be calculated.
𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 24𝜙𝑉 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 Equation C2-1
3
𝑚 𝑎𝑖𝑟 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠 1.20 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = (3.4 )( )( 3
) = 5895.27
ℎ𝑟 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑚 𝑑
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.233𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.233 (5895.27 ) = 1373.60
𝑑 𝑚3
𝑚̇𝑁,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.767𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.767 (5895.27 ) = 4521.67
𝑑 𝑚3

Neutralization
To determine the amount of neutralizing agent, hydrochloric acid, that should be added to the wastewater to
achieve the desired pH of 10.00, the initial and target amount of hydrogen ions should first be calculated.
𝐶𝐻,𝑖𝑛 = 10−𝑝𝐻𝑖𝑛 Equation C2-2
𝐶𝐻,𝑖𝑛 = 10−10 = 1.00𝑥10−10 𝑀
𝐶𝐻,𝑡𝑎𝑟 = 10−𝑝𝐻𝑡𝑎𝑟 Equation C2-3
𝐶𝐻,𝑡𝑎𝑟 = 10−7 = 1.00𝑥10−7 𝑀

From the concentration of hydrogen ions of the influent and effluent streams, to achieve the desired amount of
hydrogen ions, the neutralizing agent should be added with an amount equal to the difference of the target and
inlet amount of hydrogen ions.
𝐶𝐻, 𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐻,𝑡𝑎𝑟 − 𝐶𝐻,𝑖𝑛 Equation C2-4
−10 −7 −8
𝐶𝐻, 𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 1.00𝑥10 𝑀 − 1.00𝑥10 𝑀 = 9.99𝑥10 𝑀

From the added hydrogen ion, the amount of hydrogen ion added in terms of kg/d can be calculated.
𝑚̇𝐻,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 24𝐶𝐻,𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝜙𝑉 𝑤𝑤 𝑀𝑊𝐻 + Equation C2-5
9.99𝑥10−8 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 + 1000𝐿 113.55𝑚3 24ℎ𝑟𝑠 1.01𝑔 𝐻 + 1𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝐻,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = ( )( 3
)( )( )( +
)( )
𝐿 𝑤𝑤 𝑚 ℎ𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 1000𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝐻 +
𝑚̇𝐻,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.000275
𝑑

From the mass flowrate of the added hydrogen ion, the mass flowrate of hydrochloric acid solution in terms of
kg/d will be calculated.

𝑚̇𝐻𝐶𝑙,𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑊𝐻𝐶𝑙
𝑚̇𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙′ 𝑛,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = Equation C2-6
% 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑀𝑊𝐻 + ( 100 )
𝑘𝑔 𝐻 + 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻+ 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙 36.46 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 100 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙 ′ 𝑛
𝑚̇𝐻𝐶𝑙,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = (0.000275 )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
𝑑 1.01 𝑘𝑔 𝐻+ 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 + 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻𝐶𝑙 27.90 𝑘𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐻𝐶𝑙
 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙 ′ 𝑛
𝑚̇ 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙′ 𝑛,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.035578
𝑑

From the mass flowrate of the added hydrochloric acid solution, the mass flowrate of water in the hydrochloric
acid solution in terms of kg/d will be calculated.
%𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑚̇𝑊, 𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝑚̇𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙′ 𝑛,𝑎𝑑𝑑 (1 − ) Equation C2-7
100
𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙 ′ 𝑛 27.90 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2 𝑂
𝑚̇𝑊, 𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.035578 (1 − ) = 0.025651
𝑑 100 𝑑

From the mass flowrate of the added hydrogen ion, the mass flowrate of chloride ion in terms of kg/d will be
calculated.
𝑚̇𝐻,𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝑀𝑊𝐶𝑙−
𝑚̇𝐶𝑙−,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = Equation C2-8
𝑀𝑊𝐻 +
𝑘𝑔 𝐻 + 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻+ 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑙 − 35.45 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑙 −
𝑚̇𝐶𝑙−,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = (0.000275 )( )( )( )
𝑑 1.01 𝑘𝑔 𝐻+ 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻 + 1 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑙 −
𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑙 −
𝑚̇ 𝐶𝑙 − ,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.009651
𝑑

Aeration in Neutralization tank

The neutralization tank in Pepsi Cola Products, Philippines Incorporated is aerated at a volumetric flowrate of
1.54 m3/h to simulate a well-mixed condition in the tank. This then tend to add nitrogen and oxygen gas in the
wastewater. From the volumetric flowrate, the mass flowrate of air added per day will be calculated.
𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 24𝜙𝑉 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑚3 𝑎𝑖𝑟 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠 1.20 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = (1.54 )( )( ) = 2677.15
ℎ𝑟 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑚3 𝑑
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.233𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.233 (2677.15 ) = 623.78
𝑑 𝑚3
𝑚̇𝑁,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.767𝑚̇𝑎𝑖𝑟,𝑎𝑑𝑑
𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑘𝑔 𝑁2
𝑚̇𝑂,𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 0.767 (2677.15 ) = 2053.37
𝑑 𝑚3

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

COMPUTER PROGRAMS USED (Version No.) Microsoft Office 360 EXCEL

ELECTRONIC CALCULATION FILE NAME: CHE524N Mass Balance - 01020618.xlsx

CHKD APPVD
REV DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION BY
BY BY
A 02/06/2018 Initial mass balance JKSMDM