2017 HSC

Trial Examination

Mathematics Extension 1

General Instructions Total marks – 70

 Reading time – 5 minutes Section I Pages 2 – 4
 Working time – 2 hours 10 marks
 Write using black or blue pen  Attempt Questions 1 – 10
 Board-approved calculators may be  Allow about 15 minutes for this section
used
 A reference sheet is provided at the Section II Pages 5 – 10
back of this paper 60 marks
 In Questions 11 – 14, show  Attempt Questions 11 – 14
relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations  Allow about 1 hours and 45 minutes for this
section
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer page in the writing booklet for Questions 1 – 10.

1 How many arrangements of the word GEOMETRY are possible if the letters T
and R are to be together?

7!
(A) 2  6! (B) 2  7! (C) 7! (D)
2!

sin 2  sin 
2 is equivalent to:
cos 2  cos   1

(A) cot  (B) sec  (C) sin  (D) tan 

The diagram above shows the graph of:

(A) y  sin 1  x  1 (B) y  sin 1  x  1

 
(C) y  cos 1  x  1  (D) y  cos 1  x  1 
2 2

–2–
 8
4 Given that  and  are both acute angles, evaluate sin     if sin   and
17
4
sin   .
5

108 84 36 28
(A) (B) (C) (D)
85 85 85 85

 4 
5 The exact value of sin 1  sin  is:
 3 

4   4
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
3 3 3 3

6 In the diagram below, BC and DC are tangents to the circle at B and D respectively.

Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) 2    180 (B)     180

(C) 2    180 (D)   2   180

   

–3–
7 The roots of the equation x 3  5 x  6  0 are  ,  and  .

The value of      and the value of  are respectively:

(A) 5 and 6 (B) 5 and 6 (C) 0 and 6 (D) 0 and 6

8 A particle moves under simple harmonic motion such that its position x metres after
t 
t seconds is given by x  8sin    .
4 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) The maximum speed of the particle is 2 m/s.

(B) The maximum acceleration of the particle is 0.5 m/s².
(C) The particle takes 8 seconds to travel between the extremities of its motion.
(D) The particle is initially left of the origin.

1 dy
9 Given y  cos1   , the correct expression for is:
 x dx

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
x2  1 x x2  1 x2  1 x x2  1

10  
The solution to ln x 3  19  3ln  x  1 is:

(A) x  2 (B) x  3

(C) x  3 or x  2 (D) x  2 or x  3

End of Section I

–4–
Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in the appropriate section of the writing booklet. Extra writing paper is
available.

In Questions 11 – 14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 section of the writing booklet.

x
(a) Find  sin 2   dx . 2
2

 
(b) T 2t , t 2 is a point on the parabola x 2  4 y with focus S. The point P divides ST
internally in a ratio of 1: 2 .

(i) Find the coordinates of P in terms of t. 2

(ii) Hence show that as T moves on the parabola x 2  4 y , the locus of P is the 2
2
parabola 9 x  12 y  8 .

3
x2
(c) Using the substitution u 2  x  1 , where u  0 , to find  x 1
dx . 3
0

4
(d) Solve x  2  . 3
x 1

Question 11 continues over the page

–5–
Question 11 (continued)

(e) Consider the curve with equation y  esin x .

(i) Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x   has equation 2
x  y  1  0 .

5
(ii) Find the acute angle between the tangent in part (i) and the line y   x 5. 1
2
Give your answer to the nearest minute.

End of Question 11

–6–
Question 12 (15 marks) Use the Question 12 section of the writing booklet.

(a)
(i) Show that the graph of f  x   x 5  2 x  20 has only one x-intercept. 2

(ii) Confirm that f  x  has a real root between x  1 and x  2 . 1

(iii) Starting with x  1.5 , use one application of Newton’s method to find a 1
better approximation for this root. Write your answer correct to 2 decimal
places.

(b) A particle moves along the x-axis according to the equation x  6sin 2t  2 3 cos 2t ,
where x is in metres and t is in seconds.


(i) Express x in the form R sin  2t    where R  0 and 0    . 2
2

(ii) Show that the particle is moving in simple harmonic motion. 2

(iii) State the period of this particle’s motion. 1

(iv) When is the first time that the particle is 6 metres right of the origin? 2

(c) Bobby has a can of lemonade at a temperature of 23°C. He places this can in a fridge set
at a constant temperature of 3°C.

After t minutes, the temperature, c (in °C), of the can of lemonade satisfies the equation

dc 1
   c  3 .
dt 25

 t
(i) Show that c  3  ae 25 satisfies the above differential equation, where a is 1
a constant.

(ii) Bobby would like to drink the can of lemonade when its temperature is 5°C. 3
If he puts the can in the fridge at 8:50 a.m., what is the earliest time that he
should drink the can of lemonade? Give your answer to the nearest minute.

End of Question 12

–7–
Question 13 (15 marks) Use the Question 13 section of the writing booklet.

(a) A group of 10 people, consisting of 6 girls and 4 boys, decided to go to the movies
where they sit together in the same row. How many ways can the 10 people be seated in
a row if:

(i) there are no restrictions? 1

(ii) the 4 boys are all seated together? 2

(iii) at least one of the boys is separated from the other boys? 1

(b) Consider the equation y  1  x 2  x sin 1 x .

dy
(i) Find the expression for . 2
dx

1
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate  sin 1 x dx . 1
0

(c) A polynomial f  x  is given by the equation f  x   x  x  1  a  a  1  for some

constant a.

(i) Use the remainder theorem to find one factor of f  x  . 1

(ii) By division, or otherwise, express f  x  as a product of linear factors. 1

(d) Prove by mathematical induction that 4n  5n  6n is divisible by 15 for all odd 3

integers n  1 .

9
 3x 2 1 
(e) Find the term independent of x in the expansion of    . 3
 2 3x 

End of Question 13

–8–
Question 14 (15 marks) Use the Question 14 section of the writing booklet.

(a) The diagram below shows the cross-section of a sand bunker on a golf course. A golf
ball is lying at point P, at the middle of the bottom of the sand bunker. The sand bunker
is 8 metres wide and 1 metre deep at its deepest point, and is surrounded by level
ground. The point A is at the edge of the bunker, and the line AB lies on level ground.

The golf ball is hit towards A with an initial speed of 12 metres per second, at an angle of
elevation of  . The acceleration due to gravity is taken as 10 m/s².

It can be shown that the golf ball’s trajectory at time t seconds after being hit is defined
by the equations:

x  12t cos  and y  5t 2  12t sin   1 (Do NOT prove these.)
 
where x and y are the horizontal and vertical displacements (in metres) of the
golf ball from the origin O shown in the diagram.

(i) Given   30 , how far right of A will the golf ball land? 2

(ii) Find the maximum height above level ground reached by the ball if   30 . 2

(iii) Find the range of values of  , to the nearest minute, at which the golf ball 3
must be hit so that it will land on level ground to the right of A.

Question 14 continues over the page

–9–
Question 14 (continued)

(b) Triangle QST is inscribed in a circle. The tangent to the circle at T meets QS produced
at P. The line through S parallel to QT meets PT at R.

(i) Show that PST ||| PRS . 2

ST  PS
(ii) Hence show that PT  . 1
RS

(c)
(i) Using the substitution u  cos x , show that, for any constant k: 2


2
1
  cos x 
2k
sin x dx  .
0
2k  1

 
n
(ii) By noting that  sin x    sin x  1  cos2 x , show using the binomial
2 n 1
2
theorem that, for all positive integers n:


2 n
 1 
 sin x  dx    1 C r 
2 n 1 r n
.
0 r 0  2 r  1 


2

 sin x 
5
(iii) Use the result in part (ii) to evaluate dx . 1
0

End of Paper

– 10 –
 YEAR 12 TRIAL EXAMINATION 2017
MATHEMATICS EXTENSION 1
MARKING GUIDELINES

Section I
Multiple-choice Answer Key
Question Answer Question Answer
1 C 6 A
2 D 7 D
3 C 8 C
4 B 9 B
5 C 10 A

Questions 1 – 10

Sample solution
1. 7!
2 ways of arranging T and R, ways of arranging the group of 2 letters and the remaining letters (including the
2!
repeated E’s).
7!
Number of arrangements  2 
2!
 7!
2. sin 2  sin  2 sin  cos   sin 

cos 2  cos   1 2 cos 2  1  cos  1
sin   2 cos   1

cos   2 cos   1
 tan 

3. Simple translations of known graphs.

4. sin      sin  cos   cos  sin 
8 3 15 4
   
17 5 17 5
24 60
 
85 85
84

85
5.  4  1  3
sin 1  sin   sin   
 3   2 
   1 
  since   sin x  
3  2 2
6. Construct the angle subtended at the centre to yield 2 as
shown, then:

2    90  90  360  angle sum of a quadrilateral  360 

2    180
7. b d
        
a a
0 6
 
1 1
0  6
8. t  2
x  8sin    T
4 2 n
t  2
v  2 cos    
4 2 1
 
1 t  4
a   sin     8
2 4 2
1 t 
  8sin    Therefore, it only takes 4 seconds to travel from one extremity to the other.
16 4 2
2
1
   x
4
9. 1 dy dy du
u  
x dx du dx
du 1 1 1
 2   2
dx x 1
2 x
1  
x
y  cos 1  u  1

dy 1  1 
 x4 1  2 
du 1  u2  x 
1

x4  x2
1


x x2  1
2

1

x x2  1
10.  
ln x 3  19  3ln  x  1

ln  x  19   ln  x  1
3 3

x 3  19  x 3  3 x 2  3 x  1
0  3 x 2  3 x  18
0  x2  x  6
0   x  3 x  2 

x  2  as x  3 lies outside of the natural domain of the logarithmic functions given in the question 
Section II
Question 11

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(a) x 1  2 – correct solution
 sin   dx   1  cos x  dx
2

2 2  1 – uses an appropriate

1 trigonometric identity
  x  sin x   c
2
(b) (i) S   0, 1  2 – correct solution
 1 – finds the coordinates of S
S  0, 1 
T 2t , t 2 
1 : 2
 2  0  1  2t 2  1  1  t 2 
P , 
 3 3
 
 2t 2  t 2 
 , 
3 3 

(ii) 2t 3x  2 – correct solution
x  t
3 2  1 – attempts to eliminate the
2 parameter
 3x 
2 
y  2 
3
9 x2
2
 4
3
8  9 x2

12
12 y  8  9 x 2
12 y  8  9 x 2

(c) 3
x2
2
u2  1 u2  x  1  3 – correct solution
 x 1
dx  
u
 2 u du
dx  2 – correct integration
0 1 2u 
2 du  1 – attempts to switch
 u3  2udu  dx variables using the given
 2   u
 3 1 substitution
  23   13   When x  0, u  1 and
 2    2     1 
  3  3   when x  3, u  2.
20

3
Question 11 (continued)

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(d) 4  3 – correct solution
x2
x 1  2 – obtains the correct critical
 x  2  x  1  4  x  1
2 points
 1 – attempts to solve the
 x  1  x  2  x  1  4  0 inequation with an
 x  1  x 2  x  6   0 appropriate method

 x  1 x  3 x  2   0
 x  3 or 1  x  2  as x  1
(e) (i) y  esin x y  y1  m  x  x1   2 – correct solution
dy y  1  1 x     1 – obtains the point or the
 cos xesin x gradient of the tangent at
dx y 1  x   x 
x  y   1  0
When x   :
dy
y  esin   cos  esin 
dx
 e0
 1e0
1
 1

(ii) mT   1  5  1 – correct solution

1    
tan    2
 5
x y
 1 1   1    
2 5  2
y x 3
  1 
5 2 7
5 1  3
y  x   tan 1  
2 5 7
5  2312 '  nearest minute 
 m2  
2
Question 12

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(a) (i) f  x   x 5  2 x  20 f  0   05  2  0  20 f 10   105  2  10  20  2 – correct solution
– uses a graphical method
f   x   5x4  2   20  10000 with correct explanation
0 0 0  1 – correct expression for
f  x 
f  x  is a continuous function, with f  0   0 and f 10   0 ; since
– attempts to use a graphical
f   x   0 over the entire domain of f  x  , f  x  is a monotonically method
increasing function, and would therefore only cross the x-axis once.
(ii) f 1  15  2 1  20 f  2  25  2  2  20  1 – correct solution

 17  16

Since f  x  is a continuous function, with f 1  0 and f  2   0 , therefore

there exists a real root between x  1 and x  2 .
(iii) f  x0   1 – correct solution
x1  x0 
f   x0  – correct substitution into
Newton’s approximation
1.55  2  1.5  20 formula
 1.5 
5  1.54  2
 1.84  2 d.p. 

(b) (i) 6sin 2t  2 3 cos 2t  R sin  2t     2 – correct solution

 R sin 2t cos   R cos 2t sin   1 – finds either R or 
– expresses x in the correct
form
 R cos   6 and R sin   2 3

2 3
  tan  
2
R 2  62  2 3 6
 36  12 1

 48 3

R4 3  R  0 
6
 
 x  4 3 sin  2t  
 6
(ii)    2 – correct solution
x  4 3 sin  2t  
 6  1 – correct expression for a
 
v  8 3 cos  2t  
 6
 
a  16 3 sin  2t  
 6
 4 x
 22 x

Since acceleration is in the form  n 2 x , therefore the particle is moving in

simple harmonic motion.
 
Question 12 (continued)

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(b) (iii) 2  1 – correct solution
T
n
2

2
  seconds

(iv)    2 – correct solution

4 3 sin  2t    6
 6  1 – attempts to solve x  6
  6
sin  2t   
 6 4 3
3

2
 
2t  
6 3

2t 
2

t
4


Therefore, the particle first reached 6 metres right of the origin at
4
seconds.
(c) (i)  t  1 – correct solution
c  3  ae 25

dc 1 t
  ae 25
dt 25
1   t 
   3  ae 25  3 
25  
1
  c  3
25
(ii) When t  0 , c  23 :  3 – correct solution
 t  2 – finds the time taken for the
c  3  ae 25 can to cool down to 5C
23  3  ae0  1 – finds the value of a
20  a
 t
 c  3  20 e 25

c  5 when:
 t
5  3  20e 25

 t
2  20e 25

1  t
 e 25
10
t
10  e 25
t
ln10 
25
t  25ln10
 58 minutes  nearest minute 
Therefore, Bobby should drink the can at 9:48am.
Question 13

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(a) (i) 10!  3 628 800  1 – correct answer, or
equivalent expression
(ii) 4!  7!  120 960  2 – correct answer, or
equivalent expression
 1 – recognises the numerical
implication of the given
condition
(iii) At least one of the boys is separated implies the boys cannot be seated  1 – correct solution
together, therefore, the number of ways the 10 people can sit is:
3 628 800  120 960  3 507 840
(leaving it as a subtraction is ok)
(b) (i)
y  1  x 2  x sin 1 x  2 – correct solution
1  1 – correct derivative(s) for

 1 x2 2   x sin x 1 parts of the expression
1
dy 1
  x

 1  x2 2   2 x   sin 1 x 
dx 2 1  x2
x x
  sin 1 x 
2
1 x 1  x2
 sin 1 x
(ii) 1 1  1 – correct solution
 sin x dx   1  x  x sin x  0
1 2 1

  1  1  1sin 1   1  0
2 1 2
 0sin 1 0 

 1
2
(c) (i) f  x   x  x  1  a  a  1  1 – correct solution
f  a   a  a  1  a  a  1
NB. Many candidates did not
0
distinguish between roots /
  x  a  is a factor of f  x  . zeros of a function and factors
of a function:
x = a is a root / zero of f (x)
(x – a) is a factor of f (x)
(ii) x   a  1  1 – correct solution
xa x 2
 x  a  a  1

x 2  ax 
x 1  a   a  a  1
x  a  1  a  a  1 
0

 x  x  1  a  a  1   x  a  x  a  1
 

   
Question 13 (continued)

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(d) Let S  n  be the statement that 4n  5n  6n is divisible by 15.  3 – correct solution
 2 – uses the inductive
assumption appropriately
Initial case, S 1 : towards solution
 1 – verifies the initial case
41  51  61  15, clearly divisible by 15.
 S 1 is true. NB. Many candidates neglected to
define k.
Assume S  k  is true for some odd integer k :

i.e. 4k  5k  6k  15M , for some integer M .

Show S  k  2  is true :

i.e. 4k  2  5k 2  6k  2  15N , for some integer N .

LHS  4k  2  5k  2  6k  2
 42  4k  52  5k  62  6k
 
 16 15M  5k  6k  25  5k  36  6k
 15  16 M  16  5  25  5k  16  6k  36  6k
k

 15  16 M  9  5k  20  6k
 15  16 M  45  5k 1  120  6k 1

 15 16 M  3  5k 1  8  6k 1 
 15N , for some integer N  16 M  3  5k 1  8  6k 1

 S  k  2  is true if S  k  is assumed true for some odd integer k .

Since S 1 is shown true, and S  k  2  is true if S  k  is true, by the principle of

mathematical induction, S  n  is true for all odd integers n  1 .

(e)  3x 2 1 
9
9  3x 2 
9r r  3 – correct answer / simplified
 1 
  r
9
   C    expression
 2 3x  r 0  2   3x 
 2 – finds the condition for the
9 9r r r
 9  3
Cr  
2
x 
2 9 r  1  1 
   
 3  x 
constant term
 1 – identifies the general term
r 0
9 3  9 r 18 2 r of the expansion
  9C r  9 r   1 3 r
r x
xr
 
r 0 2 
92 r
r3 
9
  9C r  1  9  r  x183r
r 0 2 

92 r
r3 
Tr 1  9C r  1  9  r  x18 3r
2 
Term independent of x when 18  3r  0 , i.e. r  6
9  2 6
63 
T7  9C 6  1  9 6 
 2 
1 1
 9C 6  3  3
3 2
7

18
Question 14

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(a) (i) When   30 : y  0 when:  2 – correct solution
x  12t cos 30 2
y  5t  12t sin 30  1 5t 2  6t  1  0  1 – finds the total horizontal
displacement of the golf
 6 3t 2
 5t  6t  1 5t 2  6t  1  0 ball
5t 2  5t  t  1  0
5t  t  1   t  1  0
 t  1 5t  1  0
 
When t  1, x  6 3 ,  the golf ball lands 6 3  4 metres right of A.

(ii) y  5t 2  6t  1 3  2 – correct solution

y  0 when 10t  6  0 , ie. t  .
y  10t  6 5  1 – finds the time when vertical
velocity is zero
3
When t  :
5
2
 3 3
y  5     6   1
 5 5
4

5
4
Therefore, the golf ball reaches a maximum height of metres above level
5
ground.
(iii) Horizontally, the golf ball must reach A:  3 – correct solution
4  12t cos   2 – attempts to find 2 values of
1  that satisfy the given
t condition
3cos 
 1 – uses x  4 as a boundary
2
value
 1   1  – recognises y  0 for the
y  5    12   sin   1
 3cos    3cos   golf ball to land on level
5 ground
  sec2   4 tan   1
9
5
 
  tan 2   1  4 tan   1
9
5 14
  tan 2   4 tan  
9 9

The golf ball will land on level ground when it satisfies:

5 14
 tan 2   4 tan    0
9 9
5 tan   36 tan   14  0
2

  36    36 2  4  5  14
tan  
25
36  1016

10
  2225 or 8137

Therefore, the particle will land on level ground to the right of A if

2225    8137  nearest minute  .
 
Question 14 (continued)

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(b) (i)  2 – correct solution
 1 – uses a correct circle
geometry theorem in an
attempt to show the result

P is common.
Let TQS   as shown.
STP  TQS    alternate segment theorem 
RSP  TQS    corresponding angled are equal, TQ // RS 
STP  RSP    
PST ||| PRS  AA
(ii) PT ST  1 – correct solution
  matching sides of similar triangles are in the same ratio 
PS RS
ST  PS
 PT 
RS
(c) (i)  Let u  cos x  2 – correct solution
2

  cos x 
2k
sin x dx du   sin x dx  1 – correct primitive in terms of
0 u

2 When x  0, u  1
    cos x     sin x  dx
2k

0 When x  ,u  0
0 2
   u 2k du
1
1
  u 2 k du
0
1
 u 2 k 1 
 
 2k  1  0
1

2k  1
Question 14 (continued)

Sample solution Suggested marking criteria

(c) (ii) 
2
 2 – correct solution
 sin x 
2 n 1
dx  1 – correct use of the binomial
0 theorem to expand
1  cos x 
 2 n
2
 
n
  sin x 1  cos2 x dx
0

2 n
 
r
  sin x  nCr  cos2 x dx  by Binomial theorem 
0 r 0

2 n
  1 Cr sin x  cos x  dx
r n 2r

0 r 0

n 2
   1 Cr sin x  cos x  dx  integral of a sum is sum of integrals 
r n 2r

r 0 0

n 2
   1 Cr  sin x  cos x  dx  constants brought out the front 
r n 2r

r 0 0
n
 1 
   1 nCr 
r

r 0  2r  1 
(iii) Letting n  2 :  1 – correct solution

2 2
 1 
 sin x  dx    1 2Cr 
5 r

0 r 0  2r  1 
1 1 1
  1  2C0    1  2C1    1  2C2 
0 1 2

1 3 5
8

15