Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group Leader: Khairi Azhar Bin Abdul Latiff [+60-11 3697 1896]
A: Explain the Project Resources (waste materials) that have been & have yet to be collected so far.
Coconut coir is our main cement replacement which we obtained from local market. It is a natural fiber
extracted from the coconut husk, the fibrous material found in between the hard-internal shell and outer
coat of coconut. Coconut coir waste is found abundantly here because it is an indigenous plant here and
coconut extract itself is a part of local daily diet here in Malaysia. Advantages of using coconut coir as
cement replacement are eco-friendly, biodegradable material, locally available and cheap. So far, we have
managed to collect coconut waste that produces 13% of our total cement usage for this project.
B: Explain the lab preparation of the waste material that have been conducted in the lab (Ex: Burning,
sieving, etc).
1. After the coconut coir was obtained, the coconut coir was sun dried for 24-hours to remove any
moisture in it.
2. The coconut coir was subjected to the uncontrolled combustion using open burning until all the
coir turned to ash.
3. The ashes were collected and let it cooled for 24 hours.
4. The burnt coconut coir was sieved through a BS sieve of 0.075 mm.
5. The passing ashes were collected.
OEL PROGRESS REPORT Week 7 (GEOTECHNICAL LAB)
C: List the lab experiment of the material that have been conducted so far. Detail the purpose of the lab
experiments.
𝑆×𝑊 − 𝐵
𝑉𝑜𝑖𝑑 (%) = ×100
𝑆×𝑊
Experiment Aggregate 4: Total Moisture Content and Surface Moisture Content of Aggregate
The purpose of the total moisture content and surface moisture content of aggregate experiment
conducted was to obtained the percentages of total moisture and surface moisture in a sample of
aggregate. 400g of coarse aggregate were first weighed(A), and it was dried to a constant weight in an
oven at 110oC for about 24 hours and cooled. The dried sample of 500g fine aggregate were then weighed
(B) and the moisture content were calculated by using the formula.
𝐴−𝐵
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 = ×100
𝐵
shaker agitated the sieves for 10 minutes and after it stop, the sample retained with sieve were weighed
and the weight retained on each sieve were recorded. The total weight of the aggregate after sieving were
checked and calculated properly with the original weight of the aggregate to make sure the amount of
differs not more than 0.3 percent based on the original weight. The percentage coarser and percentage
passing were calculated and a particle distribution chart was drawn along with the calculation of fineness
modulus and average size of aggregate were calculated and recorded.
four round. Flat side of the trowel was used to smooth off the cube. Next, the specimen was transferred
to the moist room. Day later, the specimen was removed from the mould and kept for testing age (28
days). After 28 days, the specimen will be used for compressive strength.
D: Summarize the results of the lab experiments conducted in part C. Submit available attachment to
support the report.
Result
Bulk specific gravity, dry= 𝐴
2.500
𝐵−𝐶
Bulk specific gravity, SSD= 𝐵
2.529
𝐵−𝐶
Apparent specific gravity= 𝐷
2.569
𝐷−𝐶
Absorption= 𝐵−𝐷
𝑥 100 1.02%
𝐷
OEL PROGRESS REPORT Week 7 (GEOTECHNICAL LAB)
Result
Bulk specific gravity, dry= 𝐴
2.648
𝐶 +𝐵−𝐷
Bulk specific gravity, SSD= 𝐵
2.691
𝐶 +𝐵−𝐷
Apparent specific gravity= 𝐸
2.829
𝐶+𝐸−𝐷
Absorption= 𝐵−𝐸
𝑥 100 2.48%
𝐸
1. For coarse-aggregate:
Volume of cylindrical metal measure (m³) 1.47×10−2
Cylindrical metal measure (g) 1500
Cylindrical metal measure + coarse aggregate (g) 29710 30 cm
Coarse aggregate (g) 28210
Result
Bulk specific gravity, dry, S 2.500 25 cm
2. For fine-aggregate:
Volume of cylindrical metal measure (m³) 2.36x10−3
Cylindrical metal measure (g) 7003
30 cm
Cylindrical metal measure + coarse aggregate (g) 9470
Coarse aggregate (g) 2467
Result 10 cm
Bulk specific gravity, dry, S 1.090
Unit weight (kg/m³), B 1045.34
Unit weight of water (kg/m³), W 999
𝑆𝑥𝑊−𝐵
Void (%) = 𝑥 100 4.0%
𝑆𝑥𝑊
Experiment Aggregate 4: Total Moisture Content and Surface Moisture Content of Aggregate
1. For coarse-aggregate
Result
Weight of coarse aggregate, A(g) 400
Weight of dried sample, B (g) 393
𝐴−𝐵
Total moisture content = 𝑥100 1.78%
𝐵
2. For fine-aggregate
Result
Weight of fine aggregate, A(g) 500
Weight of dried sample, B (g) 487
𝐴−𝐵
Total moisture content = 𝐵
𝑥100 2.67%
The result will be obtained within 28 days from casting, which will be on 15th of April 2017.
Design-Mix= 1:2:3
1. For 0% replacement
Cement Sand Coarse aggregate 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Unit
Mould (0.5%)
Volume Weight Volume Weight Volume Weight
(m³) (kg) (m³) (kg) (m³) (kg) (kg)
The casting process was conducted after mixing of the fresh concrete. The moulds used are 3 units of
cubes, 1 unit of cylinder, and 1 unit of prism.
Figure 9 - Casting
Figure 10 - Vibrating
OEL PROGRESS REPORT Week 7 (GEOTECHNICAL LAB)