Biologi Molekuler

Annisa Fitria
Sista Werdyani

1
 What?

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 What?

Ilmu yang mempelajari fungsi dan organisasi organisme ditinjau dari struktur
dan regulasi molecular unsur atau komponen penyusunnya
Ilmu yang mempelajari organisasi , aktivitas, dan regulasi gen pada aras
molekul
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 How?

Bioteknologi Farmasi

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 What for?

Kompetensi yang diharapkan adalah mahasiswa menguasai dan

memahami :
1. prinsip dogma sentral,
2. pentingnya biologi molekuler di bidang kesehatan,
3. fungsi dan struktur DNA,
4. regulasi ekspresi gen,
5. reseptor dan transduksi signal,
6. tinjauan molekuler kanker dan penyakit genetik
lainnya,
7. menguasai konsep dasar teknik biologi molekuler seperti
elektroforesis dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

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 References?
1. Alberts, Bray, Lewis, Raff, Robert, Watson.,
2002, Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland
Publishing.inc, New York.

2. Alberts, B.,Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A.

2009, Essential Cell Biology, Garland
Publishing.inc, New York

3. Ricki Lewis, 2005, Human Genetics, Mc Graw-

Hill
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 References?

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 Timeline
No Topic
1 Class Introduction
Central dogma
Human genome project
Definition of gene, genome, chromosome

2 DNA & RNA structure

3 Dogma sentral : Transkripsi
4 Dogma sentral : Translasi
5,6 Regulasi Ekspresi Gen
Receptor & Signal Transduction
7 PCR dan elektroforesis
MIDTERM

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 Timeline
No Topic
8 Regulasi siklus sel
10 Replikasi DNA
11 Mutation & Repair
12 Cancer
13,14 Genetic diseases
Therapy
FINAL TERM

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 Evaluation?

No Komponen Bobot
1 Kuis 5%
2 Makalah diskusi 25%
3 UTS 35%
4 UAS 35%
TOTAL 100 %

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 How to?

1 Keterlambatan maksimal 15 menit  absen ditutup

2 Terlambat boleh masuk  tidak absen

3 Ijin hanya untuk alasan yang penting  1 minggu

4 Diperbolehkan minum, no food!

5 Kuliah diawali membaca Al-Quran

6 Pakaian sesuai aturan Universitas

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 Dogma Sentral

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 What for?

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 What for?
Meningkatkan nilai gizi Tahan hama

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 What for?

Tidak mudah busuk Save earth

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 What for?

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 Approved Biological Products
Hormones
Generic Name Brand Name & Company Therapeutic Area (1st Date of Approval)

Human insulin Humulin® & Humalog® (Eli Lilly) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Aspartat ®
Novolin & NovoLog (Novo Nordisk) (1982, 1991, 2002,4004)
Glargine, Glulisine Lantus® & Apidra™ (Aventis)

Human growth Protropin® & Nutropin® (Genentech) Growth hormone deficiency in children (1985);
hormone Humatrope® (Eli Lilly) Growth retardation in chronic renal disease
®
Saizen & Serostim ® (Serono) (1993); AIDS wasting (1996); Turners
Norditropin ® (Novo Nordisk) syndrome(1996); G.H. deficiency in
GenoTropin ® (Pfizer) adults (1997)
BioTropin (Bio-Technology Gen.) (Depot & Aq. Forms also)

Follitropin beta (FSH) Follistim® (Organon) Ovulatory failure (1997)

Follitropin alfa (FSH) Gonal-F® (Serono) Ovulatory failure (1997)

Choriogonadotropin alfa Ovidrel® (Serono) Fertility (2000)

G.H. releasing hormon. Geref® (Serono) GH deficiency in children (1997)

Ganirelix Antagon™ (Organon) LH surge during fertility therapy (2000)

Glucagon GlucaGen™ (Novo Nordisk) Hypoglycemia (1998)

Thyrotropin Thyrogen® (Genzyme) Thyroid cancer (1998)

Teriparatide Forteo® (Lilly) Osteoporosis with fracture risk (2002)

 What for?
Enzyme production

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 Approved Biological Products
Enzymes
Generic Name Brand Name & Company Therapeutic Area (1st Date of Approval)

Alteplase Activase® (Genentech) Acute MI(1987); Pulmonary emboli (1990); Stroke (1997)

Reteplase Retavase® (Centocor/J&J) Acute myocardial infarction (1996)

Eptifibatide Integrelin® (Millenium/Schering) Acute coronary syndromes; Angioplasties (1998)

Tirobifan Aggrastat ® (Merck) Acute coronary syndromes (1998)

Tenecteplase TNKase™ (Genentech) Acute myocardial infarction (2000)

Bivalirudin Angiomax® (Medicines Co.) Coronary angioplasty (PTCA), unstable angina (2000)
Lepirudin Refludan® (Aventis)

Dornase alfa Pulmozyme® (Genentech) Respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis (1993)

Imiglucerase Cerezyme® (Genzyme) Type 1 Gaucher's disease (1994)

Pegademase Adagen (Enzon)Severe combined immune deficiency (1990)

Rasburicase Elitek (Sanofi-Synthelabo)Chemotherapy related hyperuricemia (2002)

PEG-L-asparaginase Oncospar® (Enzon) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1994)

Algalsidase Fabrazyme™ (Genzyme) Fabry’s Disease (2003)

Laronidase Aldurazyme™ (Genzyme) Mucopolysaccharoidosis I (Hurler Syndrome) (2003)

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Pharmacogenomics

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Terapi genetik

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 Terapi genetik
Normal
human gene
1 An RNA version of a normal human
gene is inserted into a harmless
RNA virus.

RNA genome of virus

Inserted human RNA

Healthy person
2 Bone marrow cells of the patient
are infected with the virus.

3 Viral DNA carrying the human gene

inserts into the cell’s chromosome.

Bone marrow cell from the patient

Bone Bone of person

marrow with disease
4 The engineered
cells are injected
into the patient.
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 The Human Genome Project

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/education/images.shtml
 Medicine and the New Genetics

Gene Testing Pharmacogenomics Gene Therapy

Anticipated Benefits:
• improved diagnosis of disease
• earlier detection of genetic
predispositions to disease
• rational drug design
• gene therapy and control systems for
drugs
• personalized, custom drugs

http://doegenomes.org U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs, Genomics and Its Impact on Science and Society, 2003
 Future of molecular biology

• Produksi senyawa obat:

• Produksi protein/hormonbioteknologi
• Target-specific drugs (signal transduction &
molecular docking)
• Gene therapy
• Manajemen terapi:
• FarmakogenomikPersonalised medicine