Direct Indirect Speech

By linawati az,MP.d

A. Pengertian Direct Indirect Speech

Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh
pembicara yang dalam penulisannya disertai dengan tanda aphostrof di awal dan
akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks dialog atau percakapan. Contoh:
Andi bilang kepada saya: “kamu adalah orang yang sangat aku cintai”
Andi says to me: “you are the one I love very much”
Sedangkan Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan
orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung (tidak persis seperti yang
dikatakan pada saat diucapkan). Seperti jika kita merubah contoh kalimat di atas
maka indirect speechnya menjadi:
Andi bilang kepada saya bahwa saya adalah orang yang sangat ia cintai.
Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much
Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk
kalimat dan anak kalimat. Induk kalimat (introduce phrase) adalah seperti yang
berwarna merah, sedangkan anak kalimat (reported words) adalah yang berwarna
biru.
B. Aturan Perubahan Direct Indirect Speech
Siswa sering kali dibingungkan dengan perubahan kalimat dari direct speech ke
indirect speech dalam hal perubahan tenses, subjek objek serta tempat dan
waktu. Berikut aturan perubahannya:

1. Tenses.
Perubahan tenses di bawah ini terjadi jika Induk kalimatnya berupa bentuk
Past tense, sedang jika induk kalimatnya dalam bentuk present tense seperti
contoh di atas, maka tidak ada perubahan.

No DIRECT INDIRECT
1 Simple Present Simple past
2 Present Continuous Past Continuous
3 Present Perfect Past Perfect
4 Present Perfect Continous Past Perfect Continous
5 Simple Past Past Perfect
6 Past continuous Past continuous
 7 Past perfect Past perfect
8 Past perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
9 Simple Future Past Future
10 Future Continuous Past future continuous
11 Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
12 Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect Continuous
Perubahan tenses di atas sebenarnya mencakup 16 tenses, namun karena terlalu
panjang saya sarankan untuk membaca Rumus Praktis Perubahan Tenses Direct
Indirect Speech.
2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat

No DIRECT INDIRECT
1 Now Then
2 Tomorrow The following day
3 Yesterday The day before
4 Next week The following week
5 Tonight/Today That night/That day
6 Here There
7 This That
8 These Those
3. Berdasar bentuk Kalimat
Bentuk dasar kalimat juga berpengaruh pada perubahan kalimat dari direct ke
indirect speech. Bentuk dasar kalimat yang dimaksud adalah:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata “that” (bahwa) sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar/induk kalimat (introduce phrase) dan
kata-kata yang dilaporkan/anak kalimat (reported words). Kata yang biasa
digunakan bukan hanya told dan said saja, melainkan bisa juga
menggunakan: accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, begged, boasted,
complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised,
replied, suggested, dkk. Contoh:
o He suggested: you should come to the party.
He suggested I should come to the party.
o Andi told me: “I invite you to come to my party tonight”
Andi told me that he invited me to come to his party that night
 o My sister said to me: “Papa warned me last night”
My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before.
2. Command (perintah)
Perintah berarti menyuruh untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan (melarang)
dengan kata jangan (don’t). Menyuruh untuk melakukan berarti bersifat
positif, sedangkan melarang bersifat negatif (menggunakan don’t).
a. Positif
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya,
sebagai penghubung antara induk kalimat dan anak kalimat yang berupa
kalimat perintah.
Contoh:
 He asked me: “Open your book”
He asked me to open my book.
 Garet aksed me: “stop talking to Janet”.
Gareth asked me to stop talking to Janet.
b. Negatif
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang
dilaporkan.
Contoh:
 Mary told John: “Don’t wait for me’
Mary told John not to wait for her.
 Father said to my sister: “don’t go alone in the middle of the night.
Father asked to my sister not to go alone in the middle of the
night.
3. Question (pertanyaan)
Kalimat pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori:
. Pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (what, where, when, who, why,
how), maka kata tanya tersebulah yang menjadi penghubung antara induk
dan induk kalimat.
Contoh:
 He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
He asked me how I would go there
a. Pertanyaan yang tidak menggunakan kata tanya dan jawabannya berupa
yes atau no.
Contoh:
  The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
Catatan:

 Kita boleh menggunakan present tense atau past tense jika kebenarannya
masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Contoh:
“My name is Lynne”, she said. Indirectnya boleh: She said her
name was Lynne. Boleh juga: She said her name is Lynne.
Demikianlah penjelasan mengenai Rumus Direct Indirect Speech dan Contoh
Kalimatnya. Semoga membantu dan jika menurut kamu tulisan ini bermanfaat,
mohon sharenya melalui tombol Like atau dengan meninggalkan komentar di
bawah ini. Terima Kasih.
soal latihan direct-indirect

A. Imperative

1. “Eat more fruit and vegetable”, said the doctor.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Read the instructor before you switch on the machine”, he said to me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Shut the door but don’t lock it” she said to us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Don’t come before 6 o’clock”, I said to him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”, she said.

B. Declarative

Billie says:
1. ‘I am thinking of going to live in Semarang’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘My father is in hospital’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ‘Joe and Jane are getting married next month’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘I have not seen John for a while’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ‘Margaret has had a baby’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘I don’t know what is Fred doing’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘I hardly ever go out these days’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘I work 14 hours a day’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ‘I’ll tell May that I saw you’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ‘You can come and stay with me if you are ever to Semarang’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. ‘I have been playing tennis recently’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. ‘Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. ‘I saw Jack at the party a month ago and he seemed fine’
……………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Interrogative

1. ‘Do you love me?’ Ethan asked me.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘Will you tell me than you need me?’ Putra asked Petri.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ‘Are you all right?’ Ethan wondered.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Susie asked me: ‘Why do you want me to tell it to him?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Mr. Joe asked the students: ‘How can you do it in a short time?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘What is your name?’ he asked me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘May I borrow your pen?’ Petri asked me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘What time will you pick me up?’ Ann asked me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ‘Is he a student?’ Putra inquired.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ‘Have you told him what I said to you?’ I asked Petri.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

D. Imperative

1. ‘Lend me your umbrella’, Reni asked me.

............................................................................................................................................
2. ‘Spend your time wisely’, the old man told his children.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ‘Don’t blame your mistake on other’, I told him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘Don’t be lazy’, the teacher ordered his students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ‘Put your hands up’, the robber commanded his victim.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘Fasten your seat belt’, the stewardess told the passengers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘Don’t interrupt me’, the old man told the grandson.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘Don’t break the school rules’, the teacher asked the students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ‘Do your assignments’, he asked his son.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ‘Be quiet’, the librarian asked the students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

E. Declarative

1. Betty: ‘I have been working for an hour’

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She says: ‘My father wants to see you’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Yana says to her friends: ‘My mother has bought me a doll’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Pamela: ‘You are my best friend, Anna’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Toni said to me: ‘Reni was reading a book when I called her’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Marisa: ‘ Albert borrow my bike’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Toni: ‘Reni’s brother has come to see me’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. He says to the children: ‘I’ll give you a ball’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mr. Dido says to his wife: ‘We are living for Yogyakarta tomorrow’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The students: ‘We have done our exercises’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
F. Interrogative

1. I ask my friend: ‘Can you help me with the work?’

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Tata wonders: ‘Is my brother in the kitchen?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mr. Lumen asks his wife: ‘Is there any food in the cupboard?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They asked themselves” ‘May we enter the hall?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Lion asked her brother: ‘Did you send the letter by airmail?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Tono asked his daughter: ‘Has your brother arrived?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Rudi asked me: ‘Could Dewi hear what we were talking?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Mr. Joe wanted to know: ‘Have the children eaten their breakfast?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The teacher asked: ‘Are the boys here?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Tina asked Maman: ‘Do you know the girl’s name?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. ‘Was the party success?’ Umar asked me
……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. ‘Has Diane given the message?’ my brother wanted to know
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. ‘Would you like me to post the letter?’ Tanti asked Dewi
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. ‘Can you finish the work?’ father asked me
……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. ‘Am I wrong?’ Dewi asked Danang
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. ‘Does Mr. Black live on Sesame Street?’ the man wondered
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. “Was the test difficult?’ the students would like to know
……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. ‘Has the man mended the roof?’ Mr. Joe asked his son
……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. ‘Is this dress Dewi’s?’ Andi asked
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. ‘May I use your computer?’ Tono asked Dewi
……………………………………………………………………………………………

G. Imperative – Interrogative

· Don’t wait for me if I am late

· Can you open your bag, please?
· Please slow down!
· Don’t worry, Sue
· Will you marry me?
· Mind your own business
· Could you repeat what you said, please?
· Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?
· Hurry up!

1. Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I…………………………………………….

2. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked……………………………………………………
3. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told……………………………………...
4. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I ……………………………………………………
5. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and……………………………………...
6. I had difficulty understanding him, so I …………………………………………………
7. I didn’t want to delay Ann, so I ………………………………………………………….
8. John was very much in love with Jane, so he…………………………………………….
9. He started asking me personal questions, so……………………………………………..

H. Declarative

Begin with ‘I thought you said………………’

1. A: That restaurant is expensive.

B: Is it? I thought you said……………………………………………………………….
2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.
B: Is she? ………………………………………………………………………………...
3. A: Ann likes Paul.
B: Does she? ……………………………………………………………………………..
4. A: I know lots of people.
B: Do you? ………………………………………………………………………………
5. A: I’ll be here next week.
B: Will you? .........................................................................................................
6. A: I am going out this evening.
B: Are you? ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. A: I can speak a little French.
B: Can you? ……………………………………………………………………………...
8. A: I haven’t been to cinema for ages.
B: Haven’t you? …………………………………………………………………………

I. Interrogative

Begin with ‘He / She asked me……………………………’

1. ‘What time is it?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘What is your name?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ‘Can you speak Arabic?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘Have you met my brother?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ‘Where are you living?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘Will you be here tomorrow?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘What kind of camera do you have?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘How tall are you?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ‘What courses are you taking?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ‘Do you feel okay?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. ‘Have you read any good news?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. ‘How do you like living here?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. ‘Did you finish your assignment?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. ‘What are you doing?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. ‘Whose briefcase is this?’
…………………………………..………………………………………………………..
16. ‘May I borrow your dictionary?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. ‘Where will you be tomorrow?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. ‘Did you go to class yesterday?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. ‘What are you going to do during vacation?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. ‘What is the capital city of your country?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………

J. Declarative – Interrogative

1. Bob said, ‘I will help you’

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘Do you need a pen?’ Annie asked
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Jennifer asked, ‘What do you want?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Sid asked, ‘Are you hungry?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ‘I want a sandwich’, Jennifer said
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘I’m going to move to Yogyakarta’ said Bram.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘Did you enjoy your trip?’ asked Connie
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Dick asked, ‘What are you talking about?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Nancy asked, ‘Have you seen my grammar book?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Susan said, ‘I don’t want to go’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Sam asked, ‘Where is Amanda?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
12. ‘Can you come to my party?’ asked David
……………………………………………………………………………………………
13. ‘I may be late’ said Mike
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Felix said, ‘You should study harder’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Barbara said, ‘I have to go to downtown’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. ‘Why is the sky blue?’ my daughter asked.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. My mother asked, ‘Why are you tired?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
18. ‘I will come to the meeting’ said Juan
……………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Ms. Adam asked, ‘Will you be in class tomorrow?’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
20. ‘The sun rises in the east’ said Mr. Clark
……………………………………………………………………………………………

1. ‘Have you ever met Ms. Powell?’ Mr. Peterson asked me ……………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ‘I’m going to postpone the examination’ Prof. William announce………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ‘Someday we’ll be in contact with beings from outer space’. The scientist
predicted…..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ‘I think I’ll go to the library to study’ Joe said…………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ‘Is there anything I can do to help you?’ Sally wanted to know…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ‘Does Jim know what he is doing?’ I wondered…………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
7. ‘Is what I’ve heard true?’ Marta wanted to know………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ‘Is what I wrote correct?’ I wondered……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ‘I need to go to the market before it closes’ Jane suddenly
remembered………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ‘Sentences with noun clauses are a little complicated’ Elsa
thought…………………….
……………