8/1/2012

IIT Kanpur, 2012‐13 (1st Semester)

Dr. Prishati Raychowdhury
Lecture ‐ 1
Office: FB 336, Tel: #6692, 
Email: prishati@iitk.ac.in

 Joined IITK in September, 2009
p , 9

 Ph.D. – University of California, San Diego (2008)
 M.Tech. – IITK (2003)
 B.E. – Bengal Engineering and Science University (1999)

 Industrial Experience ‐
p
 2008‐09 in California (Earth Mechanics, Inc.) 
 2000‐01 in Kolkata (Kerr and Associates)

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• Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
G t h i l E th k  E i i
• Seismic soil‐structure interaction 
• Earthquake‐induced ground failure: liquefaction and 
lateral spreading 
• Uncertainty and risk assessment in geotechnical 
engineering

POST‐GRADUATE LEVEL
 CE 601: Statistical Methods for Civil Engineers
l h d f l
 CE 602N: Advanced Mathematics for Civil Engineers
 CE 635: Foundation Dynamics
 CE 636: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

UNDER‐GRADUATE LEVEL
 CE 331: Soil Mechanics
 CE332: Geotechnical Engineering
 TA101: Engineering Graphics (T)

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Lectures: TThF 9:00‐10:00  L10

Discussion: T        12:00‐13:00  
Laboratory: TTh 14:00‐16:00  GTE lab
14:00 16:00  GTE lab
Instructors: Dr. Prishati Raychowdhury (Office: FB 336, Email:prishati@iitk.ac.in)  [Lecture]
Dr. Rajesh S. (Office: FB 304, Email: hsrajesh@iitk.ac.in) [Lecture]
Dr. N. R. Patra (Office: FB 308, Email: nrpatra@iitk.ac.in) [Lab]
Text Book:
Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Braja M. Das, Fifth Edition, CENGAGE 
Learning (India Edition), 2002.
Reference Books:
 An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Robert D. Holtz and William D. 
An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering  Robert D  Holtz and William D  
Kovacs,  Prentice Hall
 Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, Gopal Ranjan and A.S.R. Rao, New Age 
International Publishers
 Soil Mechanics, T. William Lambe and Robert V. Whitman, John Wiley & Sons.
 Geotechnical Engineering: Soil Mechanics, John N. Cernica, John Wiley & Sons.
 Craig’s Soil Mechanics, R.F. Craig, Sevenh edition, Spon press, 2005

Part‐1: (10 lectures)
 Introduction: Geotechnical issues in Civil Engineering, soil formation and soil types
 Soil Composition and Classification: Solid‐water‐air relationship, index properties of 
Solid‐water‐air relationship  index properties of 
soil, soil classification. 
 Permeability and Seepage: Darcy's law, hydraulic conductivity, lab tests for 
permeability, in‐situ test for permeability, seepage, flow nets, seepage through for 
geotechnical structures, effective stress concept, capillary rise, piping, quicksand 
condition.

Part‐2: (10 lectures)
 Soil Compaction: Standard compaction tests, field compaction, determination of 
p p , p ,
field density
 Compressibility of Soil: Compressibility and settlement of soil, coefficient of 
consolidation, consolidation settlement under a foundation, immediate settlement.

Mid Semester Exam..
6

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Part‐3: (9 lectures)
 Shear Strength of Soil: Stresses on soil elements, Mohr's circle, principal stresses, 
stress path  direct and triaxial shear tests, Mohr‐Coulomb Failure criterion, drained 
stress path, direct and triaxial shear tests  Mohr‐Coulomb Failure criterion  drained 
and unconfined compression test, unconsolidated undrained test, unconsolidated 
and consolidated drained tests, stress‐strain relationships and strength of loose and 
dense sands, NC and OC clays, dilation, pore pressures, liquefaction phenomenon.

Part‐4: (10 lectures)
 Slope Stability: Limit equilibrium methods, ordinary methods of slices and simplified 
Bishop method, factors of safety.
 Introduction to Geosynthetics: Classification, functions, properties ‐
y , ,p p physical, 
p y ,
mechanical, hydraulic, environmental, etc.

End Semester Exam..
7

Homework:  5
5%
Class Attendance:      5%
Quizzes:         10% 
Mid Term Exams:       25% 
Final Exam:                   35%
Laboratory:                  20%  (10% lab report 
+5% lab quiz
+5% lab attendance)

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 L b   ill   f   th August, Tuesday.
Laboratory will start from 7 A  T d

 First 55 students (roll number wise) should 
report on 7th August, Tuesday and rest of you 
should report on 9
p th August, Thursday in the 
g y
GTE laboratory

 Why learn Soil Mechanics? 
• Nearly every civil engineering structures‐ buildings, 
bridges, towers, canals, dams and so on must be 
founded in or on the surface of the earth; and each 
structure must have a proper foundation to support 
it. 
• Geotechnical components
▪ shallow footings
g
▪ Deep foundations
▪ Retaining walls
▪ Dams
▪ Earth embankments and so on.

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 Shallow Foundations

firm
ground

bed rock

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 Deep Foundations
p

weak
soil

bed rock

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 g
Retaining walls

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 Sheet Piles

(Boulanger and Duncan, 2003)

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 Dams

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 Ground Improvements
p

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 999 y q
1999 Turkey Earthquake

Structural Issues Geotechnical Issues

Photo: USGS

 1964 Niigata Earthquake: Bearing Failure

Photo: USGS

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 1964 Niigata Earthquake: Lateral Spreading

Photo: USGS

 Definition of soil (for Civil Engineers)
( g )
Soil is any uncemented or weekly cemented
accumulation of mineral particles formed by the
weathering of rocks, the void space between the
particles containing water and/or air.
‐ Craig, R. F. (2005)
g, ( 5)

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 Mineral Matter
 Air
 Water
 Organic Matter

Weathering

Rock cycle 22

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Origin of Soil
• Residual soil - “what is left” - weathering of bedrock
• Transported soil - soil from “elsewhere”
– flood plain deposits (soils) from rivers.
– wind-transported deposits
• Soil composition
– parent rock is deciding factor
– chemical
h i l weathering
th i th throughh titime d
determines
t i composition
iti

• Soil thickness
– time increases soil thickness
– wet climate increases soil thickness
– low slopes also increase thickness

(1) Glacial soils: Formed by transportation and

deposition of glaciers.
glaciers
(2) Alluvial soils: transported by running water and
deposited along streams.
(3) Lacustrine soils: formed by deposition in quiet
lakes
(4) Marine soils: formed by deposition in the seas
(5) Aeolian soils: transported and deposited by the
wind
(6) Colluvial soils: formed by movement of soil from
its original place by gravity, such as
during landslide

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Soil separate particle diameter (mm)

____________________________
Sand . . . . . . . . . 2.0 - 0.05
Silt . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 - 0.002
Clay . . . . . . . . . . <0.002

SAND
SILT CLAY

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Soil Particles in Electron Microscope 

Clay minerals photographed in

Electron micrograph of some fine
an electron microscope (Note:
subangular and subrounded
they are plate or flake like and
quartz sand
are stacked on top

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