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OUTLINE
Introduction
Op Amp
Comparator
Bistable Multivibrator
RC Oscillator
RC Integrator
Peak Detector
Switched Capacitor Amplifier
Capacitors
Design Examples
References
Homework
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INTRODUCTION
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
99
M6 M5 M8 M11 M15
W/L W/L W/L
100/2 100/2 W/L W/L 9 686/2
M19
100/2 282/2
3 M12 12
W/L
M16 3800/2
1 +V +V 2
Vin+ Vin- W/L
10 W/L M18
100/2 336/2
40/2 M1 M2 40/2 7 14
6 5 4 W/L RL
M9 M13 100/2
M20
30/2 30/2 13
M14 11 M17
8 W/L
M3 M4 645/2
20/40 90/2 W/L
90/2 90/2 90/2
M7 M10 2600/2
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFERS
C
R
-
Vo Vin -
Vin Vo
+ +
Vo= Vin
R1
V1
R3
V2 -
Vo
R1 +
Vo= ( -R3/R1) (V1 + V2)
Rf
Rin
Inverting Summer V2 - Vo
+
V1 Vo= Rf/Rin (V1-V2)
Rin
Rf
Difference Amplifier
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
COMPARATOR
+V
Vo Theoretical
Vin -
Vo +V
+
Vref -V
Vref
-V Vin
+V
-V
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering Measured
© September 15, 2015 Dr. Lynn Fuller, Professor Page 12
Basic Analog Electronic Circuits
+
Vo
- VTH
Vin
Vin -V
VTL
-V
Measured
Rochester Institute of Technology Sedra and Smith pg 1187
Microelectronic Engineering
RC INTEGRATOR
Vin Vout
R Smaller RC
Vin C Vout
+Va +Va
t1
t t
-Va -Va
OSCILLATOR (MULTIVIBRATOR)
R1 VT R2
Vo
+V +V t1
t
+ -V
Vo
-
-V 1+Vt/V
Period = T = 2RC ln
C 1-Vt/V
R
PEAK DETECTOR
Variable Vin -
Vo
+
C
CAPACITORS
I = C dV/dt +
C V
-
Vacuum 1 Methanol 30
Air 1.00059 Photoresist 3
Acetone 20 Plexiglass 3.4
Barium strontium 500 Polyimide 2.8
titanate
Rubber 3
Benzene 2.284
Silicon 11.7
Conjugated 6 to 100,000
Polymers Silicon dioxide 3.9
Ethanol 24.3 Silicon Nitride 7.5
Glycerin 42.5 Teflon 2.1
Glass 5-10 Water 80-88
CALCULATIONS
DESIGN EXAMPLE
Square Wave
Generator
RC Integrator &
Capacitor Sensor
Peak Detector
Comparator
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
R1 R2
+V Vo
-
+ +
+ -
- R
-V C C
Vref -V
C R
Smaller Capacitance
Larger Capacitance
Display
Square Wave
Generator
Output
Buffer
Output
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
i R
3.3V
i
NJU703 Vo
V C +
-3.3
Vo = - i R
i = d (CV)/dt , V is constant C = Co + Cm sin (2pft)
i = V Cm 2 p f cos (2pft)
R2
R4
20K
100K
R1
3.3V R3
10K
3.3V I 10K 3.3V
Vout
NJU703 0 to 1V
p + NJU703
IR LED
-3.3
+
n -3.3
Gnd Gnd
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Photodiode
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Diode Current (uA)
Reset
Internal
100 pF
C Rf
- -
+ Ri Analog Vout
+
P+
N+
R1
20K
p +
3.3V I
n 0.2 < Vout < 0.7V
Gnd
Load
I = Vs/R2
R3
R1
R1=427 R3=427
R4
R2 Vo1=2.5v Vo2=2.5v
R2=427 R4=427
Vo1 Gnd
Resistors on a Diaphragm No Pressure
Gnd Vo2-Vo1 = 0
Rochester Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
5 Volts V1 Vo1
+
R4
-
R2
R3
-
R3=426.4 Vo
R1=427.6 R1 +
R3
Vo1=2.4965v Vo2=2.5035v R2 R4
+
V2 - Vo2
R2=426.4 R4=427.6 Gnd
R4 R2
Gnd Vo = (V2-V1) 2 1+
With Pressure R3 R1
Vo2-Vo1
Rochester= 0.007v
Institute of Technology
Microelectronic Engineering
=7 mV
© September 15, 2015 Dr. Lynn Fuller, Professor Page 31
Basic Analog Electronic Circuits
+V
+V
-
Vo
Vin +
Rload
-V
-V
REFERENCES
1. Switched Capacitor Circuits, Phillip E. Allen and Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio, Van
Nostrand Reinhold Publishers, 1984.
2. “Active Filter Design Using Operational Transconductance Amplifiers: A
Tutorial,” Randall L. Geiger and Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio, IEEE Circuits and
Devices Magazine, March 1985, pg. 20-32.
3. Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Sedra and Smith
Difference Amplifier