Professional Documents
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OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Muhammad Fahim
hmf.engr2@gmail.com
Contents
• Weighted Residual Based Finite Element Formulation
• Axial deformation of Bar
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Obtain approximate solution for the BVP:
0 0 1
• The boundary conditions are:
0 1 Essential boundary condition
1 2 1 1 Natural boundary condition
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• The Galerkin criteria for a typical element becomes:
0 1,2
• Integrate the first term by parts
0
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Special coordinate s can be expressed in terms of x using linear
interpolation:
2
2
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
′ ′
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• In matrix notation:
1 1
2 2
• Find the terms in the Galerkin statement in terms of s:
1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2
1
1 1
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• The weighting functions are:
1 1
2 2
• Thus the shape functions play the role of weighting functions.
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
0
• For N1: N1(x1) = 1 and N1(x2)=0, therefore
• For N2: N2(x1) = 0 and N2(x2)=1, therefore
0
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Combining the two equations in matrix form:
• Substituting the trial solution and introducing the change of variable
from x to s:
1
1/ 2 0
1/ 1/
1/ 2 1 2 2 0
2
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
1
1/ 2 0
1/ 1/
1/ 2 1 2 2 0
2
• Taking integration and simplifying:
2 2
1 1 1 12 4
1 1 2 2 2
12 4
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Three Element Solution
• Divide the domain into three equal length elements: x1=0, x2=1/3,
x3=2/3, and x4=1.
• Length of each element: l =1/3
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
2 2
1 1 1 12 4
1 1 2 2 2
12 4
• Element 1: x1=0, x2=1/3, l=1/3.
• Superscripts are used to indicate the element numbers.
3 3 1 1
3 3 324 3
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
2 2
1 1 1 12 4
1 1 2 2 2
12 4
• Element 2: x1=1/3, x2=2/3, l=1/3.
3 3 1 11
3 3 324 17
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
2 2
1 1 1 12 4
1 1 2 2 2
12 4
• Element 3: x1=2/3, x2=1, l=1/3.
3 3 1 33
3 3 324 43
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Global Equations
• Contribution of element 1:
3 3 0 0 1
3 3 0 0 1 3
0 0 0 0 324 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Global Equations
• Contribution of element 2:
3 3 0 0 1
3 6 3 0 1 14
0 3 3 0 324 17
0 0 0 0 0
0
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Global Equations
• Contribution of element 3:
3 3 0 0 1
3 6 3 0 1 14
0 3 6 3 324 50
0 0 3 3 43
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Since local node 2 of element 1 is the same as local node 1 of element
2:
• Similarly local node 2 of element 2 is the same as local node 1 of
element 3:
0
• Also noting:
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
Global Equations
• Final global matrices:
3 3 0 0 1
3 6 3 0 1 14 0
0 3 6 3 324 50 0
0 0 3 3 43
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Essential boundary condition: u1 = 1
• Natural boundary condition: u’4 = 1‐2u4
3 3 0 0 1 1
3 6 3 0 1 14 0
0 3 6 3 324 50 0
0 0 3 3 43 1 2
Weighted Residual Based FEM: Example 3
• Moving the u4 term to the left hand side and denoting the first term
on the right as r1 we get:
3 3 0 0 1
3 6 3 0 14/324
0 3 6 3 50/324
0 0 3 5 367/324
• These equations are identical to those obtained by Raleigh‐Ritz
method and obviously have the same solution:
0 0
• The boundary conditions are
0 0