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Table of Contents
Chapter I Introduction
Chapter II Theory and Literature
2.1. Pitot Tube
2.2. Total Pressure
2.3. Static Pressure
2.4. Velocity Distribution
2.5. Free Stream Velocity
2.6. No Slip Condition
2.7. Boundary Layer
2.8. A Simple of Calculation Air Density
2.9. Gravity Acceleration
2.10. Differential Pressure Behind The Inlet Free Stream Velocity
2.11. Differential Pressure Over a Plate in The Test Section
Chapter III Methode of Experiment
3.1. Tools and Materials
3.2. Instructions
3.3. Data of Experiment
3.4. Table
Chapter IV Discussion
Chapter V Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Aerodynamicists use wind tunnels to test models of proposed aircraft and engine
components. During a test, the model is placed in the test section of the tunnel and air
is made to flow past the model. Various types of instrumentation are used to determine
the forces on the model. There are four main types of wind tunnel tests.
In some wind tunnel tests, the aerodynamic forces and moments on the model
are measured directly. The model is mounted in the tunnel on a special machine called
a force balance. The output from the balance is a signal that is related to the forces and
moments on the model. Balances can be used to measure both the lift and drag forces.
The balance must be calibrated against a known value of the force before, and
sometimes during, the test. Force measurements usually require some data reduction or
post-test processing to account for Reynolds number or Mach number effects on the
model during testing. It is very important in data reports to always specify the reference
value of variables used in data reduction.
In some wind tunnel tests, the model is instrumented with pressure taps and the
component performance is calculated from the pressure data. Total pressure
measurement is the normal procedure for determining aircraft inlet performance.
Theoretically, the aerodynamic force on an aircraft model could be obtained using
pressure instrumentation by integrating the pressure times an incremental area around
the entire surface of the model. But, in practice, pressure integration is not used because
of the large number of taps necessary to accurately resolve pressure variations. Airfoil
drag can be determined by integrating the total pressure deficit in the wake created by
a wing model.
In some wind tunnel tests, the model is instrumented to provide diagnostic
information about the flow of air around the model. Diagnostic instrumentation includes
static pressure taps, total pressure rakes, laser Doppler velocimetry, and hot-wire
velocity probes. A diagnostic test does not provide overall aircraft performance, but
helps the engineer to better understand how the fluid moves around and through the
model. There are a variety of flow control devices that are employed to improve
performance of the aircraft, if the local flow conditions are known. Depending on the
type of instrumentation used in the experiment, steady state flow or unsteady, time-
varying, flow information can be obtained. The engineer must use some experience
when employing flow diagnostic instrumentation to properly place the instruments in
regions of flow gradients or separations.
1.1.Purpose of Experiment
a. Dapat mengetahui cara pengujian menggunakan wind tunnel
b. Dapat mengetahui apa itu boundary layer
c. Dapat menjelaskan lebih detail apa itu boundary layer
CHAPTER II THEORY AND LITERATURE
2.1. Pitot Tube
Tabung pitot adalah instrumen untuk melakukan pengukuran tekanan
pada aliran fluida. Tabung pitot ditemukan oleh insinyur berkebangsaan Prancis, Henri
Pitot pada awal abad ke 18, dan dimodifikasi oleh ilmuwan berkebangsaan
Prancis, Henry Darcy di pertengahan abad ke 19 . Tabung pitot telah digunakan secara
luas untuk menentukan kecepatan dari pesawat terbang dan mengukur kecepatan
udara dan gas pada aplikasi industri .
Tabung pitot sederhana terdiri dari tabung yang mengarah secara langsung ke
aliran fluida. Tabung ini berisi fluida, sehingga tekanan bisa diukur dengan perubahan
tinggi dari fluida tersebut.
Pitot tubes are instruments to perform measurements of the pressure on the fluid
flow. Pitot tube was invented by France-born engineer, Henri Pitot in the early 18th
century, and modified by the France-born scientist Henry Darcy in the mid 19th century.
Pitot tubes have been used extensively to determine the speed of the aircraft simple and
measure the speed of the air and gas in industrial applications.
A simple pitot tube consists of a tube which leads directly to the fluid flow. This
tube contains a fluid, so that the pressure can be measured by changes in the height of
the fluid.
3.4. Table
CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
Bibliography
1. http://orang-energy.blogspot.co.id/2015/12/tekanan-stagnasi-tekanan-statis-
dan.html
2. https://ronipanjoel.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/boundary-layer-lapisan-batas/
3. https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/tuntest.html
4. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-physics-behind-no-slip-condition-in-
fluid-mechanics
5.