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Unit - 3

Laws of Motion

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SUMMARY
Important Points
 The law of inertia given by Galileo was represented by Newton as the first law of motion :" If no external
force acts on a body, the body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion continues to move with the
same velocity."
This law gives us definition of force.
 
 The momentum of a body p  m v is a vector quantity.It gives more information than the velocity.It's
unit is kgms1 or Ns and dimensional formula M1L1T-1.
 Newton's second law of motion : The time-rate of change in momentum of a body is equal to the
resultant external force applied on the body and is in the direction of the exterrnal force.

 dP 
F=  ma is the vector relationship
dt
The SI unit of force is newton (=N) . 1 N = 1 kg ms–2 . This law gives the value of force.It is consistent
  
with the first law.( F =0 indicates that a =0). In this equation the acceleration of the body a is that

which it has when the force is acting on it.(Not of the Past!) . F is only the resultant external force.
 The impulse of force is the product of force and the time for which it acts. when a large force acts for

a very small time, it is difficult to measure F and t but the change in momentum can be measured,

which is equal to the impulse of force ( F t )
 Newton's third law of motion: " To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction."
 
Forces always act in pairs, and, FAB= – FBA. The action and the reaction act simultaneously.They act on
different bodies,hence they cannot be cancelled by adding. But the resultant of the forces between
different parts of the same body becomes zero.
 The law of conservation of momentum is obtained from Newton's second law and the third law.It is
written as-"The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant."
 The concurrent forces are those forces of which the lines of action pass through the same point. For

equilibrium of the body, under the effect of such forces,  F must be = 0 Moreover, the sum of the
corresponding components also should be zero. (  Fx = 0,  Fy=o,  Fz = 0)
- Friction is produced due to the contact force between the surfaces in contact.It opposes the impending or
the real relative motion.
Static frictional force fs  fs (max) =
s N and the kinetic friction is fk =  k N

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µS  coefficient of static friction

µ k  coefficient of kinetic friction and  k   s


* The reference frame , in which Newton's first law of motion is obeyed is called the inertial frame of
reference and the one in which it is not obeyed is called non-inertial frame of reference. The frame of
reference with constant velocity is an inertial frame of reference and one which has acceleration is non-
inertial frame of reference.
* On a body performing uniform circular motion a force equal to mv2 / r acts towards the centre of the
circular path. This is called the centripetal force.
The maximum safe speed on level curved road is vmax = µ s rg

 µ  tanθ 
The maximum safe speed on a banked curved road is vmax = rg s 
 1  µ s tanθ 
* Motion of a body on a friction less inclined plane:

As shown in figure body of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined plane making an angle θ with the
horizontal.
Here, 1 mg cos   N †ÃÜå 2 mg sin   ma
 acceleration of body θ = gsin θ .

* Motion of a body on a Rough inclined plane:


(1) Body moving down : If body moving down
with acceleration a then,
mg sin θ – µ s N  ma and N = mg cos θ
 mg sinθ  µ s mg cosθ   ma

 a  g sinθ  µ s cosθ 

(2) Body moves up : If body is moving upwards with acceleration a then a  g  sin θ  μ s cos θ  .
 Pseudo Force : In non-inertial frame of reference due to acceleration one more additional force acting on
a body in the opposite direction of acceleration of frame of reference is called pseudo force (FP) .
 when a man of weight m climbs on the rope with acceleration a then tension in the rope is T = m(g + a).
 When man sliding down with acceleration a then tension in the rope is T = m(g – a).

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* When masses in contact:
In figure masses m1 ,m2 and m3 are placed in contact on a surface.
F
acceleration a  m  m  m
1 2 3

Force on m1 : F1 = F
m3
Force on m2 : F2 = (m2 + m3) a 
 m2  m3  F F
m2
a
m1
m1  m2  m3

m3 F
Force on m3 : F3  m3a 
 m1  m2  m3 

* Masses connected by strings:


Consider two masses m1 and m2 placed on a frictionless horizontal surface connected by a light
inextensibule string.
If is pulled by a force F then a tension T is developed, a
m1
in the string. m2 TT F
m1
For m1 : F – T = m1a , For m2 : T = m2 a
m2 F F
 Tension in string T  m  m , acceleration a  m  m .
1 2 1 2

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MCQ
For the answer of the following questions choose the correct alternative from among the given ones.
1. The velocity of a body of mass 20 kg decreases from 20 ms–1 to 5 ms–1 in a distance of 100 m. Force
on the body is
(A) -27.5 N (B) -47.5 N (C) -37.5 N (D) -67.5 N
2. A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards by applying a force by hand. If the hand moves
0.2 m while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2 m height further, find the magnitude of the
force. (Consider g = 10 ms–2)
(A) 16 N (B) 20 N (C) 22 N (D) 4 N
3. Formula for true force is

d  mv dv d2x
(A) F  ma (C) F  (B) F  m (D) F = m
dt dt dt 2
4. A particle moves in the X–Y plane under the influence of a force such that its linear momentum is
 ^ ^
P (t)  A[ i cos (kt)  j sin(kt)] where A and k are constants. The angle between the force and
momentum is
(A) 00 `
(B) 300 (C) 450 (D) 900
5. Force of 5 N acts on a body of weight 9.8 N. what is the acceleration produced in ms-2
(A)49.00 (B) 5.00 (C) 1.46 (D) 0.51
6. A lift is going up. The total mass of the lift and the passenger is 1000 kg The variation in the speed of
the lift is as given in the graph. The tension in the rope pulling the lift at t= 10.5 sec will be
(A) 8000 N
(B) Zero
1

3.6

(C) 12000 N
(D) 17400 N 2 10 12
t (sec)

7. Same force acts on two bodies of different masses 2 kg and 4 kg initially at rest. The ratio of times
required to acquire same final velocity is
(A) 2:1 (B) 1:2 (C) 1:1 (D) 4:16
8. Which of the following quantities measured from different inertial reference frames are same
(A) Force (B) Velocity (C) Displacement (D) Kinetic Energy

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9. 10,000 small balls, each weighing 1 g strike one square cm of area per second with a velocity
100 ms–1 in a normal direction and rebound with the same velocity. The value of pressure on the surface
will be
(A) 2 103 Nm 2 (B) 2 105 Nm 2
(C) 107 Nm2 (D) 2 107 Nm 2
10. When the speed of a moving body is doubled
(A) Its acceleration is doubled
(B) Its momentum is doubled
(C) Its kinetic energy is doubled
(D) Its potential energy is doubled
11. A particle moves in the XY Plane under the action of a force F such that the components of its linear
momentum P at any time t are Px = 2 cost, Py = 2 sint. The angle between F and P at time t is
(A) 900 (B) 00 (C) 1800 (D) 300
12. A player caught a cricket ball of mass 150 g moving at the rate of 20 ms-1 . If the catching process be
completed in 0.1 s the force of the blow exerted by the ball on the hands of player is
(A) 0.3 N (B) 30 N C) 300 N (D) 3000 N
 ^ ^
13. A body of mass 5 kg starts from the origin with an initial velocity u=30 i +40 j ms-1 . If a constant
  ^ ^

Force F= –  i +5 j  N acts on the body, the time in which the y-component of the velocity becomes
 
zero is
(A) 5 s (B) 20 s (C) 40 s (D) 80 s

Third law of motion


14. Swimming is possible on account of
(A) First law of motion (B) second law of motion
(C) Third law of motion (D) Newton's law of gravitation
15. A cold soft drink is kept on the balance.When the cap is open, then the weight
(A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) First increase then decreases (D) Remains same

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Conservation of linear momentum and impulse
16. A wagon weighing 1000 kg is moving with a velocity 50 km h-1 on smooth horizontal rails. A mass
of 250 kg is dropped into it. The velocity with which it moves now is
(A) 2.5 km h 1 (B) 20 km h 1
(C) 40 km h 1 (D) 50 km h 1
17. The Figure shows the Position-time (x-t) graph of one dimensional motion of a body of mass 0.4 kg .
The magnitude of each impluse is
x (m)

(A) 0.2 Ns (B) 0.4 Ns


(C) 0.8 Ns (D) 1.6 Ns
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
t (s)

Equllibrium of Forces
18. Three Forces F1, F2 and F3 together keep a body in equilibrium. If F1 = 3 N along the positive X- axis,
F2 = 4N along the positive Y-axis ,then the third force F3 is
 
(A) 5 N -making an angle θ = tan–1 3 4 with negative y-axis

(B) 5 N - making an angle θ = tan–1 4 3  with negative y-axis


(C) 7 N - making an angle θ = tan–1 3 4  with negative y-axis
(D) 7 N - making an angle θ = tan–1 4 3  with negative y-axis
19. A solid sphere of mass 2 kg is resting inside a cube as shown in the figure. The cube is moving with
  ^ ^
 –1
a velocity v =  5t i+ 2t j  ms Here t is the time in second. All surfaces are smooth. The sphere
 
is at rest with respect to the cube. what is the total force exerted by the sphere on the cube
(g = 10 ms–2) y A B

(A) 29 N (B) 29 N
(C) 26 N (D) 89 N
D C

0 x

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20. A particle of mass 2 kg is initially at rest. A force acts on it whose magnitude changes with time. The
F (N)
force time graph is shown below.
The velocity of the particle after 10s is 20

(A) 10 ms-1 (B) 20 ms-1 10

(C) 75 ms-1 (D) 50 ms-1 0


t (s)

21. A block of mass 4 kg is placed on a rough horizontal plane. A time dependent force F = Kt 2 acts on

a block , where k = 2 N s 2 , co-efficient of friction µ  0.8 .Force of friction between the block and the
plane at t = 2 S is.....
(A) 32 N (B) 4 N (C) 2 N (D) 8 N
 ^ ^  ^ ^
22. A 7 kg object is subjected to two forces (in newton) F = 20i+30 j and F2 = 8i-5 j The magnitude of
1

resulting acceleration in ms–2 will be


(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
23. A car travelling at a speed of 30 km/h is brought to a halt in 8 metres by applying brakes. If the same
car is travelling at 60 km/h it can be brought to a halt with the same breaking power in
(A) 8 m (B) 16 m (C) 24 m (D) 32 m
24. A given object takes n times more time to slide down 450 rough inclined plane as it takes to slide down
a perfactly smooth 450 incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the incline is
1 1
(A) (B) 1  1 n 2 (C) 1  1 n 2 (D)
2  n2 1 - n2
25. Two bodies of equal masses revolve in circular orbits of radii R1 and R2 with the same period Their
centripetal forces are in the ratio.
2
2
 R2  R1 R
(A)  R  (B) R2 (C)  1 R  (D) R 1R2
 1  2

26. Two masses M and M


2 are joined together by means of light inextensible string passed over a
frictionless pulley as shown in fig. When the bigger mass is released, the small one will ascend with an
acceleration

3g
(A) g 3 (B)
2

(C) g (D) g 2
M
2

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27. A 0.5 kg ball moving with a speed of 12 ms-1 strikes a hard wall at an angle of 300 with the wall.
It is reflected with the same speed and at the same angle. If the ball is in contact with the wall for
0.025 S the average force acting on the wall is
(A) 96 N (B) 48 N (C) 24 N (D) 12 N
28 A shell of mass 200g is ejected from a gun of mass 4 kg by an explosion that generates 1.05 KJ of
energy. The initial velocity of the shell is
(A) 100 ms-1 (B) 80 ms-1 (C) 40 ms-1 (D) 120 ms-1
29. A gramophone record is revolving with an anguler velocity  A coin is placed at a distance r from the
centre of the record. The coefficient of static friction is µ . The coin will revolve with the record if
2 µg µg
(A) r = µ g2 (B) r   µg (C) r  (D) r 
2 2
30. A stone of mass 2 k g is tied to a string of length 0.5 m It the breaking tension of the string is 900N,
then the maximum angular velocity the stone can have in uniform circular motion is
(A) 30 rad/s (B) 20 rad/s (C) 10 rad/s (D) 25 rad/s
31. A body of mass 6 kg is hanging from another body of mass 10 kg as shown in fig. This conbination is
being pulled up by a string with an acceleration of 2 ms–2. the tension T1 is (g = 10 ms–2 )

T1
(A) 240 N
10 kg
(B) 150 N
(C) 220 N T2 a
(D) 192 N 6 kg

32. A sparrow flying in air sits on a stretched telegraph wire. If the weight of the sparrow is W ,which of the
following is true about the tension T produced in the wire?
(A) T = W (B) T < W (C) T = 0 (D) T >W
33. Fig. shows the displacement of a particle going along X-axis as a function of time. The force acting on
the particle is zero in the region
Y

(A) AB
Displacement

(B) BC B C

(C) CD
D
(D) None of these A
X
Time

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34. A Force (F) varies with time (t) as shown in fig. Average force over a complete cycle is-
F
F0
(A) Zero (B) 2
F0

0
(C) F0  (D) 2F0 t

35. A body of mass 0.05 kg is falling with acceleration 9.4 ms–2 . The force exerted by air opposite to
motion is N (g=9.8 ms–2)
(A) 0.02 (B) 0.20 (C) 0.030 (D) Zero
36. The average force necessary to stop a hammer with 25 NS momentun in 0.04 sec is ___________N
(A) 625 (B) 125 (C) 50 (D) 25
37. Newton's third law of motion leads to the law of consrevation of
(A) Angular momentum (B) Energy (C) mass (D) momentum
38. A ball falls on surface from 10 m height and rebounds to 2.5 m. If duration of contact with floor is
0.01 sec. then average aceleration during contact is _______________ms -2
(A) 2100 (B) 1400 (C) 700 (D) 400
39. A vehicle of 100 kg is moving with a velocity of 5 m s . To stop it in 110 sec, the required force
in opposite direction is _______________N
(A) 50 (B) 500 (C) 5000 (D) 1000
40. The linear momentum P of a particle varies with the time as follows. P  a  bt 2 Where a and b are
constants. The net force acting on the particle is _____________
(A) Proportional to t (B) Proportional to t2 (C) Zero (D) constant
41. A vessel containing water is given a constant acceleration a towards the right, along a straight horizontal
path. which of the following diagram represents the surface of the liquid ?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a a a a

42. A body of 2 kg has an initial speed 5 m/s. A force act on it for some time in the directine of motion.

The force ( F ) ---------time (t) graph is shown in figure. The final speed of the body is _________
F (N)

(A) 9.25 ms-1 (B) 5 ms-1 4

(C) 14.25 ms-1 (D) 4.25 ms-1 2.5

t (s)
2 4 4.5 6.5

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43. which of the following statement is correct?
(A) A body has a constant velocily but a varying speed.
(B) A body has a constant speed but a varying value of acceleration.
(C) A body has a constant speed and zero accelaration.
(D) A body has a constant speed but velocity is zero.
44. A force of 8 N acts on an object of mass 5kg in X- direction and another force of 6 N acts on it in Y -
direction. Hence, the magnitude of acceleration of object will be
(A) 1.5 ms–2 (B) 2.0 ms–2 (C) 2.5 ms–2 (D) 3.5 ms–2
45. Three forces are acting simultaneously on a particle C


moving with velocity V .These forces are represented
in magnitude and direction by the three sides of a
triangle ABC. The particle will now move with velocily A B
__________
 
(A) Less than v (B) greater than v
 
(C) v in the direction of the largest force BC (D) v remaining unchanged.
46. A plate of mass M is placed on a horizontal frictionless surface and a body of mass m is placed on this
plate, The coefficient of dynamic friction between this body and the plate is . If a force 2 mg. is
applied to the body of mass m along the horizonal direction the acceleration of the plate will be
________________
µm µm m
(A) g (B) M  m  g
M 2mg

M
2m 2m
(C) g (D) M  m  g
M
47. On the horizontal surface of a truck µ  0.6 , a block of mass 1 kg is placed. If the truck is
accelerating at the rale of 5 m / s 2 then frictional force on the block will be_____________N
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 5.88 (D) 8
48. Two blocks of nass 8 kg and 4 kg are connected a heavy string Placed on rough horizontal Plane, The
4 kg block is Pulled with a constant force F.The co-efficient of friction between the blocks and the
ground is 0.5, what is the value of F, So that the tension in the spring is constant throughout during
the motion of the blocks ? (g=10 ms–2)
(A) 40 N (B) 60 N
8 kg 4 kg F
(C) 50 N (D) 30 N

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49. Seven blocks, each of mass 1 kg are arranged one above the other as 7
shown in figure. what are the values of the contact forces exerted on 6
the third block by the forth and the second block respectively ?
( g = 10 ms-2 ) 4

2
(A) 40 N, 50 N (B) 50 N, 40 N
(C) 40 N, 20 N (D) 50 N, 30 N
50. A man is standing on a spring balance. Reading of spring balance is 60 kgf. If man jumps outside
balance, then reading of spring balance____________
(A) First increase than decreases to zero (B) Decreses
(C) Increases (D) Remains same
51. A car turns a corner on a slippery road at a constant speed of 10 m/s. If the coefficient of friction is
0.5, the minimum radius of the arc at which the car turns is_____________meter.
(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 5 (D) 4
52. A person standing on the floor of a lift drops a coin. The coin reaches the floor of the lift in time to if
the lift is stationary and the time t2 if it is accelerated in upward direction. Than
(A) t1  t 2 (C) t1  t 2
(B) t1 > t2 (D) Cannot say anything
53. A lift of mass 1000 kg is moving with an acceleration of 1 ms–2 in upward direction Tension developed
in the rope of lift is _________________N (g = 9.8 ms-2 )
(A) 9800 (B) 10,000 (C) 10,800 (D) 11,000
54. Three blocks of masses m 1,m2 and m3 are connected by massless strings as shown in figure, on a
frictionless table. They are Pulled with a force T3  40 N . If m1  10kg , m2  6 kg and
m3  4 kg the tension T2 will be =________________N

(A) 20 (B) 40 T1 T2 T3 = 40 N
m1 m2 m3
(C) 10 (D) 32
55. If the surfaccs shown in figure are frictionless, the ratio of T1 and T2 is __________

(A) 3 : 2 (B) 1 : 3 F
T2 T1
15kg 300
(C) 1 : 5 (D) 5 : 1 3kg 12kg

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56. Three masses 1 kg, 6 kg and 3 kg are connected to each T1 6 kg T2
other with threads and are placed on a table as shown in
figure. The alcceleration with which the system is moving
T1 T2
is ______ ms-2 (g=10ms-2)
1 kg 3 kg

(A) zero (B) 1


(C) 2 (D) 3
57. A rope which can withstand a maximum tension of 400 N hangs from a tree. If a monkey of mass 30 kg
climbs on the rope in which of the following cases-will the rope break?
(take g =10 ms-2 and neglect the mass of rope)
(A) When the monkey climbs with constant speed of 5 ms–1
(B) When the monkey climbs with constant acceleration of 2 ms–2
(C) When the monkey climbs with constant acceleration of 5 ms–2
(D) When the monkey climbs with the constant speed of 12 ms–1
58. An object of mass 3 kg is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s along a straight path. If a force of 12 N is
applied for 3 sec on the object in a perpendicuiar to its direction of motion.The magnitude of velocity
of the particle at the end of 3 sec is____________m/s.
(A) 5 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 4
59. Same forces act on two bodies of different mass 2 kg and 5 kg initialy at rest. The ratio of times
required to acquire same final velocity is ____________
(A) 5:3 (B) 25:4 (C) 4:25 (D) 2:5
 ^ ^
60. A body of mass 5 kg starts motion form the origine with an initial veiocily  0 =30 i +40 j m/s If a
 ^ ^
constant force F = – ( i +5 j)N acts on the body, than the time in which the Y-component of the
velocity becomes zero is __________________
(A) 5 s (B) 20 s (C) 40 s (D) 80 s
61. A Block of mass 300 kg is set into motion on a frictionless
horizontal surface with the help of frictionless pulley and a=1 ms-2
F
a rope system as shown in figure. What horizontal force
F should be applied to produce in the block an aeceleration
of 1 ms-2 ?
(A) 150 N (B) 100 N
(C) 300 N (D) 50 N

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62. A body of mass m rests on horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the body and the
surface is µ . If the body is Pulled by a force P as shown in figure, the limiting friction between body
and surface will be__________
 P

A) µmg (B) µ mg  2 
 

 P  3P 
(C) µ mg  2  (D)  mg  2 
   
A
63. Three blocks A , B, and C of equal mass m are placed one over
B
the other, one on a smooth horizontal ground as shown in C
figure. Coefficient of friction between any two blocks of A, B
and C is 0.5. What would be the maximum value of mass of
block D so that the blocks A, B and C move without slipping
over each other ?
(A) 3 m (B) 5 m D
(C) 6 m (D) 4 m
64. A train is moving along a horizontal track. A pendulum suspended from the roof makes an angle of 40
with the vertical, The acceleration of the train is ___________ms-2 (g = 10 ms-2 )
(A) 0.6 (B) 0.7 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.2
m
65. A bag of sand of mass m is suspended by rope. a bullet of mass is fired at it with a velocity υ
30
and gets emmbedded into it. The velocity of the bag finally is _________
31υ 30υ υ
(A) (B) (C) (D) υ 30
30 31 31
66. Three blocks having equal mass of 2 kg are hanging on a string passing over a
pulley as shown in figure. what will be the tension produced in a string connecting
the blocks B and C T2
A
B
(A) zero (B) 13.1 N T1
(C) 3.3 N (D) 19.6 N C

67. A partly hanging uniform chain of length L is resting on a rough horizontal table.  is the maximum
possible length that can hang in equilibrium The coefficient of friction between the chain and table is
____________
lL L l l
(A) (B) (C) (D)
L+l l L Ll

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68. As shown in figure,the block of 2 kg at one end and the other of 3 kg at the other end of a light string
are connected. It the system remains stationary find the magnitude and direction of the frictional force
(g = 10 ms-2 )

kg
(A) 20 N, downward on slope (B) 20 N, upward on slope 2

3 kg
(C) 10 N Downward on slope (D) 10 N upward on slope
0
30

69. A particle is resting over a smooth horizontal floor, At t = 0, a horizontal force starts acting on it.
Magnitude of the force increses with time according to law F = t , where  = is constant Match the
column after seeing the figure.
y
(ii)
Column-1 Column-2
(I)
(a) curve (i) shows. (p) velocity against time
(b) curve (ii) shows (q) velocity against acceleration
(r) acceleration against time x
(A) (i)-p (ii)-q (B) (i)-q, (ii)-r (C) (i)-r, (ii)-p (D) (i)-q, (ii)-p
70. A car of mass 1000 kg travelling at 32 m/s clashes into a rear of a truck of mass 8000 kg moving in the
same direction with a velocity of 4 m/s. After the collision the car bounces with a velocity of
8 ms–1. The velocity of truck after the impact is ____________m/s
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 9
71. A Block of mass m = 2 kg is resting on a rough inclined plane of inclination 300 as shown in fignre.
The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is µ =0.5 . What minimum force F shuld
be applied perpendicular to the plane of block so that block does not slip on the plane ? (g=10ms–2)
0
N = F + mg cos 30
(A) zero (B) 6.24N
(C) 2.68 N (D) 4.3 N
30 0

72. The upper half of an inclined plane of inclination θ is perfectly smooth while the lower half is rough A
body starting from the rest at top come back to rest at the bottom, then the coefficient of friction for the
lower half is given by____________
(A) μs  sinθ (B) μ s  cot θ (C) μ s  2cos θ (D) μ s  2 tan θ
73. A Block of mass m = 4 kg is placed over a rough inclined plane as shown in figure, The coefficient of
friction between the block and plane is µs = 0.6. A force F = 10 N is applied on the block of an
angle at 300. The contact force between the block and the plane is ___________
F 30 0

(A) 27.15 N (B) 16.32 N


(C) 10.65 N (D) 32.16 N 45 0

65
1 2
74. The motion of a particle of a mass m is describe by y  ut  gt . Find the force acting on the
2
particle.
(A) F = ma (B) F = mg (C) F = 0 (D) None of these
75. A balloon has a mass of 10 g in air, The air escapes from the balloon at a uniform rate with a velocity

of 5 cm s and the balloon shrinks completely in 2.5 sec. calculate the average force acting on the
balloon.
(A) 20 dyne (B) 5 dyne (C) 0 dyne (D) 10 dyne
76. Two bodies A and B each of mass m are fixed together by a massless spring A force F acts on the mass
B as shown in figure. At the instant shown, a body A has an acceleration a. what is the accelaration of
B?
F 
(A)  m  a 
 
(B) F–T A B
m m F
 F
(C)  a  m  (D) a
 
77. With what acceleration (a) should a box descend so that a block of mass M placed in it exerts a force
Mg
on the floor of the box?
4
4g 3g
(A) (B) (C) g 4 (D) 3g
3 4
78. A mass of 6 kg is suspended by a rope of length 2 m form the ceiling.
A force of 50 N in the horizontal dircction is applied at the mid Point T1
P of the rope- as shown in figure. what is the angle the rope makes P 50 N
with the vertical in equilibrium ? (g = 10 ms-2) Neglect mass of the
rope. 1m T2
(A) 400 (B) 300 w
(C) 350 (D) 450
60 N

79. The minimum force required to start pushing a body up a rough (cofficient of µ ) inclined plane is F1.
While the minimum force needed to prevent it from sliding down is F2. If the inclined plane makes an
F1
angle  from the horizontal. such that tan   2 than the ratio F is
2

(A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

66
80. When forces F1, F2, F3 are acting on a particle of mass m such that F2 and F3 are mutually perpendicular,
then the particle remains stationary. If the force F1 is now removed than the acceleration of the
particle is
Fb FF
1 2 F2 - F3 F2
(A) 0
(B) (C) (D)
m m m m

Asseration and reason type question


Asseration and reason are given in following question. Each question have four options. One of them is
correct select it.
(a) Asseration is true. Reason is true and reason is correct explanatin for Assertion.
(b) Asseration is true. Reason is ture but reason is not the correct explanatin of assertion.
(c) Asseration is ture. Reason is false.
(d) Asseration is false. Reason is true.
81. Asseration : Frictional forces are conservative forces.
Reason : Potential energy can be associated with frictional forces.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
82. Asseration : A body of mass 1 kg is moving with an accelaration of 1ms-1. The rate of change of its
momentum is 1 N.
Reason : The rate of change of momentum of body = force applied on the body.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
83. Asseration : A body falling freely under gravity becomes weightless.
Reason : R = m(g – a) = m(g – g) = 0
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
84. Asseration : It is difficult to move bike with its breaks on.
Reason : Rolling friction is converted into sliding friction, which is comparatively larger.
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d

Comprehension :-
According to newton's second low of mation, F= ma, where F is the force required to produce an
accelaration a in a body of mass m. If a = 0 than F = 0. If a force acts on a body for t seconds, the effect of
the force is given by impulse = F  t = change in linear momentum of the body.

67
with the help of the passage given above, choose the most appropriate alternative for each of the
following questions.
85 A cricket ball of mass 150 g. is moving with a velocity of 12 m/s and is hit by a bat so that the ball
is turned back with a velocity of 20 m/s. If duration of contact between the ball and the bat is
0.01 sec. The impulse of the force is
(A) 7.4 NS (B) 4.8 NS (C) 1.2 NS (D) 4.7 NS
86. Average force exerted by the bat is
(A) 480 N (B) 120 N (C) 1200 N (D) 840 N
87. The force acting on a body whose linear momentum changes by 20 kgms-1 in 10 sec is
(A) 2 N (B) 20 N (C) 200 N (D) 0.2 N
88. An impulsive force of 100 N acts on a body for 1 sec What is the change in its linear momentum ?
(A) 10 N-S (B) 100 N-S (C) 1000 N-S (D) 1 N-S
89. Match the column
Column - I Column - II
(a) Body lying on a horizontal surface (p) is a self adjusting force
(b) Static friction (q) is a maximum value of static friction
(c) Limiting friction (r) is less than limiting friction
(d) Dynamic friction (s) force of friction = 0
(A) a-s, b-p, c-q, d-r (B) a-p, b-q, c-r, d-s
(C) a-s, b-r, c-q, d-p (D) a-r, b-q, c-p, d-s
90. A block B, placed on a horizontal surface is pulled with initial velocity V. If the coefficient of kinetic
friction between surface and block is  , than after how much time, block will come to rest ?
v gµ g v
(A) gµ (B) (C) (D) g
v v
91. As shown in figure a block of mass m is attached with a cart. If the coefficient of static friction between
the surface of cart and block is  than what would be acceleration  of cart to prevent the falling of
block ?
mg g
(A) α  µ (B) α  µm

g g
(C) α  µ (D) α  µ

68
92. A particle of mass m is at rest at t = 0. The force exerting on it in x-direction is F(t) = Foe-bt . Which one
of the following graph is of speed V  t   t
(A) F0 b (B) F0 b
m m

vt vt
t t

(C) F0 b
(D)
F0 b
m m

vt vt
t t

KEY NOTE
1 C 31 D 61 A 91 C
2 C 32 D 62 C 92 B
3 C 33 A 63 A
4 D 34 A 64 B
5 B 35 A 65 C
6 A 36 A 66 B
7 B 37 D 67 D
8 A 38 A 68 A
9 D 39 C 69 C
10 B 40 A 70 D
11 A 41 C 71 C
12 B 42 C 72 D
13 C 43 C 73 A
14 C 44 B 74 B
15 C 45 D 75 A
16 C 46 A 76 A
17 C 47 A 77 B
18 C 48 B 78 A
19 C 49 B 79 D
20 D 50 A 80 A
21 D 51 A 81 D
22 A 52 C 82 A
23 D 53 C 83 A
24 B 54 D 84 A
25 B 55 D 85 B
26 A 56 C 86 A
27 C 57 C 87 A
28 A 58 C 88 B
29 C 59 D 89 A
30 A 60 C 90 A

69
HINT
 v2  u2 
1. F = ma = m  2S 
 

u2
2. H max   u  2g H max
2g
This velocity is supplied to the ball by hand and initially the hand was at rest. It acquires this velocity
in distance of 0.2 meter.
u2
 a 
2S
So upword force F = m (g+a)
3. According to newton's second law force = rate of change of linear momentum.

^ ^

4. P  t   A  i cos kt  j sin kt 
 
 d  
F  P( t ) 
dt  

 ^ ^

= Ak   i sin kt  j cos kt 
 

F.P  A 2 k   cos kt.sin kt  sin kt.cos kt 

F. P  0
5. As weight W = mg = 9.8 N
 m = 1 Kg

a Fm

6. At 10.5 sec the lift is moving upword with acceleration


0  3.6
a  1.8 ms 2
2
Tension in rope T = m (g-a)
= 1000 (9.8 - 1.8)
= 8000 N

70
V 1
7. t t  (V is constant)
a a
t1 a 2 m1 2 1 1
     [ a as F is constant]
t 2 a1 m 2 4 2 m

n  mv -  -mv   2nmv
9. P= F = =
A A A


 ^ ^
11. P  Px i  Py j , F  dp

dt
 
Now F . P  0  θ  90o

 dv 
12. Force exerted by ball, F  m  
 dt 
13. vy = 40 ms–1 Fy = –5 N m = 5 kg
Fy
So ay =  1 ms 1
m

as v y  u y  at
0 = 40 –1t  t = 40s
14. Swimming is a result of pushing water in the opposite direction of the motion
15. Gas will cane out with sufficient speed in forward direction, So recetion of this forward force wil change
the reading of the spring balance.
16. According to the principle of conservation of linear momentum

1000× 50 = 1250× v \ v = 40 km h

17. impulse = P  m  v f  vi 
 ^ ^
ay
19. As υ  5t i  2t j

 ^ ^
a  5i  2 j ax

 ^ ^
F  ma x i  m  g  a y  i max
 2
1F 1  m ax 2   g  a y 
m(g+ay)
= 26 N
71
20. Velocity after 10 sec.
1
υ (Area enclosed between F - t graph) = 50 ms-1
2
21. Fmax = µ mg = 0.8  4  10 = 32 N
applied force at t = 2S is
F = kt2 = 2(2)2 = 8 N
The body fails to move. Hence the force of friction at t = 2s = applied force = 8 N
  
22. F  F1  F 2

 a Fm

23. Here distance d2


as υ is doubled, d becomes 4 times.
1 2S
24. S  ut  at 2 as u = 0 t 
2 a
for smooth plane a = gsin θ
For rough plane a1  g (sinθ-μ cos θ)

2S 2S
 t1   t1  nt  n
g  sin θ-μ cos θ  g sinθ

 n 2g  sin θ-μ cos θ   g sin θ

When θ = 45o sin θ = cos θ = 1 2  µ  1- 1


n2
2 2
mv 2 m  R  2  42 mR
25. F    mR   
R R T  T2

As m and T are same for two bodies


F R

a
 m1  m 2  g
26.
m1  m 2

 MM 
 2 g g
MM   3
 2

72
27. As impulse = change in linear momentun

Ft = 2mvsin300 2msin30
 F
t
m1 v
28. m1v1 +m2v2 = 0 v2 = v1 = - 1
m2 20

1 2 1 2
Now E = m1v1 + m2 v2
2 2
By solving weight v1 = 100 ms-1
29. The coin will revolve with the record if centrifugal force mrw2 < f
 mr2 <µR<µmg

µg
r<
2

30. F  mr 2    F  30 rad
mr s
31. Total mass pulled up m = 10 + 6 = 6 kg
 T1  mg  a 
33. d-t graph AB is linier
 Velocity is uniforce
a = 0  F = 0
35. Fair  mg  a 

P 25
36. F   625 N
t 0.04

38. v0  2 gh1 and v  2 gh1

madt  m  v2  v1 

v2  v1
 a 
dt
dp
40. F  0  2bt  Ft
dt

42. F .t  m  v2  v1  and

F.t  Area of lower part of graph F  t

73
44. F  F1  F2
2 2
and a  F M
46. Resultant force F = 2 µ mg- µ mg = µ mg

accleration in plate a  F m
48. a 0 T  8µg  F  T  4µg
2
51. v  µrg r v
µg

1 2 1
52. d gt1 and d   g  a  t 22
2 2
By comparing both eqn.
1 2 1
gt1   g  a  t 22
2 2
 t1  t 2
53. Tensile force T = m(g+a)
T3 m1  m 2 
54. Tensile force T2  m  m  m
1 2 3

F
55. acceleration a  m  m  m
1 2 3

T2  m1a
T1  m1  m2  a

 3 1 
56. acceleration a    10
 1 3  6 
57. Calculate F = m (g+a)
 
58. P  F  t
m (vy–v0y ) = F  t v y  12 j

and resultant velocity of t = 3 Sec v  vx 2  v y 2

59. Ft1  m1  v-v0   m1υ1

Ft2  m2  v -v0   m2 v

t1 m1
 
t2 m2

74
 Vy  V0 
60. Fy = m  
 t 

61. Tension T = 2 F  ma =2F F = ma 2

62. N + P sin θ = mg  N = mg - P sin θ = mg - P 2


limiting friction Fs = µ s N
Fmax g
63. Fs (max)  µ s M A g a max  
mA 2

D m g
and a max  3m  m  M D  3m
D

OR T1  T2  T3  W

1
µmg  2 µmg  3 µmg  M D .g  M D  6 µm  6  m  3 m
2
64. ma = mg sin θ  a = 10 sin 4o  a = 0.7 ms-2
65. According to the low of conservation of momentum
m  m v
v  m  v v 
30  30  31
66. for Block A T2 -2g = 2a ....(1)
for block B T1 +2g-T2= 2a ....(2)
for block C 2g - T1= 2a ....(3)
Adding (1) & (2) T1 = 4a ....(4)
m  m
from (3) & (4) 2g-4a = 2a v  m  v  a  g
30  30  3

g
 T1  4a  4  3  13.1 N

M
67. µ
L
Weight of chain of lenght  = µg
Weight of a chain of lenght ( L   ) = µ L -   g
f S  µ s R  µ s µ(L-) g and f S  µg


 µg  µ s .µ  L-  g  µs 
L

75
68. for 3 kg body m1a = m1g-T T  m1g  m1a......(1)

m2 g
for 2 kg body T - m2 gsin θ = m2a  T  m2a  ......(2)
2
from (1) and (2) a = g = 10 ms-2
fS = m 2a=20 N

dp t 2
69. F  t   t  P    tdt  mv 
dt 2
 vα t 2 Which shows graph of v  t 2 is parabola so (ii) - (P)
dv 1 m
now  (2t )
dt 2 
 a α t Which shows graph of a - t is linier so (i)....R
  1 1
70. according to eqn m1 v1  m2 v2  m1 v1  m2 v2  v2  9 m s
1

71. N  F  mg cos 30 and mg sin 30  µ s N


72. For upper half v 2 - v02 = 2 ad

2  0  2g sin θ  µ 2 v 2  gl sin 

For lower half v12  v02  2a 'd



0  gl sin   2g sin    s cas.  µ 2  2 tan θ
2
73. N  F sin 30  mg cos 45

fs max   µ s N †ÃÜå fc  N2 +fs2  max 

dp d  dm 
75. F   mv     .v
dt dt  dt 

dm 10 4gram cm
sec and v  5
 
dt 2.5 s

76. ma'  F  T ma'  F  ma  a'  F m  a

77. As the box is descending


 R  mg  a 
mg 3g
 mg  ma a 
4 4

76
78. T1 sin θ  50 N and T1 cos θ  60 N

 tan θ  5 4  θ  400

79. F1  mgsin θ  µ cos θ 


F2  mgsin θ  µ cos θ 

F1 tan θ  µ 2µ  µ
 F  tan θ - µ  2µ - µ  3
2

F
80. Here F1  F2  F3  a  1 a

90. v  v0  at as v  0 and v0  v

V
a f  ma µmg  ma
t
V V
µg  t 
t µg
91. pseudo force exerted on block F = m α
force of friction f = µN  μmα
when f W, bolck will not tall

 μmα  mg α  g
m
92. F(t) = F0e–bt
F0 bt dv Fo bt Fo  bt
 ma = F0e a = e dt
–bt e dv  e dt
m

dt
 m m
Integrating
t t
Fo bt Fo  e  bt  Fo
v
m
e dt  v  
m  b  0
  v
mb
1  ebt 
0

which is exponential function So graph (b) is true.

77

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