Structural Concrete Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors, roofs,bridges, and other

types of structures. The slab may be supported by walls, by

reinforced concrete beams usually cast monolithically with the slab, by structural steel beams, by columns, or by the ground. The depth of a slab is usually very small compared to its span.

Concrete slab is a common structural element of modern building. That is usually horizontal and has smaller thickness comparative of its span.

Slabs are used Structural Concrete Slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors, roofs,bridges, and other types of structures. The slab may be
supported by walls, by to furnish a flat and useful surface in reinforced concrete construction.

Horizontal slabs of steel reinforced concrete, typically between 4 and 20 inches (100 and 500 millimeters) thick, are most often used to construct
floors and ceilings, while thinner slabs are also used for exterior paving.

A concrete slab may be prefabricated or on site. Prefabricated concrete slabs are built in a factory and transported to the site, ready to be lowered into place between
steel or concrete beams. They may be pre-stressed (in the factory), post-stressed (on site), or unstressed. It is vital that the wall supporting structure is built to the correct
dimensions, or the slabs may not fit.

In situ concrete slabs are built on the building site using formwork - a type of boxing into which the wet concrete is poured. If the slab is to be reinforced, the rebars are
positioned within the formwork before the concrete is poured in. Plastic tipped metal, or plastic bar chairs are used to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the
form-work, so that when the concrete sets it completely envelops the reinforcement. For a ground slab, the form-work may consist only of sidewalls pushed into the
ground. For a suspended slab, the form-work is shaped like a tray, often supported by a temporary scaffold until the concrete sets.

A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting against bending. The bending force induced into the
material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.

A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of
the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of
the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member Columns are frequently used to
support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional
and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes
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HINGED SUPPORT It is type of beam in which one end is hinged and another is free or fixed. A hinged support can resist both vertical and
horizontal forces but not a moment.