MICROSTRUCTURE OF FEMALE

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Laboratorium Histologi FK UMP
Female Reproductive System

 The internal reproductive organs (the paired ovaries

and oviducts, the uterus, and the vagina

 The the external genitalia (the clitoris, the labia

majora, and the labia minora).
OVARIES

 Almond-shaped bodies 3 cm long, 1.5 to 2 cm wide, and

1 cm thick, each approximately 14 g

 Covered by a simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium,

the germinal epithelium

 Directly beneath this epithelium is the tunica albuginea

 Each ovary is subdivided cortex and a medulla

 Development of the Ovary

first month of the second month of the fifth month

embryonic life intrauterine life

• primordial germ • 600,000 oogonia • more than 7 million

cells migrates from
the yolk
sacgonadal
primordiaoogonia

seventh month of puberty woman's

pregnancy reproductive life

•Oogonia •300.000 – •only about 450

Primary oocytes 400.000 oocytes oocytes are
•The remaining liberated
oogonia  •8000 oocytes
Atresia are left, around
40–45
Ovarian Follicles
 Primordial, primary, secondary, and
graafian
 Ovarian follicle = oocyte + follicular
cells, or granulosa cells
Primordial Follicles
 The most primitive
follicles
 Primary oocyte
enveloped + single
layer of squamous
follicular cells
 spherical cell about 25
µm in diameter
 Large Nucleus, pale
appearance
Primary Follicles
 100 to 150 μm
 Unilaminar and multilaminar (preantral follicle )
 Follicular cells  cuboidal  further growth  stratified
follicular epithelium (granulosa cells)
 Zona pellucida
 Formation of theca interna (cellular layer) dan theca externa
(fibrous connective tissue)
Secondary (Antral) Follicles

 Secondary
Follicles = primary
follicles + liquor
of folliculi
 200 μm
Graafian (Mature) Follicles

 2.5 cm by the time

of ovulation
 Cumulus oophorus
 Corona radiata
Stages of Ovarian Follicular
Development
Ovulation
 The process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the
graafian follicle
 corpus hemorrhagicum/corpus rubrum  corpus luteum
(granulosa-lutein cells + theca-lutein cells)
 No fertilization → Corpus albicans
 Fertilization → corpus luteum gravidarum (corpus Luteum of
pregnancy for 4–5 months )
Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes)
 A conduit for spermatozoa to reach the primary oocyte and to convey the fertilized
egg to the uterus

 Infundibulum, fimbriae

 Ampulla

 Isthmus

 Intramural region

 Mucosa

 The simple columnar epithelium

 Nonciliated peg cells

 Ciliated cells

 lamina propria

 Muscularis

 Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

 Serosa
UTERUS
 Muscular, pear shaped
organ
 7 cm long, 4 cm wide,
and 2.5 cm thick
 Fundus, body, and cervix
Body and Fundus
 Endometrium, myometrium, adventitia/serosa.
 Endometrium
 Simple columnar epithelium and a lamina propria
 Nonciliated secretory columnar cells and ciliated cells
 Layers
 Functionalis (sup) >> dinamis
 Basalis (>>myo)
 Myometrium
 Inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal
layers of smooth muscle
 Pregnancy
 Hyperplasia (Z) & hypertrophy (S)
 Significant increase in uterine collagen content
 Uterine Serosa and Adventitia (Perimetrium)
 Squamous mesothelial cells
 Connective tissue
Menstrual Cycle
 Start between 12 and 15 years of age and continue until about
age 45–50 years
 The cycle is a 28-day cycle, divided into:
 Menstrual Phase (Days 1 to 4)
 Proliferative (Follicular) Phase (Days 4 to 14) (FSH-Estrogene)
TCell (TI; endocrine)  androstenedione  at GC layer 
aromatase  andro; estradiolestro
 Secretory (Luteal) Phase (Days 15 to 28) (LH-Progesterone)
CL  progesterone
Menstrual Phase (Days 1 to 4)
 Desquamation of the
functionalis layer of the
endometrium
 Vessel ruptured
Bleeding
Proliferative (Follicular) Phase (Days 4
to 14)

 Reepithelialization of the
lining of the endometrium,
reconstruction of the glands,
connective tissue, and the
coiled arteries of the lamina
propria; and renewal of the
functionalis

 Functional layer becomes

much thicker (up to 2-3 mm)
Secretory (Luteal) Phase (Days 15 to 28)

 Thickening of the
endometrium
 Accumulation glycogen
secretions
 The endometrium is
about 5 mm thick
CERVIX

 The cervix is the lower, cylindrical part of the uterus terminal

end of the uterus-extends into the vagina

 The lumen = mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

 External surface = stratified squamous nonkeratinized

epithelium
 The mucosa of the cervix contains the mucous cervical glands

 Ovulation = watery mucous, allow penetration of the uterus by

sperm

 In the luteal phase or in pregnancy = viscous mucous and

prevent the passage of sperm, as well as microorganisms, into
the body of the uterus
VAGINA
 The
ThreeLumen
layered
= stratified
fibromuscular
squamous
sheathnonkeratinized epithelium

(150
Threetolayers:
200μmmucosa,
thick), some keratohyalin
muscularis, and adventitia
 No glands
The in the
lamina ephitelium
propria = loose fibroelastic connective tissue
containing a rich vascular supply

The muscularis = circular and longitudinal smooth muscle,

mostly Longitudinal

The adventitia = Dense, fibroelastic connective tissue, rich

vascular supply
EXTERNAL GENITALIA

 Labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, and clitoris

 Labia Majora
 Skin fold, adipose tissue >>, thin smooth muscle
 Covered with coarse hair
 Numerous sweat glands and sebaceous glands
 Homologous of male scrotum
 The Labia Minora
 Smaller skin fold
 Medial and slightly deep to the labia majora
 Devoid of hair follicles and adipose tissue
 Spongy connective tissue containing elastic fibers
 Contain numerous sebaceous glands and are richly supplied
with blood vessels and nerve endings
 The cleft = the vestibule,
 receives secretions of
the glands of Bartholin, and many
small minor vestibular glands.
 the orifices of the urethra and the vagina
 fibrovascular tissue= hymen
 Homologues of the urethral surface of the penis
 The clitoris is located between the folds of the labia minora
superiorly
 The clitoris, the female homologue of the penis
 Covered by stratified squamous epithelium
 Composed of two erectile bodies containing numerous blood
vessels and sensory nerves, including Meissner's and pacinian
corpuscles
MAMMARY GLANDS

 Tubuloalveolar glands that consist of 15 to 20 lobes radiating out

from the nipple and are separated from each other by adipose and
collagenous connective tissue.

 Produce milk containing proteins, lipids, and lactose as well as

lymphocytes and monocytes, antibodies, minerals, and fat-soluble
vitamins, to provide the proper nourishment for the newborn