xc

g Proj: Admin
Ref :
Tel:d Date: 24/08/17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Trussed beam

AB is a continuous rectangular timber beam, CD is a cast iron strut braced to the beam ends A and B by wrought iron tie-rods
AD and BD.
The stresses due to loads carried on AB may be conveniently found by general rule:
suppose that two elements, a and b, jointly or "in parallel", resist a load, and in consequence exert upon each other a force F,
tending to deform a and restore b, say; let X0 be the deflection of b, say, due to the load if a were removed. Let the stiffness or
forces per unit displacement, in the direction of a and b, be ea and eb respectively, let 1/ea and 1/ed be called their respective
"elasticities". Then the actual deflection,
F/ea=X0-F/eb hence F=X0/(1/ea+1/eb)
or action of a on b = strain of b acting alone/sum of elasticities
Refer to :Theory of structures" by A Morles, published by Longmans.

Beam properties
Length of beam Lb = 6m
Elastic modulus of beam Eb = 8800 N/mm2
Depth of beam Db = 250 mm
Width of beam Wb = 47 mm
Area of beam cross-section Ab = 0.012 m2
Moment of inertia of beam Ib = 6119.79 cm4
Section modulus of beam Zb = 489.58 cm3

Strut properties
Length of strut Ls = 0.6 m
Elastic modulus of strut Es = 93 kN/mm2
Area of strut As = 150 cm2

Tie properties
Elastic modulus of tie Et = 185 kN/mm2
Area of tie At = 5 cm2
Length of tie Lt = ((Lb/2)2+Ls2)0.5
= ((6/2)2+(0.6)2)0.5
= 3.06 m

Calculation of elasticity
Elasticity of strut CD es = Ls/(Es*As)
= 0.6/((9.3*107)*0.015)
= 4.3E-07 m/kN
Elasticity for two ties AD & BD et = Lt3/(2*Ls2*At*Et)
= (3.06)3/(2*(0.6)2*0.0005*(1.85*108))
= 0.00043 m/kN
Elasticity for beam in compression
ebc = Lb3/(16*Ls2*Ab*Eb)
= (6)3/(16*(0.6)2*0.012*8800000)
= 0.00036 m/kN
Elasticity for beam in bending ebd = Lb3/(48*Ib*Eb)
= (6)3/(48*(6.12*10-5)*8800000)
 = 0.0084 m/kN
Total elasticity TE = es+et+ebc+ebd
= (4.3*10-7)+(4.3*10-4)+(3.63*10-4)+(8.36*10-3)
= 0.0091 m/kN

Load details
UDL on beam w1 = 12 kN/m
Point load on beam w2 = 2 kN
Distance to point load from A a = 2m

Forces in trussed beam

UDL on beam (w1)
Deflection at C for unbraced beam
D (1) = 5*w1*Lb4*1000/(384*Eb*Ib)
c
= 5*12*(6)4*1000/(384*8800000*(6.12*10-5))
= 376.02 mm
Hence thrust in strut Fs(1) = D (1)/(TE*1000)
c
= Dc(1)/((9.15*10-3)*1000)
= 41.1 kN
Pull in each tie rod Ft(1) = Fs(1)*0.5*Lt/Ls
= Fs(1)*0.5*3.06/0.6
= 104.78 kN
Thrust in beam Fb(1) = 0.5*Fs(1)*Lb/(2*Ls)
= 0.5*Fs(1)*6/(2*0.6)
= 102.75 kN
Vertical reaction at A V (1) = w1*Lb/2
a
= 12*6/2
= 36 kN
Position of zero shear x = 0.5*(2*V (1)-Fs(1))/w1
a
= 0.5*(2*Va(1)-Fs(1))/12
= 1.29 m
Shear in beam at ends(A) or(B) S (1) = V (1)-Ft(1)*Ls/Lt
a a
= Va(1)-Ft(1)*0.6/3.06
= 15.45 kN
Shear in beam at centre(C) S (1) = S (1)-(Lb/2)*w1
c a
= Sa(1)-(6/2)*12
= -20.55 kN
Maximum sagging moment M = S (1)*x-0.5*w1*x2
a
= Sa(1)*1.29-0.5*12*(1.29)2
= 9.95 kNm
Bending moment in beam at C M = S (1)*Lb/2-V (1)*Lb/4
c a a
= Sa(1)*6/2-Va(1)*6/4
= -7.65 kNm
Maximum bending moment in beam Mm = ABS(M)
= ABS(9.95)
= 9.95 kNm
Top fibre bending stress fbs(1) = M/Zb
= 9.95/(4.9*10-4)
= 20316.14 kN/m2 (sagging)
Extreme fibre bending stress fbs(1) = ABS(fbst)
= ABS(0)
= 0 kN/m2
Axial stress in beam fas(1) = Fb(1)/Ab
= Fb(1)/0.012
= 8744.51 kN/m2
Maximum compressive stress fmc(1) = fas(1)+fbs(1)
= 8744.51 kN/m2
Maximum tensile stress fmt(1) = 0

Point load on beam (w2) at a distance 2 m from end A

Position ratio n = a/Lb
= 2/6
= 0.33
Deflection at C for unbraced beam
D (2) = w2*Lb3*n*(3-4*n2)*1000/(48*Eb*Ib)
c
= 2*(6)3*0.33*(3-4*(0.33)2)*1000/(48*8800000*(6.12*10-5))
= 14.24 mm
Hence thrust in strut Fs(2) = D (2)/(TE*1000)
c
= Dc(2)/((9.15*10-3)*1000)
= 1.56 kN
Pull in each tie-rod Ft(2) = Fs(2)*0.5*Lt/Ls
= Fs(2)*0.5*3.06/0.6
= 3.97 kN
Thrust in beam Fb(2) = 0.5*Fs(2)*Lb/(Ls*2)
= 0.5*Fs(2)*6/(0.6*2)
= 3.89 kN
Reaction at A V (2) = w2*(Lb-a)/Lb
a
= 2*(6-2)/6
= 1.33 kN
Beam shear at A S (2) = w2*(1-n)-0.5*Fs(2)
a
= 2*(1-0.33)-0.5*Fs(2)
= 0.56 kN
Bending moment in beam at load Ml = S (2)*a
a
= Sa(2)*2
= 1.11 kNm
Extreme fibre bending stress fbs(2) = Ml/Zb
= 1.11/(4.9*10-4)
= 2268.56 kN/m2
Axial stress in beam fas(2) = Fb(2)/Ab
= Fb(2)/0.012
= 331.07 kN/m2
Maximum compressive stress fmc(2) = fas(2)+fbs(2)
= 2599.62 kN/m2
Maximum tensile stress fmt(2) = fas(2)-fbs(2)
= -1937.49 kN/m2

Summary of forces
Reaction at A V = 37.33 kN
a
Thrust in beam Fb = 106.64 kN
Maximum moment due to w1 Mm = 9.95 kNm
Moment under load w2 Ml = 1.11 kNm
Thrust in strut Fs = 42.66 kN
Pull in each tie-rod Ft = 108.75 kN
Shear force at A S = 16.01 kN
a
Axial stress in beam fas = 9075.58 kN/m2