SETUP OF APPARATUS

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
CONCLUSION

This experiment therefore investigated several factors that may affect the value of the
discharge coefficient. The discharge through the orifice was determined by measuring the rate
of change of the water level in the tank versus time. A water level versus volume drained
calibration was used to find the rate of change of volume over time, and hence the discharge
coefficient.

The experiment determined that the discharge coefficient increased with decreasing head
values. The study also found that the discharge coefficient decreased as the height above the
floor was increased, up to a certain point. Another factor found to affect the discharge
coefficient was the orifice diameter to riser diameter. The discharge coefficient decreases as
the diameter is increased. It is postulated that most of the changes to the discharge coefficient
are a result of changes to the contraction of the jet exiting the orifice.
ANALYSIS

The experiment has been successfully performed. First, we get the inside diameter
of the orifice we used using a caliper and calculated its area. The measured area of our
orifice is 2.14x10-5 m2. Using the stopwatch, we recorded the time of flow until we get the
desired amount of water in our cylinder. The height of the water in our cylinder is 0.40m.
The value of height of the other groups depends on their desired amount of water. The
value of our volume is 6.6x10-4 m3. The recorded time in our stopwatch until we get 0.40m
of height is 13.40 seconds. The calculated rate of discharge from the orifice is 2.86 m3/s.
The rate of discharge from the volume of water and time is 4.92x10-5 m3/s. The difference
from the two discharge is 0.2.
SAMPLE COMPUTATION

AREA

Diameter = 5.225x10-4 m

A = π (5.225x10-4 m) 2/4

A = 2.14x10-5 m2

RATE OF DISCHARGE

Vt = √2𝑔ℎv

Vt = √2 (9.807)(0.40𝑚)

= 2.80 m/s

Qt = (Area) (Velocity)

Qt = (2.14x10-5) (2.80)

Qt = 5.99x10-5 m3/s

CD = 0.82

QO = A x Vt x CD

QO = (5.99x10-5 m3/s) ( 0.82)

QO = 4.91x10-5 m3/s

Qvt = Volume/Time

Qvt = 6.6x10-4 m3/13.40s

Qvt = 4.92x10-5 m3/s

% Diff = ((QO-Qvt)/QO) 100

% Diff = ((4.91x10-5 -4.92x10-5)/ 4.91x10-5) 100

% Diff = 0.2 %
GRAPH