What is Water Resources Engineering?

Water resources engineering has its roots in the tasks of supplying water for
human use, removing water when humans are finished using it, and developing methods
of avoiding damage from excess water (floods). Much of the work of water resource
engineers involves the planning and management of constructed facilities that address
these tasks. Positions for undergraduates and graduates who specialize in water
resources engineering can be found in both engineering consulting firms and in
government entities charged with supplying water or dealing with its hazards.

Also, it is the quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle -- the distribution and
circulation of water linking the earth's atmosphere, land and oceans. Surface runoff is
measured as the difference between precipitation and abstractions, such as infiltration
(which replenishes groundwater flow), surface storage and evaporation. Applications
include the management of the urban water supply, the design of urban storm-sewer
systems, and flood forecasting.

Hydraulic engineering consists of the application of fluid mechanics to water

flowing in an isolated environment (pipe, pump) or in an open channel (river, lake, ocean).
Civil engineers are primarily concerned with open channel flow, which is governed by the
interdependent interaction between the water and the channel.

Applications include the design of hydraulic structures, such as sewage conduits,

dams and breakwaters, the management of waterways, such as erosion protection and
flood protection, and environmental management, such as prediction of the mixing and
transport of pollutants in surface water. Hydroelectric-power development, water supply,
irrigation and navigation are some familiar applications of water resources engineering
involving the utilization of water for beneficial purposes. More recently, concern for
preserving our natural environment and meeting the needs of developing countries has
increased the importance of water resources engineering.
Hardy Cross Method

The Hardy Cross technique is an iterative strategy for deciding the stream in pipe
network systems, where the data sources as input and output results are known; yet, the
stream inside the system is unknown.

The Hardy Cross strategy is an adjustment of the Moment dissemination

technique, which was additionally created by Hardy Cross as an approach to decide the
ways in uncertain structures. Prior to the technique of Hardy Cross method, the method
used for solving the complex pipe network systems was very tough because of the
nonlinear relationship between head loss and stream.

The strategy was later made out of date by computer software's explaining
calculations utilizing the Newton–Raphson technique or other methods that keep the need
to solve nonlinear systems of conditions by hand.

Consider an example of Hardy Cross method using the closed loop systems.

This shows that there two junctions 1 and 2, inflow and outflow, to and from the
system. From the principle of Hardy Cross method, it states that the total inflow is equal
to the total outflow. The flow diagram of pipe network junction 1 is shown in this next
figure.
From this figure, at junction point 1 write the total inflow and total outflow of the closed
loop system.

For Junction point 1.

At junction point 2 write the total inflow and total outflow of the closed loop system.

For Junction point 2.