SECTION 16220

ELECTRIC MOTORS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION:

A. Low voltage electric motors and accessories, furnished under other Sections, and which
are a part of equipment assemblies shall be in conformance with the requirements
specified in this Section, unless otherwise noted.

B. Unless otherwise specified, all electric motors furnished and installed shall conform to
the requirements specified herein.

1. Motors rated at 380 VAC which are powered from Variable Frequency Drives
shall be inverter duty rated as per NEMA - MG-1 or acceptable IEC/BS standard.

2. Motors shall be premium efficient as per NEMA-MG-1 or acceptable IEC/BS

standard.

3. Motors Shall be rated for full load operation at an ambient temperature of 50

degrees C.

1.02 RELATED WORK:

A. Division 1: General Requirements

B. Section 16260: Low Voltage Variable Frequency Drives

C. Division 11: Equipment

D. Division 15: Mechanical

E. Section 16050: Electrical Work - General

F. Section 16359: Electrical System Studies

G. Section 16450: Grounding

H. Section 16998: Field Inspection and Acceptance Tests

1.03 REFERENCES - As specified herein or equivalent IEC or BS Standards:

A. National Electrical Code (NEC).

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 B. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)

C. National Electrical Manufacturers Assoc. (NEMA)

1. NEMA Standard MG-1 – Motors and Generators

2. NEMA WP-1 – Enclosed Electric Motor

D. American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA)

E. American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

F. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

1. IEEE Standard 112 – Test Procedures for Polyphase Induction Motor and
Generators

2. IEEE Standard 85 – Airborne Sound Measurements on Rotating Electric

Machinery, Test Procedure for

3. IEEE Standard 429 – Evaluation of Sealed Insulation Systems for AC Electric

Machinery Employing Form – Wound Stator Coils

4. IEEE Standard 841 – Service Duty Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) Squirrel
Cage Induction Motors

G. Equivalent British/European codes and standards may be used; however, the equivalency
shall be demonstrated and submitted by the Contractor and approved by the CM/CS.

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1.04 SUBMITTALS:

A. Shop drawings: Submit the following in accordance with Section 01300 and as specified
herein:

1. Descriptive literature and motor characteristics, including thermal limit curves

and speed vs. torque curves. Provide thermal limit curves for motors 100 Hp and
greater and all motor data for use in Section 16359 submittals of electrical system
studies.

2. A copy of this specification section with addenda and all referenced specification
sections with addenda, with each paragraph check-marked to indicate
specification compliance.

a. Failure to include a copy of the marked-up specification sections will

result in return of the entire submittal without further review and
consideration until the marked-up specification are re-submitted with the
entire package.

3. Submit motor data with the associated driven equipment submittals.

4. Shop drawings and descriptive data to include:

a. Complete list of all motors to be furnished.

b. Outlines, dimensions, weights, and wiring diagrams.

c. Location of main and accessories boxes with size of conduit entrance.

d. Efficiency and power factor at 1/2, 3/4 and full load.

e. Bearing life data and grease requirements.

f. Nameplate data.

g. Prototype test data.

h. Ground pad locations.

i. Statement certifying that motor insulation system is compatible with

output of VFD system provided under Section 16260.

j. Full load current

k. Locked rotor current

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 l. Full load torque.

m. Starting and breakdown torque in percent of full-load torque

n. Number and frequency of permissible starts under specified conditions

o. Horsepower versus current curves

p. Moment of inertia of rotor

q. The zero load, rated speed (with no load connected) kW and kvar input

r. The locked rotor KVA and power factor at rated voltage

s. Service factor

t. Descriptive bulletins or catalog cuts with full description of the insulation

system

u. Manufacturer, type, size and rating of bearings

v. Motor thermal limit or damage curves

5. Submit certified copies of all factory shop test results.

6. Submit list of recommended spare parts and maintenance tools for each type of
motor.

7. Provide manufacturer’s printed installation instructions including anchoring

details to meet earthquake requirements as specified and indicated.

8. Performance Test Reports: Upon completion of installed system, submit in

booklet form all field tests performed.

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

A. Provide in accordance with Section 01400 and as specified herein.

B. Motors shall comply with the latest reference standards specified.

C. Routine tests shall be performed on representative motors less than 100 Hp in size, and
shall include the information described on NEMA MG1-12.54 Report of Test Form for
Routine Tests on Induction Motors. Efficiency shall be determined in accordance with
IEEE Publication No. 112, Method B. Power factor shall be measured on representative
motors. For motors 100 Hp or larger, tests to be performed on the same motor provided.

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 ACCEPTABLE MOTOR MANUFACTURERS:

A. GE

B. Toshiba

C. U.S. Electric Motors

D. Or equal.

2.02 ELECTRIC MOTOR RATINGS:

A. Voltage Ratings:

1. Unless otherwise specified, motors with ratings of 1/2 to 500 Hp shall be rated
380-volt (nameplate rating), three-phase, 50-Hertz; motors of 1/3 Hp or less to be
rated 220-volt, single-phase, 50 Hertz.

B. The following specific motor requirements shall be identified in each equipment

specification:

1. RPM.

2. Motor enclosure type.

2.03 MOTOR REQUIREMENTS:

A. Every motor shall be of capacity to operate the driven equipment under all load and
operating conditions without exceeding its rated nameplate current or power or its
specified temperature limit at rated voltage. Each motor shall develop the necessary
torque for its required service throughout its acceleration range at a voltage 10 percent
below nameplate rating. When operated on a reduced voltage starter, the motor shall
develop the necessary torque under the conditions imposed by the reduced voltage
starting method.

B. The motor shall have capacity to operate the driven equipment as given in the equipment
detail specifications. The motor shall not be required to deliver more than its rated
nameplate horsepower, at unity (1.0) service factor, under any condition of mechanical or
hydraulic loading.

C. Type of Motors:

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 1. All motors shall be NEMA Design B (or equivalent BS standard) or of a type
having starting characteristics and ruggedness as may be necessary under the
actual conditions of operation and, unless otherwise specified, shall be for full-
voltage starting.

D. Insulation:

1. All motors shall have Class B (fractional horse power only) and Class F insulation
for all other size motors.

2. Insulation systems shall be manufacturer’s premium grade, resistant to attack by

moisture, acids, alkalies and mechanical or thermal shock for 380 Volt motors.
Provide a Class F insulation system for an ambient temperature motor operation
of 0 to 50 degrees C at no more than 3300 feet above sea level for inverter duty
motors. This temperature rise shall be met when motors are operated and
controlled with the VFD(s). The motor insulation system shall have full
capability to handle the common mode voltage conditions imposed by the VFD.

3. Motors shall have vacuum/pressure impregnated epoxy insulation for moisture

resistance.

4. Insulation for inverter duty motor windings shall meet or exceed the Pulse
Endurance Index for magnetic wire and shall not be injured when exposed to
repeated pulse type waveforms, repetitive high voltage transients, switching
frequency and rate of rise of the pulse. Class H insulation shall be used.

E. Enclosures:

1. Motors shall have a steel or cast iron frame and a cast iron or stamped steel
conduit box, as specified below. Conduit box shall be split from top to bottom
and shall be capable of being rotated to four positions. Synthetic rubber-like
gaskets shall be provided between the frame and the conduit box and between the
conduit box and its cover. Motor leads shall be sealed with a non-wicking, non-
hygroscopic insulating material. A frame mounted pad with drilled and tapped
hole, not less than 1/4-in. diameter, shall be provided inside the conduit box for
motor frame grounding.

a. Totally enclosed fan cooled: TEFC motors shall have a steel or cast iron
frame, cast iron end brackets, cast iron conduit box, 1.15 service factor at
50 degrees C, tapped drain holes (corrosion resistant plugs for frames
286T and smaller and automatic breather/drain devices for frames 324T
and larger) and upgraded insulation by additional dips and bakes to
increase moisture resistance.

b. Totally enclosed non-ventilated: TENV motors shall include the same

rating and accessories as specified for TEFC motors.

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 c. Explosion proof motors shall comply with all requirements of Class I,
Division I, Group D, hazardous locations as defined by the National
Electrical Code or the IEC zones equivalent rating with all other safety
codes pertaining thereto.

d. Motors in NEMA 4 (IP54), NEMA 4X (IP65) and classified areas shall be

provided with severe duty rating. Motors shall be of the corrosion
resistant type conforming to motors designated by the manufacturer as
“Corro-Duty”, “Mill and Chemical”, “Custom Severe Duty”, or similar
quality designation. Severe duty motors shall have a cast iron frame, cast
iron end brackets, cast iron conduit box and 1.15 service factor at 50
degrees C and tapped drain holes (corrosion resistant plug for frames 286T
and smaller and automatic breather/drain devices for frames 324T and
larger).

F. Special Purpose Motors:

1. Hermetically sealed air conditioning units, hoists, cranes and other devices
complying with special safety codes shall be furnished with motors, control
equipment, accessories and safety devices, in accordance with the manufacturer's
standards and to be rated for the duty cycle as specified for the driven equipment.
Service factor 1.15 above 3 hp.

2. Submersible motors shall be equipped with three thermal switches (one in each
phase winding) connected to stop motor operation if the temperature exceeds 125
deg. C (255 deg. F). Also a leakage sensor for sensing water intrusion into the
stator housing shall be provided. In addition to the above and for submersible
motors larger than 60 HP, a platinum transducer mounted adjacent to the lower
bearing to monitor lower bearing temperature shall be provided.

3. Each submersible pump shall be provided with its own control panel to monitor
the pump leakage and temperature sensors. The control panel shall be provided
with terminals auxiliary contacts for leakage and winding temperature, alarms
indication and interlock with pump controllers.

4. Inverter duty rated: Motors for operation on variable frequency drives shall meet
current power quality levels published in NEMA MG1, Part 31. Enclosures shall
be equal to those furnished for severe duty or explosion proof motors. Motor
shaft and bearings shall be insulated. Internal service factor shall be 1.15 that of
the nameplate. Stator laminations shall be stagger-stacked and stamped from high
grade electrical steel to minimize eddy-current losses and heat build-up caused by
inverter induced harmonics. Rotors shall be configured to minimize skin-effect
heating.

G. Auxiliary Devices:

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 1. Single-phase motors requiring switching devices and auxiliary starting resistors,
capacitors, or reactors shall be furnished as combination units with such
auxiliaries either incorporated within the motor housings or housed in enclosures
mounted upon the motor frames. Each combination unit shall be mounted upon a
single base and to be provided with a single conduit box.

H. General Design of Motors:

1. Motors shall comply with the latest NEMA Standards Publication No. MG1 for
Motors and Generators, or equivalent IEC and BS Standards unless otherwise
specified.

2. All polyphase non-explosion proof motors shall be provided with energy efficient
operation and meet the requirements of MG1-12.53 a and b.

3. Motor windings shall be braced to withstand successfully the stresses resulting

from the method of starting. The windings shall be treated thoroughly with an
insulating compound that protects against moisture and slightly acid or alkaline
conditions.

4. Bearings shall be of the self-lubricating type, provided so that there is proper

alignment of rotor and shaft and to prevent leakage of lubricant.

a. Bearings for open motors shall be of the sleeve or ball type, as specified
under the respective items of mechanical equipment.

b. Bearings for totally enclosed and explosion proof motors shall be of the
ball type.

c. Bearing L-10 fatigue life in hours at 100 percent load shall be 50,000.

d. Bearing grease shall be of the 120 deg. C thermal capability type.

5. Vertical motors shall be provided with thrust bearings for all thrusts to which they
can be subjected in operation.

6. All three phase two speed motors shall be of the two-winding design.

7. All three phase motors shall be provided with a 1.15 service factor.

8. Three phase motors shall be of cast iron construction including frame and end
brackets.

9. Motor nameplates shall be Type 316 stainless steel.

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 10. Motor Terminal Boxes and Leads:

a. Motors shall be furnished with oversize conduit terminal boxes to provide

for making and housing the connections, and with flexible leads of
sufficient length to extend for a distance of not less than 4 in. beyond the
face of the box. Solderless lugs shall be furnished. Totally enclosed and
explosion proof motors to have cast-iron terminal boxes.

b. Leads for space heaters shall be brought out into an auxiliary, cast, conduit
box on the motor side opposite to the main terminal box. Auxiliary box to
have 1" threaded conduit openings and shall be so constructed that conduit
entrance may be placed at top, bottom, or either side.

c. A grounding terminal shall be provided in the main terminal box and a

bronze grounding bolt to be furnished at the conduit side of the motor
frame.

d. For inverter rated motors, provide oversized terminal boxes with oversize
conduit opening and oversized cable lugs for cables as indicated.

I. Motor Efficiencies:

1. Three phase motors rated 1 Hp and larger shall be of the premium efficiency,
“Design E”, type per Table 12.1 of NEMA MG1 Part 12. Efficiency values shall
be based on tests performed in accordance with IEEE Publication No. 112,
Method B. Motors with horsepower or rpms not listed shall conform to
comparable standards of construction and materials as those for listed motors.

J. Special requirements for Motors 100 Hp and greater.

1. Motors under any specified condition of driven equipment and motor operation up
to their maximum service factor rating, shall be designed and guaranteed to
withstand a supply voltage drop of 20% below nameplate rating and a coincident
5% drop in power system frequency below nameplate rating for a period up to 10
seconds without stalling or causing damage to the motor.

2. Motors shall be capable of continuously developing full-rated horsepower with a

temperature rise above ambient not exceeding the values listed in NEMA MG 1-
21.40.

3. The horsepower rating shall be adequate to operate the driven equipment under
normally expected operating conditions without utilizing the 1.15 motor service
factor. Minimum full load efficiency shall be 95.8 percent and minimum full load
power factor shall be 87 percent without using power factor correction capacitors
and without the VFD.

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 4. Separate junction boxes for power and auxiliary field wiring shall be furnished.
Leads of accessories (such as heaters, winding temperature detectors, etc., as
specified) shall be brought to a separate terminal box for each class of accessory.
Submit location and internal details for approval.

5. Motors shall have terminal boxes for the power wiring adequately sized to
permanently train and terminate the incoming cable and shall include station class
surge arrestors. Furnish insulators, bus details, and internal wiring of main
terminal box. The motor main termination box shall also include a tinned ground
bus.

6. Motor leads shall be marked T1, T2, T3, etc. and wired to produce a direction of
rotation suitable to driven equipment. Motor leads to be terminated in a flat tank
with NEMA two-(2) bolt drilling Burndy HYLUG YA-2N or equal for
attachment of cables entering from below.

7. The rotor shall be dynamically balanced with maximum displacement of .002 mils
when operating at any speed when mounted on rubber pads.

8. Windings shall be copper, three-phase, single voltage, wire-connected with all six
leads brought out.

9. The stator winding insulation shall consist of vacuum pressure impregnated

inorganic material, which shall conform with Class “F: insulation as defined in
the latest NEMA Standards MG1-20.40. The motor temperature rise shall not
exceed 80 degrees C at rated horsepower as measured by imbedded (100 Ohm
platinum RTDs) detectors operating at any speed with the VFD control system.
Design temperature rise shall take into account harmonic heating when operating
on the VFD or reduced voltage control.

10. The motor insulation system shall have full capability to handle the common
mode voltage conditions imposed by the VFD. Insulation winding system shall
meet or exceed the Pulse Endurance Index for magnetic wire and shall not be
injured when exposed to repeated pulse type waveforms, repetitive high voltage
transients, switching frequency and rate of rise of the pulse. Class H varnish shall
be used.

11. The squirrel cage rotor shall consist of the same lamination material used for the
stator. The laminations shall be stacked to allow for proper rotor skew. Vent
spaces shall be varied to assure uniform cooling and to reduce noise levels. Rotor
bars shall be copper installed in semi-closed slots and with end connections
brazed to a forged copper end ring.

12. The stator coils shall be installed and insulated utilizing the steps of the Vacuum
Pressure Impregnation (VPI) process.

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 13. Insulation system shall include, non-magnetic coil supports, slot liners, coils, and
interconnections. Motors without slot liners shall not be accepted. Coils shall be
random wound, vacuum pressure impregnated with a minimum of two dips of
insulating silicone, polyester or epoxy sealant, baked and compactly shaped to fill
the slots. Phase to phase insulation shall also be provided for motors. Vacuum
pressure impregnation shall be done by treating the entire stator with a minimum
of two impregnations after the coils are placed in the slots. Winding and end
connections shall be fully sealed against contaminants. The stator complete with
winding shall be given additional dips and bakes. Motor end turns shall be
adequately braced with heat shrinking insulating material and shall withstand the
stress cause by starting. Grouping and connection of the coils shall be such that
the maximum voltage between any two coils in the same slot shall be as low as
possible. Stator winding end turns to be secured to support rings to prevent
movement during starting and short circuit that might cause abrasion and failure
of the insulation in the end turn and at the exit from the core slot.

14. Bearings shall be ball bearings with an L-10 life rated at 100,000 hours. Both
bearings shall be bronze with liner, split step, arranged for inspection or removal
without removing brackets or drive coupling. Install bearing temperature sensors
with the tip sensitive bulb located within 0.125” from the liner. Install isolators
on all motors bearings.

15. Winding Temperature Detectors:

a. Motors shall be furnished with six temperature detectors in the stator

winding slots. The location and length of detectors to conform to MG1-
20.63. The detectors to be 3-wire, RTD type, with a resistance of 100
ohms at 25ºC and equipped with leads. All detectors to be wired to a
terminal strip in the auxiliary terminal box.

16. Bearing Temperature Detector:

a. Motors bearings shall be provided with a RTD similar to that specified for
winding temperature detectors and wired to a terminal box. RTD to be
insulated from the motor frame.

K. Shop Painting:

1. Unless otherwise specified, motors shall be given a shop application of paint filler
or enamel sealer, a flat coat of undercoater for enamel, and two coats of enamel
or, in lieu of this treatment, other corrosion-resistant treatment customary with the
manufacturer.

L. Motor Data:

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 1. Furnish five certified copies of characteristic curves of each motor furnished,
except 220-volt motors. Curves shall be supplied as a part of the driven
equipment submittal.

M. Motor Shop Tests:

1. Motor shop tests shall be made in accordance with the IEEE Test Codes as
specified in the NEMA MG1 Standards for Motors and Generators. NEMA
report-of-test forms to be used in submitting test data.

2. Motor efficiency shall be determined by use of IEEE Standard 112 Test Method
B, and by use of MGI-12.53 a and b.

3. For motors rated 100 hp and larger, complete tests of each motor furnished to be
made and certified test data sheets to be submitted. Each motor shall be tested at
rated voltage for: efficiency and power factor at 25, 50, 75, and 100 percent of it
rated horsepower; for temperature rise, torque, no-load current, starting current,
full load current, and dielectric strength; and for compliance with all specified
performance requirements.

4. For induction motors 5 hp, up to 100 hp, copies of routine test reports of
electrically duplicate motors shall be furnished.

5. For motors 3 hp or less, no test data need be furnished.

6. Where required by the load equipment specifications, provide testing support for
shop testing at the equipment manufacturer’s facility.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 INSTALLATION:

A. After motor installation but before connection to power wiring, test motor winding
insulation.

B. After connection to power wiring, check for operating temperature, correct rotation,
vibration, alignment and operating current drawn under load.

C. Submit all motor test results for review and record.

3.02 TESTING:

A. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

B. Inspect for correct anchorage, mounting, grounding, connection, and lubrication.

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 C. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench
method in accordance with manufacturers published data.

D. Verify the absence of unusual mechanical or electrical noise or signs of overheating

during initial test run.

E. Megger test motor winding insulation.

END OF SECTION

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