CHAPTER 1

Websites: Quick Reference

1.1 Organizations and associations

Organization URL
AEA Technology plc www.aeat.co.uk
American Bureau of Shipping www.eagle.org
American Consulting Engineers Council www.acec.org
American Institute of Engineers www.members-aie.org
American Institute of Steel www.aisc.org
Construction Inc.
American Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org
American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org
American Nuclear Society www.ans.org
American Petroleum Institute www.api.org
American Society for Non-Destructive www.asnt.org
Testing
American Society for Testing of Materials www.ansi.org
American Society of Heating, www.ashrae.org
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Engineers
American Society of Mechanical www.asme.org
Engineers
American Water Works Association Inc. www.awwa.org
American Welding Society www.awweld.org
APAVE Limited www.apave-uk.com
Association of Iron and Steel www.aise.org
Engineers (USA)
2 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment

British Inspecting Engineers www.bie-international.com

British Institute of Non-Destructive www.bindt.org
Testing
British Standards Institution www.bsi.org.uk
British Valve and Actuator www.bvama.org.uk
Manufacturers Association

Det Norske Veritas www.dnv.com

DTI STRD 5: www.dti.gov.uk/strd

Engineering Integrity Society www.demon.co.uk/e-i-s

European Committee for Standardisation www.cenorm.be
www. newapproach.org

Factory Mutual Global (USA) www.fmglobal.com

Fluid Controls Institute Inc. (USA) www.fluidcontrolsinstitute.org

Hartford Steam Boiler (USA) www.hsb.com

Heat Transfer Research Inc. (USA) www.htrinet.com
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office www.hmso.gov.uk/legis.htm
www.hmso.gov.uk/si
www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk
HSB Inspection Quality Limited www.hsbiql.co.uk
HSE (Home page) www.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htm

International Standards Organization www.iso.ch

Lloyd’s Register www.lrqa.com

Manufacturers Standardization Society www.mss-hq.com

of the Valve and Fittings Industry (USA)

National Association of Corrosion www.nace.org

Engineers (USA)
National Board of Boiler and Pressure www.nationalboard.org
Vessel Inspectors (USA)
National Fire Protection Association www.nfpa.org
(USA)
National Fluid Power Association (USA) www.nfpa.com
National Institute of Standards and www.nist.gov
Technology (USA)
 Websites: Quick Reference 3

Pipe Fabrication Institute (USA) www.pfi-institute.org

Plant Safety Limited www.plantsafety.co.uk

Registrar Accreditation Board (USA) www.rabnet.com

Royal Sun Alliance Certification www.royal-and-sunalliance.com/
Services Limited

Safety Assessment Federation www.safed.co.uk

SGS (UK) Limited www.sgs.com

The Aluminum Association Inc. (USA) www.aluminum.org

The Engineering Council www.engc.org.uk
The Institute of Corrosion www.icorr.demon.co.uk
The Institute of Energy www.instenergy.org.uk
The Institute of Materials www.instmat.co.uk
The Institute of Quality Assurance www.iqa.org
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers www.imeche.org.uk
(IMechE) Pressure Systems Group www.imeche.org.uk/
pressure/index.htm
The Institution of Plant Engineers www.iplante.org.uk
The United Kingdom Accreditation www.ukas.com
Service
The Welding and Joining Society www.twi.co.uk/members.
wjsinfo.html
Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers www.tema.org
Association Inc. (USA)
TUV(UK) Limited www.tuv-uk.com
TWI Certification Limited www.twi.co.uk

Zurich Engineering Limited www.zuricheng.co.uk

4 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment

1.2 General technical information

Technical standards www.icrank.com/Specsearch.htm
www.nssn.org
Pressure vessel design www.birdsoft.demon.co.uk/englib/pvessel
www.normas.com/ASME/BPVC/guide.html
www.pretex.com/Glossary.html
www.nationalboard.org/Codes/asme-x.html
Boilers-fire tube www.kewaneeintl.com/scotch/scotivOb.ht
www.hotbot.com/books/vganapathy/firewat.html
Pressure vessel software www.chempute.com/pressure_vessel.htm
www.eperc.jrc.nl
www.mecheng.asme.org/
www.coade.com/pcodec/c.htm
www.codeware.com/
www.ohmtech.no/
Transportable pressure www.hse.gov.uk/spd/spdtpr.htm
receptacles (gas cylinders) www.iso.ch/cate/2302030.html
www.hmso.gov.uk/sr/sr1998/19980438.htm
www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/links/gas.htm
www.healthandsafety.co.uk/E00800.html
www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1998/19982885.htm

Valves www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/
Companies/Industrial/Valves_and_Control
www.highpressure.com
www.flowbiz.com/valve_manual.htm
www.valvesinternational.co.za/further.htm
Heat exchangers www.britannica.com/seo/h/heat-exchanger/
www.geapcs.com
www.chem.eng.usyd.edu.au/pgrad/bruce/h
www.firstworldwide.com/heatex.htm
www.heat-exchangers.com/heat-exchanger
Simple pressure vessels www.egadvies.nl/ce/scope/DrukvateEN.html
www.dti.gov.uk/strd
Boilers and HRSGs www.normas.com/ASME/BPVC/qx0010.html
www.boiler-s.com/boiler-spages.hotbot.com/
books/vganapathy/boilers.html
www.abb.com/americas/usa/hrsg.htm
www.hrsg.com/gatorpwr.che.ufl.edu/cogen/
equipment/codes/PTC4.4/Default.asp.
 Websites: Quick Reference 5

Welding www.welding.com/
www.cybcon.com/Nthelen/1weld.html
www.amweld.org/
www.mech.uwa.edu.au/DANotes/
welds/home.html
Non-destructive testing www.ndt.net/
www.dynatup.com/apps/glossary/C.htm
Failure www.sandia.gov/eqrc/e7rinfo.html
www.netaccess.on.ca/~dbc/cic_hamilton/
krissol.kriss.re.kr/failure/STRUC/MATE
www.clihouston.com/asmfailureanalysis.htm
Corrosion www.cp.umist.ac.uk/
www.icorr.demon.co.uk/about.html
www.cranfield.ac.uk/cils/library/subje
Technical reference books www.icrank.com/books.htm
www.powells.com/psection/MechanicalEng
www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/discipline/mechen
www.engineering-software.com/
www.fullnet.net/dbgnum/pressure.htm
www.engineers4engineers.co.uk/0938-but
ISO 9000 www.isoeasy.org/
www.startfm3.html
Forged flanges www.kotis.net/~porls2/ForgedFL.htm
www.englink.co.za/htmlfiles/nclro2/BS3.1.htm
www.maintenanceresources.com/Bookstore
polyhydron.com/hhpl/SAI.htm
Creep www.men.bris.ac.uk/research/material/
projects/fad.htm/
Air receivers www.manchestertank.com/hor400.htm
Materials www.Matweb.com
www.pump.net/otherdata/pdcarbonalloysteel.htm
General on-line reference www.efunda.com/home.cfm
websites www.flinthills.com/~ramsdale/EngZone/d
www.eevl.ac.uk
Safety valves www.taylorvalve.com/safetyreliefvalves.htm
Control valves www.halliburton.com/deg/dvd/masoneilan/
80000_prod.asp?print=yes
6 Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment

1.3 Directives and legislation

For a list of new EC directives and standards on pressure equipment, go to
www.nssn.org and search using keywords ‘pressure vessel standards’ and
‘EC’.
• The entry website for the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is:
www.hse.gov.uk/hsehome.htm
• Statutory Instrument (SI) documents are available from Her Majesty’s
Stationery Office (HMSO) at:
www.hmso.gov.uk/legis.htm
www.hmso.gov.uk/si
www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk
• The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) entry web site is:
www.dti.gov.uk/strd
• Background information on mutual recognition agreements relating to
European directives in general is available on:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/international/indexb1/htm
• Reference to most pressure equipment-related directives (and their
interpretation guidelines) is available on:
www.tukes.fi/english/pressure/directives_and_guidelines/index.htm
• A good general introduction to the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)
is available on:
www.ped.eurodyne.com/directive/directive.html
www.dti.gov.uk/strd/pressure.htm
• Guides on the PED from the UK DTI are available for download on:
www.dti.gov.uk/strd/strdpubs.htm
• The European Commission Pressure Equipment Directive website has
more detailed information on:
europa.eu.int/comm/dg03/directs/dg3d/d2/presves/preseq.htm
or
europa.eu.int/comm/dg03/directs/dg3d/d2/presves/preseq1.htm
• The CEN website provides details of all harmonized standards:
www.newapproach.org/directivelist.asp
• For details of harmonized standards published in the EU official
journal, go to:
www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/
harmstds/reflist.html
 Websites: Quick Reference 7

• A listing of European Notified Bodies for the PED is available from:

www.conformance.co.uk/CE_MARKING/ce_notified.html
• All the sections of the text of the UK Pressure Equipment Regulations
are available on:
http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1999/19992001.htm
• The UK Pressure Systems Safety Regulation (PSSRs) are available
from:
www.hmso.gov.uksi/si2000/20000128.htm

1.4 The KKS power plant classification

system
The KKS (Kraftwerk Kennzeichensystem) is a completely generic designation
system that identifies every system, component, and location within a plant,
using a string of letters and numbers. It is used for power and process plant
across many industry sectors. The KKS designations are commonly used on
equipment/spares inventories, Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (PIDs),
and plant labelling. From the pressure equipment viewpoint, the most
important function is that related to process designation.
The KKS process classification consists of a maximum of four levels: 0,
1, 2, and 3 (see Fig. 1.1). Level 0 identifies the overall plant and
differentiates between units or blocks. Level 1 identifies the plant system,
classifying each area with a three-letter code – the first letter specifying the
function group, and two further letters. Level 2 identifies individual systems
and equipment items within the function groups, with level 3 available for
further sub-designation. Table 1.1 shows a small sample of the thousands of
codes available.
 8
Plant 'blocks' Block A Block B
B-Block B
Level 0
Units Unit1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4
3-Unit 3

M -Main machine

Engineers’ Guide to Pressure Equipment

Steam
Plant systems Vacuum Drains
Gland
steam
Deaerator
piping A-Steam turbine Level 1
W-Sealing system

System parts Piping

Desuper-
Drains 15 -Location within
heater the plant area

A-Mechanical
Electrical Exchangers Instruments equipment
Equipment items
H-Heating /cooling Level 2
units

Sequence number
002 001 001 -number code

K-Mechanical items
Level 3
Component Other Vessels Other
D-Vessels
01-number code

Gland Steam Desuperheater

B3MAW15AH001KD 01
Fig. 1.1 Structure of the KKS plant classification system
 Websites: Quick Reference 9

Table 1.1 Typical KKS codes

Level 1
First Identifies Second Identifies Third Identifies
letter letter letter
C Control equipment MA Steam turbine MAA HP turbine
G Water system MB Gas turbine MAB IP turbine
H Heat generation ME Water turbine MAC LP turbine
L Steam and gas cycles MM Compressor MAG Condenser
M Main machines MV Oil system MAJ Air system
P Cooling water MAL Drains
R Gas generation MAM Leak-off system
MAQ Vents

Level 2
First letter Identifies Second letter Identifies
A Mechanical equipment AA Valves
B Auxiliary equipment AB Isolating elements
C Measuring circuits AC Heat exchangers
D Control circuits AH Heating units
G Electrical equipment AN Compressors
H Machinery sub-assembly AP Pumps
AV Combustion units
BB Tanks
BN Ejectors
BR Piping

Level 3
First letter Identifies Second letter Identifies
K Mechanical items KA Valves
M Mechanical items KC Heat exchangers
KD Vessels/tanks
KN Compressors
KP Pumps
MR Piping
MT Turbines