88
tie to an 8-in . (203-mm) vertical leader, even if
Table 4-2 requ ires a smaller size. Vertical lead-
ers shou ld be tied to the horizontal main with
single-wye fittings; dou ble-wye fittings shou ld be
avoided.
Horizontal pipe sizing Th e horizontal pipin g
shou ld be sized to flow fu ll u n der u niform flow
conditions at the peak flow rate, as opposed to
san itary sewers, which are designed to flow ½ to
Q full. A minimum velocity of 2 ft/ s (fps) (0.61
m/ s) should be maintained to properly scour the
pipe of grit, sand, and debris. (Some authorities
recommend a minimum velocity of 3 fps [0.91
m/ s] to keep the sediment in suspension.)
The horizontal piping must be properly sup-
ported, with bell holes provided for underground
bell-and-spigot piping. Use Form 4-2, in the Ap-
pendix at the end of this chapter, to calculate
the storm-drain horizontal main size. Cleanouts
should be provided at any change in direction
exceeding 45° and at any chan ge in pipe size,
and to meet any applicable local code requ ire-
men ts for dis ta n ces between clean ou ts . Th e
cleanou ts sh ou ld be extended u p to grade or the
floor above, or ou t to the wall face with a wall
plate. The location of clean ou t plu gs above ceil-
ings may cau se damage to the ceiling when the
pipe mu st be cleaned.
Avoid ru nning horizontal piping above the
ceilings of compu ter rooms, kitchens, and food-
preparation areas. A pipe ru ptu re above one of
th ese areas cou ld cau se major damage and con-
tamination. Piping u nder bu ilding slabs sh ou ld
be avoided if feasible; as pipe leaks cou ld erode
th e fill below slabs and cau se th e slab to crack.
Once the peak flow has been determined, the
Manning Formu la (Equ ation 4-3) shou ld be u sed
for sizing; refer to Table 4-4.
Equa t ion 4 -3
1.486 .67 .5
Q = ˜ A ˜ R ˜ S
n of the actu al maximu m projected roof areas, the
where
Q = Flow rate, ft 3 / s (m 3 / s)
A = Area, ft 2 (m 2 )
R = Hydrau lic radiu s of pipe = D/ 4, ft
(m)
[D = Diameter of pipe, ft (m)]
S = Hydrau lic slope, ft/ ft (m/ m)
ASPE Data Book — Volume 2
n = Coefficient of rou ghness, constan t
The rou ghness coefficient of th e pipe can be
affected by age, corrosion, misalign ment of the
pipe, solid deposits in the pipe, and tree roots or
other obstru ctions. Table 4-4 sh ows the types of
pipe material that are available for each of the
listed sizes. It also shows the variou s capacities
of the piping at different slopes. Th e greater the
slope is, th e high er th e capacity, bu t th e greater
the slope, the deeper the line and the more exca-
vation requ ired. This may cau se significant prob-
lems when the engineer is trying to tie in to an
existing storm sewer or “daylight” (i.e., discharge
to the open atmosph ere as opposed to in to an
u ndergrou nd pipe) to a ditch or canal.
Secondary drainage systems may be either
scu ppers, wh ich allow the entrapped rain water
to overflow the roof, or a separately piped drain-
age system to a separate point of discharge. Scu p-
pers shall be sized in accordan ce with Table 4-5.
The secon dary piping system shall be designed
similarly to th e way the primary drain age sys-
tem was designed. Some codes and designers
prefer that the discharge from secondary drain-
age systems be readily noticeable, to ensu re the
prompt repair of the primary drainage systems.
If the storm-drainage system receives con-
tinu ou s or in termittent flow from su mp pu mps,
air-conditioning units, or similar devices, the flow
shou ld be added to the drainage system, either
on the roof if the disch arge is onto the roof, or in
th e pipin g if the discharge ties directly to the
drainage system.
After the system has been laid ou t and sized,
th e designer shou ld review th e proposed system
to determine if revisions to th e layou t wou ld im-
prove the system from the standpoint of ease of
in stallation, cost of materials and/ or coordina-
tion with oth er trades.
Controlled-flow storm-drainage system In lieu
of sizin g the storm-drainage system on the basis
roof drainage system (or a part of it) may be sized
on the equ ivalen t or adju sted projected roof ar-
eas th at resu lt from th e con trolled flow and the
storage of storm water on the roof.
Controlled-flow systems collect the rainwa-
ter on th e roof and release th e flow slowly to the
drainage system. These systems can provide sig-
nificant installation savings by requ iring smaller
roof drains, smaller diameter piping and smaller
Chapter 4 — Storm-Drainage Systems 89

Table 4-4 Pipe Sizing Chart

Slope Discharge Capacity Velocity

Pipe Pipe Size, in./ft % gpm cfs fps

Material in. (mm) (cm/m) (L/s) (L/s) (m/s)

Cast iron 2 (50) ¼ (25) 2.1 19 (1.199) 0.043 (1.217) 1.97 (0.591)
PVC-DWV 2 (50) ½ (50) 4.2 27 (1.703) 0.061 (1.726) 2.80 (0.840)
Steel 2 (50) 1 (100) 8.3 39 (2.460) 0.086 (2.434) 3.94 (1.182)
Cast iron 3 (80) 8 (12.5) 1.0 40 (2.523) 0.090 (2.547) 1.83 (0.549)
Ductile iron 3 (80) ¼ (25) 2.1 57 (3.596) 0.127 (3.594) 2.59 (0.867)
PVC-DWV 3 (80) ½ (50) 4.2 81 (5.109) 0.180 (5.094) 3.67 (1.101)
Steel 3 (80) 1 (100) 8.3 114 (7.191) 0.254 (7.188) 5.17 (1.551)
Cast iron 4 (100) 8 (12.5) 1.0 87 (5.488) 0.194 (5.490) 2.22 (0.666)
Ductile iron 4 (100) ¼ (25) 2.1 123 (7.759) 0.274 (7.754) 3.14 (0.942)
PVC-DWV 4 (100) ½ (50) 4.2 174 (10.976) 0.390 (11.037) 4.47 (1.341)
Steel 4 (100) 1 (100) 8.3 247 (15.581) 0.550 (15.565) 6.30 (1.890)
Concrete
Vitrified clay
Cast iron 6 (150) z (6.3) 0.5 178 (11.228) 0.397 (10.726) 2.02 (0.606)
Ductile iron 6 (150) 8 (12.5) 1.0 257 (16.212) 0.572 (16.188) 2.91 (0.873)
PVC-DWV 6 (150) x (18.8) 1.5 309 (19.492) 0.687 (19.442) 3.50 (1.050)
Steel 6 (150) ¼ (25) 2.1 363 (22.898) 0.808 (22.866) 4.11 (1.233)
Concrete 6 (150) c (31.3) 2.5 398 (25.106) 0.887 (25.102) 4.52 (1.356)
Vitrified clay 6 (150) a (37.5) 3.0 436 (27.503) 0.972 (27.508) 4.95 (1.485)
6 (150) v (43.8) 3.5 471 (29.711) 1.050 (29.715) 5.35 (1.605)
6 (150) ½ (50) 4.2 514 (32.423) 1.145 (32.404) 5.83 (1.749)
6 (150) s (62.5) 5.0 563 (35.514) 1.255 (35.517) 6.39 (1.917)
6 (150) ¾ (75) 6.0 617 (38.920) 1.375 (38.913) 7.00 (2.100)
6 (150) d (87.5) 7.0 666 (42.011) 1.485 (42.026) 7.56 (2.268)
Cast iron 8 (200) 0.2 243 (15.328) 0.541 (15.291) 1.55 (0.465)
Ductile iron 8 (200) 0.4 343 (21.636) 0.765 (21.650) 2.19 (0.657)
PVC-DWV 8 (200) z (6.3) 0.5 420 (26.494) 0.937 (26.517) 2.68 (0.804)
Steel 8 (200) 0.8 485 (30.594) 1.082 (30.621) 3.10 (0.930)
Concrete 8 (200) 8 (12.5) 1.0 554 (34.946) 1.234 (34.922) 3.53 (1.059)
Vitrified clay 8 (200) x (18.8) 1.5 665 (41.948) 1.481 (41.912) 4.24 (1.272)
8 (200) ¼ (25) 2.1 782 (49.329) 1.742 (49.299) 4.99 (1.497)
8 (200) c (31.3) 2.5 858 (54.123) 1.912 (54.110) 5.48 (1.644)
8 (200) a (37.5) 3.0 940 (59.295) 2.095 (59.289) 6.00 (1.800)
8 (200) v (43.8) 3.5 1,015 (64.026) 2.263 (64.043) 6.48 (1.944)
8 (200) ½ (50) 4.2 1,107 (69.830) 2.467 (69.816) 7.06 (2.118)
8 (200) b (56.3) 4.5 1,152 (72.668) 2.566 (72.618) 7.35 (2.205)
Cast iron 10 (250) 0.2 439 (27.692) 0.980 (27.751) 1.80 (0.540)
Ductile iron 10 (250) 0.4 621 (39.173) 1.380 (39.054) 2.53 (0.759)
PVC-DWV 10 (250) z (6.3) 0.5 761 (48.004) 1.700 (48.110) 3.12 (0.936)
Steel 10 (250) 0.8 879 (55.447) 1.960 (55.468) 3.59 (1.077)
Concrete 10 (250) 8 (12.5) 1.0 1,002 (63.206) 2.230 (63.109) 4.09 (1.227)
Vitrified clay 10 (250) x (18.8) 1.5 1,203 (75.885) 2.680 (75.844) 4.91 (1.473)
10 (250) ¼ (25) 2.1 1,414 (89.195) 3.150 (89.145) 5.78 (1.734)
10 (250) c (31.3) 2.5 1,553 (97.963) 3.460 (97.918) 6.34 (1.902)
10 (250) a (37.5) 3.0 1,701 (107.299) 3.790 (107.257) 6.95 (2.085)
10 (250) v (43.8) 3.5 1,837 (115.878) 4.090 (115.747) 7.50 (2.250)
Cast iron 12 (300) 0.2 715 (45.102) 1.590 (44.997) 2.02 (0.606)
Ductile iron 12 (300) 0.4 1,012 (63.837) 2.250 (63.675) 2.86 (0.600)

(Continued)
90 ASPE Data Book — Volume 2

(Table 4-4 continued) Slope Discharge Capacity Velocity

Pipe Pipe Size, in./ft % gpm cfs fps

Material in. (mm) (cm/m) (L/s) (L/s) (m/s)

PVC-DWV 12 (300) z (6.3) 0.6 1,239 (78.156) 2.760 (78.108) 3.51 (1.053)
Steel 12 (300) 0.8 1,431 (90.267) 3.190 (90.277) 4.06 (1.218)
Concrete 12 (300) 8 (12.5) 1.0 1,632 (102.947) 3.640 (103.012) 4.63 (1.389)
Vitrified clay 12 (300) 1.2 1,752 (110.516) 3.900 (110.370) 4.97 (1.491)
12 (300) 1.4 1,893 (119.410) 4.220 (119.426) 5.37 (1.611)
12 (300) 1.6 2,024 (127.674) 4.510 (127.633) 5.74 (1.722)
12 (300) 1.8 2,146 (135.370) 4.780 (135.274) 6.09 (1.827)
12 (300) ¼ (25) 2.1 2,304 (145.336) 5.130 (145.179) 6.53 (1.959)
12 (300) 2.2 2,373 (149.689) 5.290 (149.707) 6.74 (2.022)
12 (300) 2.4 2,478 (156.312) 5.520 (156.216) 7.03 (2.109)
Ductile iron 14 (350) 0.1 760 (47.941) 1.690 (47.827) 1.58 (0.474)
PVC-DWV 14 (350) 0.2 1,074 (67.748) 2.390 (67.637) 2.24 (0.672)
Steel 14 (350) 0.3 1,316 (83.013) 2.930 (82.919) 2.74 (0.822)
14 (350) 0.4 1,519 (95.819) 3.380 (95.654) 3.16 (0.948)
14 (350) z (6.3) 0.5 1,699 (107.173) 3.780 (106.974) 3.54 (1.062)
14 (350) 0.6 1,861 (117.392) 4.150 (117.445) 3.88 (1.164)
14 (350) 0.7 2,010 (126.791) 4.480 (126.784) 4.19 (1.257)
14 (350) 0.8 2,149 (135.559) 4.790 (135.557) 4.48 (1.344)
14 (350) 0.9 2,279 (143.759) 5.080 (143.764) 4.75 (1.425)
14 (350) 8 (12.5) 1.0 2,450 (154.546) 5.460 (154.518) 5.11 (1.533)
14 (350) 1.1 2,519 (158.899) 5.610 (158.763) 5.25 (1.575)
14 (350) 1.2 2,631 (165.963) 5.860 (165.838) 5.48 (1.644)
14 (350) 1.3 2,739 (172.776) 6.100 (172.630) 5.71 (1.713)
14 (350) 1.4 2,842 (179.273) 6.330 (179.139) 5.92 (1.776)
14 (350) x (18.8) 1.5 2,942 (185.581) 6.560 (185.648) 6.14 (1.842)
14 (350) 1.6 3,039 (191.700) 6.770 (191.591) 6.33 (1.899)
14 (350) 1.7 3,132 (197.567) 6.980 (197.534) 6.53 (1.959)
Cast iron 15 (375) 0.1 918 (57.907) 2.040 (57.766) 1.66 (0.498)
Ductile iron 15 (375) 0.2 1,298 (81.878) 2.890 (81.787) 2.36 (0.708)
Concrete 15 (375) 0.3 1,590 (100.297) 3.540 (100.182) 2.89 (0.867)
Vitrified clay 15 (375) 0.4 1,835 (115.752) 4.090 (115.747) 3.33 (0.999)
15 (375) z (6.3) 0.5 2,052 (129.440) 4.570 (129.331) 3.72 (1.116)
15 (375) 0.6 2,248 (141.804) 5.010 (141.783) 4.08 (1.224)
15 (375) 0.7 2,428 (153.158) 5.410 (153.103) 4.41 (1.323)
15 (375) 0.8 2,596 (163.756) 5.780 (163.574) 4.71 (1.413)
15 (375) 0.9 2,753 (173.659) 6.130 (173.479) 5.00 (1.500)
15 (375) 8 (12.5) 1.0 2,960 (186.717) 6.600 (186.780) 5.38 (1.614)
15 (375) 1.1 3,044 (192.016) 6.780 (191.874) 5.53 (1.659)
15 (375) 1.2 3,179 (200.531) 7.080 (200.364) 5.77 (1.731)
15 (375) 1.3 3,309 (208.732) 7.370 (208.571) 6.01 (1.803)
15 (375) 1.4 3,434 (216.617) 7.650 (216.495) 6.23 (1.869)
15 (375) x (18.8) 1.5 3,554 (224.186) 7.920 (224.136) 6.45 (1.935)
15 (375) 1.6 3,671 (231.567) 8.180 (213.494) 6.67 (2.001)
15 (375) 1.7 3,784 (238.695) 8.430 (238.569) 6.87 (2.061)
Ductile iron 16 (400) 0.1 1,049 (66.171) 2.340 (66.222) 1.66 (0.498)
PVC-DWV 16 (400) 0.2 1,484 (93.611) 3.310 (93.673) 2.35 (0.705)
Steel 16 (400) 0.3 1,817 (114.616) 4.050 (114.615) 2.87 (0.861)
16 (400) 0.4 2,099 (132.405) 4.680 (132.444) 3.32 (0.996)
16 (400) z (6.3) 0.5 2,346 (147.986) 5.230 (148.009) 3.71 (1.113)

(Continued)
Chapter 4 — Storm-Drainage Systems 91

(Table 4-4 continued) Slope Discharge Capacity Velocity

Pipe Pipe Size, in./ft % gpm cfs fps

Material in. (mm) (cm/m) (L/s) (L/s) (m/s)

16 (400) 0.6 2,570 (162.116) 5.730 (162.159) 4.06 (1.218)

16 (400) 0.7 2,776 (175.110) 6.190 (175.177) 4.39 (1.317)
16 (400) 0.8 2,968 (187.221) 6.610 (187.063) 4.69 (1.407)
16 (400) 0.9 3,148 (198.576) 7.010 (198.383) 4.97 (1.491)
16 (400) 8 (12.5) 1.0 3,385 (213.526) 7.540 (213.382) 5.35 (1.605)
16 (400) 1.1 3,480 (219.518) 7.750 (219.325) 5.50 (1.650)
16 (400) 1.2 3,635 (229.296) 8.100 (229.230) 5.74 (1.722)
16 (400) 1.3 3,783 (238.632) 8.430 (238.569) 5.98 (1.794)
16 (400) 1.4 3,926 (247.652) 8.750 (247.625) 6.21 (1.863)
16 (400) x (18.8) 1.5 4,064 (256.357) 9.050 (256.115) 6.42 (1.957)
Ductile iron 18 (450) 0.1 1,486 (93.737) 3.310 (93.673) 1.87 (0.561)
Steel 18 (450) 0.2 2,101 (132.531) 4.680 (132.444) 2.65 (0.795)
Concrete 18 (450) 0.3 2,574 (162.368) 5.730 (162.159) 3.24 (0.972)
Vitrified clay 18 (450) 0.4 2,972 (187.474) 6.620 (187.346) 3.75 (1.125)
18 (450) z (6.3) 0.5 3,322 (209.552) 7.400 (209.420) 4.19 (1.257)
18 (450) 0.6 3,640 (229.611) 8.110 (229.513) 4.59 (1.377)
18 (450) 0.7 3,931 (247.967) 8.760 (247.908) 4.96 (1.488)
18 (450) 0.8 4,203 (265.125) 9.360 (264.888) 5.30 (1.590)
18 (450) 0.9 4,458 (281.211) 9.930 (281.019) 5.62 (1.686)
18 (450) 8 (12.5) 1.0 4,793 (302.342) 10.680 (302.244) 6.04 (1.812)
18 (450) 1.1 4,928 (310.858) 10.980 (310.734) 6.21 (1.863)
18 (450) 1.2 5,147 (324.673) 11.470 (324.601) 6.49 (1.947)
18 (450) 1.3 5,357 (337.920) 11.940 (337.902) 6.76 (2.028)
18 (450) 1.4 5,560 (350.725) 12.390 (350.637) 7.01 (2.103)
Ductile iron 20 (500) 0.1 1,971 (124.331) 4.390 (124.237) 2.01 (0.603)
Steel 20 (500) 0.2 2,787 (175.804) 6.210 (175.743) 2.85 (0.855)
20 (500) 0.3 3,414 (215.355) 7.610 (215.363) 3.49 (1.064)
20 (500) 0.4 3,942 (248.661) 8.780 (248.474) 4.03 (1.209)
20 (500) z (6.3) 0.5 4,407 (277.994) 9.820 (277.906) 4.50 (1.350)
20 (500) 0.6 4,828 (304.550) 10.760 (304.508) 4.93 (1.479)
20 (500) 0.7 5,215 (328.962) 11.620 (328.846) 5.33 (1.599)
20 (500) 0.8 5,575 (351.671) 12.420 (351.486) 5.69 (1.707)
20 (500) 0.9 5,913 (372.992) 13.170 (372.711) 6.04 (1.812)
20 (500) 8 (12.5) 1.0 6,357 (401.000) 14.160 (400.728) 6.49 (1.947)
20 (500) 1.1 6,537 (412.354) 14.560 (412.048) 6.68 (2.004)
20 (500) 1.2 6,828 (430.710) 15.210 (430.443) 6.97 (2.091)
Concrete 21 (520) 0.1 2,242 (141.425) 5.000 (141.500) 2.08 (0.624)
Vitrified clay 21 (520) 0.2 3,171 (200.027) 7.070 (200.081) 2.94 (0.882)
21 (520) 0.3 3,884 (245.042) 8.650 (244.795) 3.60 (1.080)
21 (520) 0.4 4,485 (282.914) 9.990 (282.717) 4.15 (1.245)
21 (520) z (6.3) 0.5 5,014 (316.283) 11.170 (316.111) 4.64 (1.392)
21 (520) 0.6 5,493 (346.498) 12.240 (346.392) 5.09 (1.527)
21 (520) 0.7 5,933 (374.254) 13.220 (374.126) 5.50 (1.650)
21 (520) 0.8 6,343 (400.116) 14.130 (399.879) 5.88 (1.764)
21 (520) 0.9 6,727 (424.339) 14.990 (424.217) 6.23 (1.869)
21 (520) 8 (12.5) 1.0 7,233 (456.258) 16.120 (456.468) 6.70 (2.010)
21 (520) 1.1 7,437 (469.126) 16.570 (469.210) 6.89 (2.067)
Ductile iron 24 (600) 0.05 2,265 (142.876) 5.040 (142.632) 1.60 (0.480)
Steel 24 (600) 0.1 3,204 (202.108) 7.140 (202.062) 2.27 (0.681)
Concrete 24 (600) 0.2 4,531 (285.815) 10.090 (285.547) 3.21 (0.963)

(Continued)
92 ASPE Data Book — Volume 2

(Table 4-4 continued) Slope Discharge Capacity Velocity

Pipe Pipe Size, in./ft % gpm cfs fps

Material in. (mm) (cm/m) (L/s) (L/s) (m/s)

Vitrified clay 24 (600) 0.3 5,549 (350.031) 12.360 (349.788) 3.93 (1.179)
24 (600) 0.4 6,408 (404.217) 14.280 (404.124) 4.54 (1.362)
24 (600) z (6.3) 0.5 7,164 (451.905) 15.960 (451.668) 5.08 (1.524)
24 (600) 0.6 7,848 (495.052) 17.480 (494.684) 5.56 (1.668)
24 (600) 0.7 8,477 (534.729) 18.890 (534.587) 6.01 (1.803)
24 (600) 0.8 9,062 (571.631) 20.190 (571.377) 6.43 1.929)
Concrete 27 (685) 0.05 3,102 (195.674) 6.910 (195.553) 1.74 (0.522)
27 (685) 0.1 4,387 (276.732) 9.770 (276.491) 2.46 (0.738)
27 (685) 0.2 6,204 (391.348) 13.820 (391.106) 3.48 (1.044)
27 (685) 0.3 7,599 (749.345) 16.930 (479.119) 4.26 (1.278)
27 (685) 0.4 8,774 (553.464) 19.550 (553.265) 4.92 (1.476)
27 (685) z (6.3) 0.5 9,810 (618.815) 21.860 (618.638) 5.50 (1.650)
27 (685) 0.6 10,746 (677.858) 23.940 (677.502) 6.02 (1.806)
27 (685) 0.7 11,607 (732.170) 25.860 (731.838) 6.50 (1.950)
Ductile iron 30 (760) 0.05 4,111 (259.322) 9.160 (259.228) 1.87 (0.561)
Steel 30 (760) 0.1 5,813 (366.684) 12.950 (366.485) 2.64 (0.792)
Concrete 30 (760) 0.2 8,221 (518.581) 18.320 (518.456) 3.73 (1.119)
Vitrified clay 30 (760) 0.3 10,069 (635.153) 22.430 (634.769) 4.57 (1.371)
30 (760) 0.4 11,626 (733.368) 25.900 (732.970) 5.28 (1.584)
30 (760) z (6.3) 0.5 12,999 (819.977) 28.960 (819.568) 5.90 (1.770)
30 (760) 0.6 14,239 (898.196) 31.730 (897.959) 6.46 (1.938)
Concrete 33 (840) 0.05 5,302 (334.450) 11.810 (334.223) 1.99 (0.597)
Vitrified clay 33 (840) 0.1 7,498 (472.974) 16.700 (472.610) 2.81 (0.843)
33 (840) 0.2 10,603 (668.837) 23.620 (668.446) 3.98 (1.194)
33 (840) 0.3 12,986 (819.157) 28.930 (818.719) 4.87 (1.461)
33 (840) 0.4 14,995 (945.885) 33.410 (945.503) 5.62 (1.686)
33 (840) z (6.3) 0.5 16,765 (1057.536) 37.350 (1057.005) 6.29 (1.887)
33 (840) 0.6 18,365 (1158.464) 40.920 (1158.036) 6.89 (2.067)
Ductile iron 36 (915) 0.05 6,688 (421.879) 14.900 (421.670) 2.11 (0.633)
Steel 36 (915) 0.1 9,458 (596.611) 21.070 (596.281) 2.98 (0.894)
Concrete 36 (915) 0.2 13,376 (843.758) 29.800 (843.340) 4.22 (1.266)
Vitrified clay 36 (915) 0.3 16,382 (1033.377) 36.500 (1032.950) 5.16 (1.548)
36 (915) 0.4 18,917 (1193.284) 42.150 (1192.845) 5.96 (1.788)
36 (915) z (6.3) 0.5 21,149 (1334.079) 47.120 (1333.496) 6.67 (2.001)
Notes:
1. Calculations for the discharge of circular sewers are based on the Manning Formula: Q = 1.486 AR2/3 S1/2

2. Pipe capacities for sewers are based on an “” value of 0.013. This may vary somewhat with depth of flow and with pipe materials as
follows:
Vitrified clay, concrete, unlined ductile iron = 0.013
Cast iron, uncoated = 0.015
Steel = 0.012
PVC-DWV = 0.009
Corrugated = 0.024
3. Pipe capacities are based on the pipe flowing full.
4. Velocity of flow shall not be less than 2 fps (0.61 m/s).