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•Propositional Logic
• Predicate Logic
• Semantic Networks
• Frames
• Fuzzy Logic
f f f f t t t
f t f t t t f
t f f t f f f
t t t t f t t
ship
IS-A
Ocean_liner
IS-A
Queen_mary
IS-A
animal HAS_PART
mammal
reptile
subclass
LIVES_IN
africa elephant large
SIZE
instance
Nellie apples
LIKES
February 16, 2005 Dr. Al-Amin http://www.geocities.com/alamin_bhuiyan 21
Knowledge Representation: Semantic Net
An long a n im a l
c o v e re d _ b y
existing
tr a v e ls _ b y s k in
fly in g
is a is a
notion: b ir d fis h
tr a v e ls _ b y
there are fe a th e rs
c o v e re d _ b y s w im m in g
different is a is a is a is a
pieces of o s tr ic h p e n g u in c a n a ry r o b in
knowledge tr a v e ls _ b y c o lo u r
of world, and
c o lo u r
linked re d
together in s ta n c e _ o f
through O pus in s ta n c e _ o f
certain T w e e ty
semantics.
c o lo u r
w h ite
Advantages:
Easy to follow hierarchy, easy to trace association, flexible
Disadvantages:
Meaning attached to nodes might be ambiguous
exception handling is difficult
difficult to program
‘Toyota’
Name: Toyota Subclass of: car subclass_of
car
Slots: with
Name: Value: Restrictions: made_in:
‘Japan’.
made in Japan
cylinders 4