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Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al‐Mufaḍḍal al‐Samarqandī al‐Abharī, also known as
Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Munajjim (d. in 1265 or 1262[2] Shabestar, Iran)[1] was a philosopher,
astronomer, astrologer and mathematician. Other than his influential writings, he had many
famous disciples.
He is said to have been a student or teacher in various schools at Khurāsān, Baghdad, and Arbil,
living for some time in Sivas.[1] Ibn Khallikān reports that he was student of Kamāl al‐Dīn ibn
Yūnus, but other sources state that he worked as an assistant to Fakhr al‐Dīn al‐Rāzī.
Astronomy
Kashf al‐ḥaqāʾiq fī taḥrīr al‐daqāʾiq, where he accepts the view that the celestial bodies do not
change and maintains that stars have volition and it is the source of their motion.[1]
Mathematics
Several works on Iṣlāḥ (Correction) of Euclid, one of which is an attempt to prove the parallel
postulate, which was commented upon and criticized by Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī.[1]
Philosophy
Kitāb al-Hidāyah (Guide on Philosophy): a book dealing with the complete cycle of Hikmat,
i.e., logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics.
(https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athir_al-Din_al-Abhari)
AL-ABHARIYY
Inilah terjemahan bagi sebuah teks Bahasa Arab yang berjudul Īsāghūjī. Teks ini telah ditulis
oleh Athīr al-Dīn al- Mufaḍḍal ibn ‘Umar al-Abhariyy al-Samarqandiyy, adakalanya disebut
sebagai al-Abahriyy, bukan al-Abhariyy. Beliau meninggalkan dunia ini pada tahun 663H
bersamaan 1265M.
Al-Abhariyy merupakan seorang yang sangat mahir dalam bidang falsafah, logik, matematik
dan astronomi. Antara kitabnya yang mashhur selain Īsāghūjī ialah kitab
Hidāyat al-Ḥikmah, yang menyatakan secara ringkas mengenai tiga jenis ilmu iaitu logik
(manṭiq), sains
(Terjemahan Kitab Isaghuji oleh Naseer Sobree, 2015. Diterbitkan Oleh : BAYTUL HIKMA
(PG0355779-V) Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.)
Abharī: Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al‐ Mufaḍḍal al‐Samarqandī al‐Abharī
Abharī studied astronomy under Kamāl al‐ Dīn ibn Yūnus, and his keen
interest in the subject, as well as a desire to produce textbooks, led Abharī
to deal with astronomy in several of his works. For example, he devoted the
second part of the third chapter of his work, Kashf al‐ ḥ aqāʾ iq fī taḥ rīr
al‐ daqāʾ iq, to astronomy. There he accepts the widely held view that the
celestial bodies do not undergo the changes found in the sublunar realm,
such as division or rejoining, diminution or growth, expansion or
contraction, and so forth. He also maintains that stars are alive and have
volition, which was the ultimate source of their motion.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_9
ABHARĪ, AṮĪR-AL-DĪN
His Arabic works include the following: 1. Hedāyat al-ḥ ekma, philosophical
work divided into sections on logic (al-manṭ eq), physics (al-ṭ abīʿ īyāt),
and metaphysics (al-elāhīyāt). There are many commentaries on this text
(see list in Brockelmann, GAL S. I, pp. 839-44). The most famous
commentaries are by Mīr Ḥ osayn b. Moʿ īn-al-dīn Maybodī (several
editions; see Brockelmann, GAL S. I, p. 840) and by Ṣ adr-al-dīn
Moḥ ammad Šīrāzī. 2. Ketāb al-Īsāḡ ūǰ ī, or Resāla al-Aṯ īrīya fi’l-manṭ eq,
one of the most popular Arabic elaborations of Porphyry’s Isagogues.
Among the numerous commentaries, and commentaries on commentaries,
of this work are one by Moḥ ammad b. Ḥ amza Fanārī (d. 834/1430-31) and
one by Zakarīyāʾ b. Moḥ ammad al-Anṣ ārī (d. 927/1520). Ṣ adr b. ʿ Abd-
al-Raḥ mān al-Aḵ żarī summarized the work in 94 lines of raǰ az poetry
under the title al-Sollam al-morawnaq fi’l-manṭ eq (Cairo, 1318/1900, and
other editions). This resāla was first published in Rome in 1625 by P.
Thomas Novariensis with a Latin translation, entitled Isagoge, i.e. breve
introductorium arabum in scientiam logicae cum versione latina. E. Calverly
has given an English version of it in the D. B. Macdonald Memorial Volume,
Princeton, 1933, pp. 75-85; see also C. F. Seybold, “Al-Abharī’s Īsaghūjī
und al-Fanārī’s Kommentar dazu,” Der Islam 92, 1919, pp. 112-15.
Other works on logic include Tanzīl al-afkār fī taʿ dīl al-asrār and Jāmeʿ
al-daqāʾ eq fī kašf al-ḥ aqāʾ eq. Among his works on astronomy are:
Moḵ taṣ ar fī ʿ elm al-hayʾ a; Resālat al-asṭ orlāb; Derāyat al-aflāk; al-
Zīǰ al-šāmel, and al-Zīǰ al-eḵ tīārī, known as al-Zīǰ al-Aṯ īrī.
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26284>
First published online: 2008.
First print edition: 9789004171374, 2008, 2008-2