Concepts of State, State Variables & State

Model Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry

by Manish

This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Concept of State, State Variables and State Models”.

1. The transfer function for the state representation of the continuous time LTI system:
dq(t)/dt=Aq(t)+Bx(t)
Y(t)=Cq(t)+Dx(t)
is given by:
a) C(sI-A)-1B+D
b) B(sI-A)-1B+D
c) C(sI-A)-1B+A
d) D(sI-A)-1B+C
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function which is ratio of Laplace output to the Laplace input when the
initial conditions are zero and is calculated by using both the equations.

2. System transformation on function H(z) for a discrete time LTI system expressed in state
variable form with zero initial condition
a) C(zI-A)-1B+D
b) C(zI-A)-1
c) (zI-A)-1z
d) (zI-A)-1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function which is ratio of Laplace output to the Laplace input when the
initial conditions are zero in discrete is same as continuous but in the z-domain.

3. State space analysis is applicable for non-linear systems and for multiple input and output
systems.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: State space analysis is the technique that used state variables and state model for
the analysis and is applicable for non-linear systems and for multiple input and output systems.
4. Assertion (A): Transfer function approach has limitation that it reveals only the system output
for a input and provides no information regarding the internal state of the system.
Reason (R): There may be situations where the output of a system is stable and yet some of the
system elements may have a tendency to exceed their specified ratings.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is False
d) A is False but R is True
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function approach has limitation over state variable analysis and for that it
reveals only the system output for a input and provides no information regarding the internal
state of the system.

5. When human being tries to approach an object, his brain acts as,
a) An error measuring device
b) A controller
c) An actuator
d) An amplifier
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Brain of human being acts as a controller in the human body system as human body
is the control system and when human tries to approach an object the brain of the human acts as
controller.

6. For two-phase AC servomotor, if the rotor’s resistance and reactance are respectively R and X,
its length and diameter are respectively L and D then,
a) X/R and L/D are both small
b) X/R is large but L/D is small
c) X/R is small but L/D is large
d) X/R and L/D are both large
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Small X/R gives linear speed torque characteristic. Large L/D gives less inertia and
good acceleration characteristic.

7. Consider the following statements relating to synchro’s:

1. The rotor of the control transformer is either disc shaped
2. The rotor of the transmitter is so constructed as to have a low magnetic reluctance
3. Transmitter and control transformer pair is used as an error detector
Which of these statements are correct?
a) 1,2 and3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and3
d) 1 and 3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Rotor of control transformer is rotatory part of the transformer and is made
cylindrical in shape so that air gap is practically uniform.

8. Error detector:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Error detector is the part in the armature controlled FHP DC motor where error
detector is the first element that compares the final output with desired output and gives the
accurate results.

9. Servomotor:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration a pair of synchronous transmitter and control
transformer.

10. Amplifier:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Amplifier is an amplidyne which is an amplidyne is an electromechanical amplifier
invented during World War II by Ernst Alexanderson. It consists of an electric motor driving a
DC generator.
State Models for Linear Continuous-Time
Systems Questions and Answers -
Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Control Systems Questions and Answers focuses on “State Models for Linear
Continuous-Time Systems”.

1. Consider the following servomotors:

1. AC-two phase servomotor
2. DC servomotor
3. Hydraulic servomotor
4. Pneumatic servomotor
The correct sequence of these servomotor in increasing order of power handling capacity is:
a) 2,4,3,1
b) 4,2,3,1
c) 2,4,1,3
d) 4,2,1,3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Power handling capacity is the capacity of the system where the system can handle
very high power and among the given is maximum DC servomotor.

2. Open loop transfer function of a system having one zero with a positive real value is called.
a) Zero phase function
b) Negative phase function
c) Positive phase function
d) Non-minimum phase function
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Non-minimum phase system has zero lying on the right half but not pole and
combination of the all pass and minimum phase system can be non-minimum phase system.

3. Assertion (A): The stator winding of a control transformer has higher impedance per phase
Reason (R): The rotor of control transformer is cylindrical in shape.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The control transformer has two parts as stator which is stationary having higher
impedance and rotor which was rotatory was cylindrical in shape.

4. Assertion (A): In a shunt regulator, the control element is connected in shunt with the load to
achieve constant output voltage.
Reason (R): The impedance of the control element varies to keep the total current flowing
through the load and the control element constant.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Shunt regulator refers to the winding connected in shunt or parallel and to achieve
constant output voltage.

5. Assertion (A): In the error detector configuration using a synchro transmitter and synchro
control transformer, the latter is connected to the error amplifier.
Reason (R): Synchro control transformer has almost a uniform reluctance path between the rotor
and the stator.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Synchro control transformer is amplifier that is used to amplify the error and
synchro transmitter is used to detect error.

6. A tachometer is used as an inner loop in a position control servo-system. What is the effect of
feedback on the gain of the sub-loop incorporating tachometer and in the effective time constant
of the system?
a) Both are reduced
b) Gain is reduced but the time constant is increased
c) Gain is increased but the time constant is reduced
d) Both are increased
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Tachometer is the device that is used to control the speed of motor in the control
system and Feedback and effective time constant of the system both are reduced on the gain of
the sub-loop.
7. If the initial conditions are inherently zero, what does it physically mean?
a) The system is at rest but stores energy
b) The system is working but does not store energy
c) The system is at rests or no energy is stored in any of its parts
d) The system is working with zero reference input
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A system with zero initial condition is said to be at rest since there is no stored
energy.

8. In case of DC servomotor the back-emf is equivalent to an “electric friction” which tends to :

a) Improve stability of the motor
b) Slowly decrease stability of the motor
c) Vary rapidly decrease stability of the motor
d) Have no effect on stability
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Back emf is the voltage that is generated in absence of the input and in case of DC
servomotor tends to improve the stability of the motor.

9. Consider the following statements for the pneumatic and hydraulic systems:
1. The normal operating pressure of pneumatic control is very much higher than that of hydraulic
control.
2. In, pneumatic control external leakage is permissible to a certain extent, but there should no
leakage in a hydraulic control.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 and 2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Operating pressure of pneumatic as the control,action is mainly to control the flow
of air is more and also no leakage is permitted in hydraulic systems.

10. The transfer function of a LTI system is given as 1/(s+1). What is the steady-state value of
the unit-impulse response?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Infinite
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Steady state value is the final value and it is calculated from the final vale theorem
and final value theorem is applicable for the stable systems only.

Control Systems Assessment Questions -

Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Control Systems Assessment Questions and Answers focuses on “State Variables and
Linear Discrete-Time Systems”.

1. Which of the following can be used as a tacho generator in control systems?

a) Microsyn
b) DC servomotor
c) AC servomotor
d) Magnetic Amplifier
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Tacho-generator in the control system is used to manage the speed and convert the
speed into measurable terms and AC servomotor can be used as Tacho generator in control
systems.

2. Consider the function F (s)= 5/s(s2+3s+2), the initial value of f(t) is:
a) 5
b) 5/2
c) 5/3
d) 0
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For initial value theorem in which time is at t =0 and for the frequency which is the
inverse of time, the value of s is replaced with infinity and hence the value obtained is 0.

3. An electric motor is developing 10KW at a speed of 900rpm. The torque available at the shaft
is:
a) 106 N-m
b) 66 N-m
c) 1600 N-m
d) 90 N-m
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The formula of the Torque =9.544*Power/speed in rpm and unit is N-m and by this
the value of the torque can be calculated.

4. Assertion (A): Many of the linear control system transfer function do not have poles or zeroes
in the right half s-plane.
Reason (R): These are called minimum phase transfer function.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For minimum phase systems the poles and zeroes must be on the left side of the s-
plane and for the systems which have zeroes on the right half of the s plane are called non-
minimum phase systems.

5. The tacho meter has sensitivity of 5V/1000rpm. The gain constant of the tacho meter is:
a) 0.48V/rad/sec
b) 0.048V/rad/sec
c) 4.8V/rad/sec
d) 48V/rad/sec
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Gain constant = 5*60/2p*1000(V/rad/sec)
0.048 V/rad/sec.

6. The closed loop transfer function of a unity negative feedback system is 100/(s2+8s+100). Its
open loop transfer function is:
a) 100/s+8
b) 1/s2+8s
c) 100/s2-8s
d) 100/s2+8s
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: For unity feedback system the closed loop transfer function is: G/1+GH and the
open loop transfer function can be calculated by balancing the value of G.

7. The impulse response of a linear LTI system is given as g (t) = e(-t)The transfer function of the
system is equal to:
a) 1/s
b) 1/s(s+1)
c) 1/(s+1)
d) s/(s+1)
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Impulse response is just the Laplace transform of the transfer function and the
response is just the Laplace transform of the forward path block.

8. In a closed loop for which the output is the speed of the motor, the output rate control can be
used to:
a) Limit the speed of the motor
b) Limit the torque output of the motor
c) Reduce the damping of the system
d) Limit the acceleration of the motor
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For motor to be the closed loop system the output of the system is the speed of the
motor and output rate can be to limit the speed of the motor.

9. In servo-system, the device used for derivative feedback is known as:

a) Synchro
b) Servomotor
c) Potentiometer
d) Tacho generator
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Tacho generator provides the derivative feedback when used in a servo system and
it controls the speed of the servo-system by providing the value of the speed as feedback.

10. The transfer function of any stable system which has no zeros or poles in the right half of the
s-plane is said to be:
a) Minimum phase transfer function
b) Non-minimum phase transfer function
c) Minimum phase frequency response function
d) Minimum gain transfer function
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For a minimum phase system all the poles and zeroes of a transfer function must lie
on the left of the imaginary axis and these type of the systems if causal are always stable.

Diagonalization - Control Systems Questions

and Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Diagonalization”.

1. State models presented employed:

a) Physical variables
b) Phase variables
c) Canonical variables
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: State models are used in the state model analysis and is employed in all the
variables as physical, phase and canonical phase analysis.

2. State model is generally not suitable for measuring:

a) Investigation of system properties
b) Evaluation of time response
c) Real variables
d) Both a and b
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: State models are used in the state model analysis and is employed in all the
variables as physical, phase and canonical phase analysis and is generally not suitable for
investigation of system properties and evaluation of time response.

3. ______________ are the techniques for converting general state models into canonical one.
a) Observable
b) Controllable
c) Diagoanlization
d) Cannonical
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Diagonalization is the form in which the roots are in the daigonal of the matrix and
are the techniques for converting general state models into canonical one.

4. The values of the characteristic equation is given by:

a) Eigen values
b) State matrix
c) Eigen vector
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Eigen values are the values that are obtained by solving the characteristic equation
these are the roots of the characteristic equation.

5. The matrix constructed by placing the Eigen vectors together is diagonalizing matrix.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Eigen values are the values that are obtained by solving the characteristic equation
these are the roots of the characteristic equation and the matrix constructed by placing the Eigen
vectors together is diagonalizing matrix.

6. The diagonalizing matrix is also known as:

a) Eigen matrix
b) Modal matrix
c) Constant matrix
d) State matrix
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The modal matrix is the matrix formed formed by placing the eigen values that is
the roots of the characteristic equation and this is also known as the diagonalizing matrix.

7. In an open loop control system

a) Output is independent of control input
b) Output is dependent on control input
c) Only system parameters have effect on the control output
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In an open loop control system the system in which there is no feedback present
and in which the output is independent of control input.

8. Which of the following is exhibited by Root locus diagrams?

a) The poles of the transfer function for a set of parameter values
b) The bandwidth of the system
c) The response of a system to a step input
d) The frequency response of a system
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Root locus diagram is the diagram that is constructed in which the locus is traced
with the gain with increasing frequency has the poles of the transfer function for a set of
parameter values.

9. The first order control system, which is well designed, has a

a) Small bandwidth
b) Negative time constant
c) Large negative transfer function pole
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The first order control system is the control system which has atleast the one pole at
the origin or at max one pole, which is well designed has a large negative transfer function pole.

10. A.C. servomotor is basically a

a) Universal motor
b) Single phase induction motor
c) Two phase induction motor
d) Three phase induction motor
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A.C. servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise
control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration is basically a two phase induction
motor.

State Equations Solution - Control Systems

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Solution of State Equations”.

1. Which of the following is an electromechanical device ?

a) Induction relay
b) Thermocouple
c) LVDT
d) Any of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: LVDT is linear variable differential transformer which is an inductive transducer
and converts the displacement of the core to the electrical energy and also is electromechanical
device.

2. A differentiator is usually not a part of a control system because it

a) Reduces damping
b) Reduces the gain margin
c) Increases input noise
d) Increases error
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A differentiator is the phase lead compensator which increases the speed of
response and bandwidth and manages the transient response of the system.

3. If the gain of the critical damped system is increased it will behave as

a) Oscillatory
b) Critically damped
c) Overdamped
d) Underdamped
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Gain of the critical system is inversely proportional to the root of the damping
factor and hence on increasing the gain the damping reduces and system becomes the
underdamped.

4. In a control system integral error compensation _______ steady state error

a) Increases
b) Minimizes
c) Does not have any effect on
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Integral error compensation is the phase lag compensation and reduces the steady
state error and eliminates the error.

5. With feedback _____ reduces.

a) System stability
b) System gain
c) System stability and gain
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Feedback reduces the gain as it causes the stability to the closed loop system and
for the good control system the stability of the system should be high and also the speed of
response.

6. An amplidyne can give which of the following characteristics?

a) Constant current
b) Constant voltage
c) Constant current as well as constant voltage
d) Constant current, constant voltage and constant power
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: An amplidyne has constant current, voltage and power.

7. Which of the following can be measured by LVDT?

a) Displacement
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: LVDT can measure displacement, velocity and acceleration which is a linear
variable differential transformer and inductive transducer.

8. ____________directly converts temperature into voltage.

a) Thermocouple
b) Potentiometer
c) Gear train
d) LVDT
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermocouple is a device that converts the change in the temperature into voltage
in which the change in temperature of the different metals results in change in voltage.

9. The transfer function technique is considered as inadequate under which of the following
conditions?
a) Systems having complexities and non-linearity’s
b) Systems having stability problems
c) Systems having multiple input disturbances
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Transfer function is the ratio of laplace output to the laplace input with the zero
initial conditions and is considered inadequate due to complexity, stability problems and multiple
input disturbances.

10. Which of the following is the output of a thermocouple?

a) Alternating current
b) Direct current
c) A.C. voltage
d) D.C. voltage
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Thermocouple is the device that is used to convert the change in temperature gives
output in DC form.

Controlability & Observability - Control

Systems Questions and Answers -
Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Controllability and Observability”.

1. A system is said to be_____________ if it is possible to transfer the system state from any
initial state to any desired state in finite interval of time.
a) Controllable
b) Observable
c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By definition a system is said to be controllable, if it is possible to transfer the
system state from any initial state to any desired state in finite interval of time.

2. A system is said to be_________________ if every state can be completely identified by

measurements of the outputs at the finite time interval.
a) Controllable
b) Observable
c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By definition, a system is said to be observable, if every state can be completely
identified by measurements of the outputs at the finite time interval.

3. Kalman’s test is for :

a) Observability
b) Controllability
c) Optimality
d) Observability and controllability
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Kalman’s test is the test that is done for the controllability and observability by
solving the matrix by kalman’s matrix individually for both tests.

4. Consider a system if represented by state space equation and x1 (t) =x2 (t), then the system is:
a) Controllable
b) Uncontrollable
c) Observable
d) Unstable
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: After calculating the matrix which for controllable system and finding the
determinant and should not be zero but in this case comes to be zero.

5. For the system , which of the following statements is true?

a) The system is controllable but unstable
b) The system is uncontrollable and unstable
c) The system is controllable and stable
d) The system is uncontrollable and stable
View Answer

Answer: By Kalman’s stability test the system is uncontrollable and root of the characteristic
equation lies on the right side of the s-plane.

6. A transfer function of the system does not have pole-zero cancellation? Which of the
following statements is true?
a) System is neither controllable nor observable
b) System is completely controllable and observable
c) System is observable but uncontrollable
d) System is controllable and unobservable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If the transfer function of the system does not have pole-zero cancellation then it is
completely controllable and observable.

7. Complex conjugate pair:

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Complex conjugate pair is the complex pair of the roots of the equation and has a
focus point.

8. Pure imaginary pair:

a) Centre
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pure imaginary pair is the nature of the root of the equation that has no real part
only has the nature of center for linearized autonomous second order system.

9. Real and equal but with opposite sign.

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Saddle point are real and equal with opposite sign and these points are called the
saddle point as the points are different with real and equal with opposite sign.

10. Real distinct and negative.

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Stable node is real distinct and negative and this node is stable as the points or roots
are real and neative lying on the left side of the plane.

Basic Control Systems Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish

This set of Basic Control Systems Questions and Answers focuses on “Pole Placement by State
Feedback”.

1. ______________ is not a final control element.

a) Control valve
b) Potentiometer
c) Electro-pneumatic converter
d) Servomotor
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Control element refers to the various blocks in the whole control process and the
various control elements can ce controller as control valve, potentiometer, servomotors and
tachometers but potentiometer is not the final control element.

2. Which of the following is the definition of proportional band of a controller?

a) The range of air output as measured variable varies from maximum to minimum
b) The range of measured variables from set value
c) The range of measured variables through which the air output changes from maximum to
minimum
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Proportional band of controller is the range of measured variables through which
the air output changes from maximum to minimum.

3. In pneumatic control systems the control valve used as final control element converts
a) Pressure signal to electric signal
b) Pressure signal to position change
c) Electric signal to pressure signal
d) Position change to pressure signal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In pneumatic control system the control force is the air and and can be used as final
control element converts the pressure signal to position change.

4. Pressure error can be measured by which of the following?

a) Differential bellows and strain gauge
b) Selsyn
c) Strain gauge
d) Strain gauge and potentiometer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure error is the error that is caused due to change in the pressure and the error
can be measured by differential bellows and strain gauge which is by the change of dimensions.

5. Which of the following devices is used for conversion of co-ordinates?

a) Microsyn
b) Selsyn
c) Synchro-resolver
d) Synchro-transformer
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Dimensions of the container can be changed by conversion of the coordinates and
this can ne done with the help of the synchro-resolver.

6. The effect of error damping is to

a) Provide larger settling lime
b) Delay the response
c) Reduce steady state error
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Error damping refers to the error that is caused by the damping in the system and
the effect of this error damping is that it reduces the steady state error and gain of the system
reduces.

7. Technique gives quick transient and stability response

a) Root locus
b) Bode
c) Nyquist
d) Nichols
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Root locus is the locus of the system that is drawn by the change in the gain with
respect to the frequency and this technique gives the quick transient and stability response of the
system.

8. A phase lag lead network introduces in the output

a) Lag at all frequencies
b) Lag at high frequencies and lead at low frequencies
c) Lag at low frequencies and lead at high frequencies
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A phase lag lead network is the network that is similar to the differentiator and it is
used to increase the speed response and increases the stability of the system and this introduces
lag at low frequencies and lead at high frequencies.

9. Which of the following is the non-linearity caused by servomotor?

a) Static friction
b) Backlash
c) Saturation
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Non-linearity is the irregular variation in the two parameters of the servomotor and
this is caused by the saturation in the servomotor.

10. When the initial conditions of a system are specified to be zero it implies that the system is
a) At rest without any energy stored in it
b) Working normally with reference input
c) Working normally with zero reference input
d) At rest but stores energy A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Zero initial condition refers to the condition in which the stored energy is zero and
hence the system implies that the system is at rest without any energy stored in it .

Observer Systems - Control Systems

Questions and Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish
This set of Control Systems Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Observer Systems”.

1. A control system in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output is known as
a) Closed loop system
b) Semi closed loop system
c) Open system
d) Non feedback control system
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Closed system is a control system in which the feedback is present that can be
positive or negative and in which the control action is somewhat dependent on the output.

2. In closed loop control system, with positive value of feedback gain the overall gain of the
system will
a) Decrease
b) Increase
c) Be unaffected
d) Exponentially increase
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Closed loop control system, can be both positive and negative and with positive
value of feedback gain where the overall gain of the system will increase and also the
oscillations.

3. Which of the following is an open loop control system?

a) Field controlled D.C. motor
b) Ward Leonard control
c) Metadyne
d) Stroboscope
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Open loop control systems are the systems which have no feedback and cannot be
used to obtain the desired response and field controlled system is an open loop control system.

4. Which of the following statements is not necessarily correct for open control system?
a) Input command is the sole factor responsible for providing the control action
b) Presence of non-linearities causes malfunctioning
c) Less expensive
d) Generally free from problems of non-linearities
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Open loop control system are the systems which have no feedback and cannot be
used to obtain the desired response and non-linearities does not cause malfunctioning.

5. In open loop system

a) The control action depends on the size of the system
b) The control action depends on system variables
c) The control action depends on the input signal
d) The control action is independent of the output
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In open loop system the output cannot be used to obtain the desired response and
the control action is independent of the output.

6. ___________has tendency to oscillate.

a) Open loop system
b) Closed loop system
c) Open and closed loop systems have tendency to oscillate
d) No Systems have tendency to oscillate
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Open loop control systems are the systems where the output cannot be the desired
output and no feedback is used and gain of the system is very high due to this damping is very
less and hence system has tendency to oscillate.

7. A good control system has all the following features except

a) Good stability
b) Slow response
c) Good accuracy
d) Sufficient power handling capacity
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A good control system is mainly negative feedback closed loop control system
where the gain of system is not very high and damping is present and no oscillations are present
and has fast output response.

8. A car is running at a constant speed of 50 km/h, which of the following is the feedback
element for the driver?
a) Clutch
b) Eyes
c) Needle of the speedometer
d) Steering wheel
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For car as control system steering wheel is the feedback element for the driver as
for driver to maintain constant speed or desired speed steering wheel is the important element
and error detector.

9. The initial response when the output is not equal to input is called
a) Transient response
b) Error response
c) Dynamic response
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Transient response in the response at any time instant other than final response and
this response is at any instant which is mainly dependent on the maximum peak overshoot and
settling time.

10. A control system working under unknown random actions is called

a) Computer control system
b) Digital data system
c) Stochastic control system
d) Adaptive control system
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A control system is the system which is having feedback and can be both positive
and negative and working under unknown random actions is called stochastic control system.