MS/007

`1.0 General

This work shall consist of the necessary excavation & backfilling for foundations of
bridges, culverts, retaining walls, wing walls, drains and other structures and also
disposal of all excavated unsuitable material, shaping and finishing all earth work
involved in conformity with the required alignment, levels, grades and cross sections as
shown in the drawing.

2.0 Reference

Part 2 Section VI -Standard Specification, Clause302, 304, 705 and 706

3.0 Resources

3.1 Material

No. Material Specification

1 Type I embankment material Clause 1708.1 -Standard Specification
2 Type II embankment material Clause 1708.1- Standard Specification
3 Sub base material Clause 1708.2 -Standard Specification

4 Aggregate Base Course Clause 1701.3 -Standard Specification

5 Crushed aggregate filter Clause 1701.1 (b)-Standard Specification.

3.2 Equipments/ Machinery (one unit)

No. Equipment/Machinery Q’ty

1 Backhoe Loader 1
2 Tipper / Farm tractor 1
3 Water Bowser 1
4 Rammer 1
5 1 Ton Roller 1
6 Field density kit 1

3.3 Manpower (One unit)

No. Job Title Q’ty

1 Supervisor 1
2 Labour 4
3 Lab Technician 1
4 Laboratory Helpers 2

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4.0 Sequence of work.

Step 1 Preparation
Prior to commencement of excavation, the limits of excavation shall be set
out as shown in drawings by using timber pegs & string. The depth of
excavation shall be as shown in the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
If it is necessary, exposed surface of excavation shall be protected by erecting
all necessary shoring shuttering or timber planking. Prior to commencement
of backfilling all loose material and any debris shall be removed from the
area to be backfilled. The bottom of the area to be backfilled shall be leveled
and compacted to get even surface. Backfilling shall be commenced after 7
days of construction of the concrete or masonry work.

Step 2 Placing and Compaction of Material.

Approved embankment type 1 and type 2 material from borrow pits shall be
transported and placed in layer not exceeding 225mm loose thickness if
excavated material is not conforming properties of type 1 and type 2 material.
Excavated material shall be used for backfilling if the material is confirmed
with the specification. Material shall be spread by backhoe loader in larger
areas and manually in small areas (wherever the machineries couldn’t be
employed). The material shall be compacted using rammer/ 1 ton roller. After
the specified degree of compaction is achieved in previous layer the
successive layer shall be placed. This process shall be preceded up to the top
of type 1 embankment material layer. The thickness of the type 1 material
layer shall be 150mm. A 200mm thick compacted sub base material and
150mm thick compacted aggregate base course material shall be placed on
the top of type 1 material depend on the position of the backfill.

The field density tests shall be carried out in every fill layer to find out the
degree of compaction as follows.
 The aggregate base course layer shall be compacted to a
density not less than 98% of the Maximum Dry Density of the
material as determined by BS 1377, test 13 (Heavy) or
AASHTO T-180 (modified)
 The sub base layer shall be compacted to a density not less
than 98% of the Maximum Dry Density of the material as
determined by BS 1377 test 13 (modified) or AASHTO T-180.
 The embankment layers shall be compacted to a density not
less than 95% of the Maximum Dry Density of the material as
determined by BS 1377, test 13 or AASHTO T-180.
 The field moisture content shall be determined by drying out
the test pit sample using a gas burner.

Prior to placement of the larger sized aggregate behind the structure, the soil
layer, on which the aggregate is placed, shall be well compacted and made
impervious by constructing a clay puddle and 100mm and 37.5mm crushed
aggregate filter blanket shall be hand packed as shown in the construction
drawings.

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5. Supervision

Position Responsibilities
Site Engineer Perform the backfilling on the basis of method statement
and specifications
Technical Officer All setting out works in accordance with Method Statement
and drawings
Supervisor Assist to Site Engineer/ Technical officer
Laboratory Carrying out of relevant tests in accordance with method
Technician statement

6. Inspection

Site Engineer shall implement the Request for Inspection (RFI) and shall be kept
at site for the Engineer’s consent. When any of the Non-Confirmation identified
by QAM or by the Engineer for the particular construction event Site Engineer
shall perform to issue NCR through the QAM and he shall prepare for the
CAR/PAR

7. Safety Provision

Warning signs shall be displayed in advance as well as in working area. Working

area shall be barricaded with barricading tapes with painted barrels or by placing
traffic cones. Traffic warden jackets are to be provided to all flagmen. When a
road section is closed at night blinker lights shall be provided at both sides.

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