PERCEPTIONS OF MARGOSANON ON FEDERALISM FORM OF

GOVERNMENT

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal

Submitted to

The Faculty of JH Cerilles State College

Margosatubig Offsite Campus

Margosatubig, Zamboanga del Sur

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Secondary Education

By

(NAME)

October 2016
 Approval Sheet

[Only for Thesis 2 after the oral defense, when you are ready

to submit your final copy before binding. Get from the Graduate School]
 THESIS ABSTRACT

Sombilon, Dorisa R. ( 2017). Assessment of the Utilization of GAD Lesson Exemplars in

Developing Araling Panlipunan Self-Made Lesson Materials. Unpublished
Master’s Thesis, Saint Columban College, Pagadian City.

The study was focused in assessing the utilization of GAD Lesson Exemplars
among the Araling Panlipunan teachers in the two big secondary schools in the Division
of Zamboanga del Sur, namely Toribio Minor National High School and Kabatan
National High School. The teachers’ utilization of GAD Lesson Exemplars were
measured in terms of designing Daily Lesson Log, crafting instructional materials,
making assignments/projects, and reading references. The respondents of the study
were the six Araling Panlipunan teachers of Toribio Minor NHS and four Araling
Panlipunan teachers of Kabatan NHS. The study started in October 2016 to October
2017.
The results have shown that the teachers sometimes used the GAD lesson guide
in designing Daily Lesson Log. The reasons of their utilization were the following:
availability of the lessons; comfortable to use; well-designed; time saving; and effort
saving. Relevant to crafting instructional materials, they also utilized it sometimes. Their
reasons of utilization were: they found the GAD guide as an additional /enrichment
activities in class, availability of the lessons, time saving, and interesting. Further, in
making assignment/projects, they used it sometimes. The teachers’ reasons of utilization
was usability and time saving.
In terms of reading references, they used it sometimes. Their reasons of
utilization was some of their lessons were found in the compilation. The following
problems were encountered by the teachers in the usage of the GAD Lesson Exemplars:
lack of copies, outdated compilation, limited and condensed topics, and no trainings.
The action plan of this study, was made to intensify the utilization of GAD materials in
both schools not only in Araling Panlipunan, but also for other discipline as well. It
suggested some ways on how to deal with the problems met by the teachers.

Keywords: GAD Lesson Exemplars, Gender and Development Integration

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 1
The Problem............................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1
Perspective of the Researcher ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................................ 6
Statement of the Problem .................................................................................................... 7
Hypotheses(sis for singular) ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Scope and Limitations of the Study .................................................................................... 8
Significance of the Study...................................................................................................... 8
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................................ 9
Structure of the Thesis .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 2 ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Review of Related Literature ................................................................................................. 10
Variable 1 ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Variable 2 ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Variable 3 ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Research Methodology .......................................................................................................... 11
Research Design .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Research Environment .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Research Participants ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Sampling Techniques ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Instruments.............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Data Gathering Techniques .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Statistical Treatment [for quantitative studies] ................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Data Analysis [for qualitative studies] ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 4 ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 5 ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
 ii

Summary of Findings, Conclusion/s and Recommendations............. Error! Bookmark not

defined.
Summary of Findings ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusion/s............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Recommendations ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
References ................................................................................................................................... 14
Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 14
[Permission to conduct the study] ............................................................................................. 14
Appendix B ................................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix C ................................................................................................................................... 16
Instrument B ................................................................................................................................. 16
Curriculum Vitae .......................................................................................................................... 17
 Chapter 1

The Problem

Introduction

According to Ferrer (2016) Advocating constitutional change has been a

recurring theme in Philippine contemporary politics. Despite some high profile

efforts, the 1987 Constitution is yet to be amended. All amendment proposals

failed before they even reached the stage for submission for a referendum as

required in the constitution.

But this time, it appears different. Under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte,

the push for an overhaul of the country’s political system towards a federal

structure is unusually compelling. Unlike the current bid to reform the

constitution, past efforts were primarily geared at removing the protectionist

measures against foreign ownership of land and the entry of foreign capital in

certain industries, and shifting from the presidential to a parliamentary form of

government, with federalism treated as a secondary item to draw in broader

support. The current reform drive reverses this prioritization. Duterte is most

resentful of ‘Manila imperialism’. He is the first President of the country who hails

from Mindanao, the southernmost part of the country that is farthest from Manila

and the claimed homeland of the erstwhile Moro separatist (now autonomy)

movement. Duterte ran under the Partido Demokaratikong Pilipino-Lakas ng

Bayan (PDP-LABAN), a pro-federalism political party formed in the 1980s. The

 2

current Senate President heads the PDP-LABAN. The Speaker of the House of

Representatives, where President Duterte commands a ‘supermajority,’ is his

hometown mate. In effect, all the key decision-makers are proud Mindanaoans.

Moreover, the ‘ChaCha’ (street lingo for constitutional change) bid is being

done at the beginning of the presidential term, when the chief executive still

enjoys a high rating. Duterte has also allayed fears that the move is intended to

prolong his stay in power beyond the constitutionally-fixed single, six-year term:

‘If you hurry up the federal system of government, you can submit it to the

Filipino people by the fourth or fifth year (of my presidency). You call for a

referendum, and after that call for a presidential election’, he proclaimed. ‘Then I

will go’.

Legislators who support the shift to federalism argue that the 16.6 million

votes for Duterte during the last presidential election was a mandate for

federalism. Federalism is seen as suitable for a multiethnic and multilinguistic,

archipelagic country. The current system is perceived to siphon local income and

wealth to feed the central government and Metro Manila, the richest region in the

country. House resolutions in support of the shift claim that federalism would

enable regions to plan and manage their own development without national

government interference. President Duterte, for his part, has repeatedly said that

only federalism will solve the problem of the Bangsamoro liberation fronts.

The present study on "The Emerging Federal political culture in India: A

survey of public perception" is the only empirical study ever conducted to capture
 3

the public perception on the emerging issues of Indian federalism in general and

federal political culture and structure of India in particular. The study has the

backup of a database comprising of 500 respondents covered in five states in

different regions of the country during 2009-10 and has overall methodical

orientation encompassing qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Four key

objectives were premised to be the focus of information gathering under the

study which were as follows;

1)To study the public perception/attitude of people on the working of

Indian federalism in contemporary India,2)To examine the extent of support of

people at various levels of government, centre,-state and Local.3)To ascertain

how strong/weak is the public opinion on federal structure of India,4) To study

whether any federal political culture in India has emerged particularly in the era of

coalition politics since 1990. Federalism has been described as a response to the

economic political and social conditions of a society. Federations have arisen in

very different circumstances, each being the unique result of choices by political

leaders and larger historical forces.

As a matter of fact, there is no single pure model of federation that is

applicable everywhere, rather the basic notion of involving the combination of

shared rule for some purpose and self rule for others within a single political

system so that neither is subordinate to the other has been applied in different

ways to fit different circumstances. Federal systems are increasingly becoming

popular all over the world. Twenty eight countries home to over 40% of the world

population, either call them federal or are generally considered to be federal.Two

 4

recent polls by the Pew Research Center show that state and local governments

are viewed more favorably than their federal counterparts The first poll,

conducted in April, showed favorability was 61% for local government, 52% for

states and 33% for the federal government. favorable views for all governments

have declined over the last decade, but the decline for Washington, DC has been

especially steep. In 2002 support for each level of government was clustered in

the 60% range. When asked to rate states and federal government on specific

characteristics the states garner more support. However, both levels of

government are viewed with scepticism.

Following previous public opinion polling, there is a partisan divide on which level

of government is viewed more favorably. Satisfaction is related to congruence

between individual partisan affiliation and the partisan composition of the level of
 5

government. Democrats had a 29% favorability rating for the federal government

in the last year of the Bush Administration. With Obama in the White House

Democrats currently have a 51% favorability rating for the federal government.

Republican support for Washington, DC has declined from 53% to 20% over the

same period.

Republicans are generally more supportive of state government. However, this

appears to be related to the partisan control of their state capitals. 70% of

Republicans support state government when the governor and legislature are

controlled by their party. Support declines to 33% when Democrats control their

state government.

A separate survey by the Pew Research Center (The 2012 Values

Survey) shows a little more stability in people’s perception of the

intergovernmental balance of power in the United States. 69% of Americans

agree with the statement “the federal government should run only those things

that cannot be run at the local level.” Republicans (especially conservative

Republicans) have held remarkably steady in their support for this statement.

Conversely Democratic support for decentralization appears to be more related

to the President’s party.

 6

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study in shown in Figure 1.

Perception s Of Implication
Margosanon on
Federalism Form
of Government
 7

Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to investigate the perceptions of Margosanon on

Federalism form of Government. The study will focus in Margosatubig District,

Poblacion, Margosatubig, Zamboanga del Sur utilizing the different sectors as

research participants .

Specifically the following questions will be answered after all the data will

be gathered, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted;

1. To what level is the perceptions of Margosanon on federalism form of

Government in terms of the following;

1.1 student;

1.2 government employee;

1.3 private employee;

1.4 businessmen and

1.5 ordinary citizen?

2. Is there a significant difference between the perceptions of Margosanon

on federalism form of Government and the sector where they belong?

3. Based on the findings, what implication can be drawn?

 8

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope and limitation of this study were presented herein to be able to

demarcate this study from other studies in this same field:

Subject Matter. This study will be focused on the perceptions of

margosanon on federalism form of government.

Research Environment and Timeline. This study will be conducted at the

Josefina Herrrera cerilles State Colllege Division of Zamboanga del Sur.

Research Participants. The research participants comprised of JHCSC

students particularly first year students ,government employee, LGU unit, Private

Employee, Business and Ordinary Citizen.

Research Design. The study is quantitative in nature and employed a

semi-structured questionnaire that generated the quantifiable

Research Instruments. The research instrument that will be used for this

study will be a researcher-designed, semi-structured questionnaire that will be

presented and duly approved by the panellists.

Significance of the Study

This study was designed to benefit the following stakeholders:.

Administrators. The study will help the administrators to obtained

significant inferences on perceptions of Margosanon on Federalism form of

government.
 9

Teachers. The study would also be provided an appropriate information to

Teachers in order to integrate in their lesson specifically in Araling Panlipunan

subject information discrimination about Perceptions of Margosanon Federalism

form of Government.

Other researchers The research will be contributed to the literature on

Federalism form of government which would serve as possible background

literature for future.

Definition of Terms

The following terms will be used extensively in this study and shall be taken

according to the definition given below: arrange alphabetically]

Confederalism-comes from the Latin word foedus, meaning “treaty, pact or covenant .

Federalism-is the mixed or compound mode of government ,combining a general

government (the central or ’federal ’government )with regional governments (provincial

state cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.

Federalist-the term federalist describes several political beliefs around the world

depending on context.

Modern Federalism- is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which

the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments

.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

[Introductory paragraph.] This chapter reviews the literature related to V1, V2

and V3, which will provide bases for the interpretation of the data that shall be gathered

later.

[Concluding paragraph where the gaps in the related literature are identified
hence the current study]

Based on the review of related literature, it has been found that there is a dearth

of materials related to the relationships of the three variables. Hence, this study is

proposed to focus on the relationships of variables 1 and 2 to variable 3 in the District of

Kumalarang, Zamboangadel Sur.

 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research methodology of the study. It includes

discussion on the research design and research methods covering the research

environment, research subjects, sampling techniques, instrumentation, data gathering

techniques, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study made use of the Descriptive Survey Method with the aid of the

Questionnaire Checklist as the researcher data gathering device .This method in fact-

finding with adequate interpretation. Through this method, the facts of respondents,

perceptions of Margosanon on Federalism form of Government and its impact to their

track choices, are interpreted and analyzed.

Research Environment

`Research Participants

The research participants comprised of JHCSC students particularly first year

students ,government employee, LGU unit, Private Employee, Business and Ordinary

Citizen.

Sampling Techniques

The sampling process that was used in this study was the simple random, with

the lottery as the main method in identifying the actual identity of the student

respondents. This was done by writing separately the names of students in small sheets

of paper, which was rolled and placed in individual boxes. Using the sampling design,
 12

the researcher will draw a set of sample students from each box. The researcher will get

names from the box until the desired number of respondents for each set will reach to

sixty (60).

The researcher personally distributed the questionnaire-checklist to the selected

Grade 10 students-respondents of TMNHS during their free periods.

The respondents were given instructions on what to do with the questionnaire.

Instrumentations

For this study, a survey rating scale/questionnaire was used to gather the

respondents’ feedback. The researchers adapted the questionnaire used in the research

conducted in Don Bosco Technology Center Inc. entitled “Factors Affecting Senior High

School Track Preferences of Grade 9 Students of Don Bosco Technology Center, Inc.

Academic Year 2014-2015:A Basis for Career Guidance Program.

Part I of the questionnaire covered the socio-demographic profile of the

respondent; such as age, gender, parent’s educational attainment, parents’ occupation,

and socio-economic status. Part II covered the career/field that the respondent would

pursue and their track preference. Lastly, the respondents were asked of their preferred

response in a 16-item rating scale that is under Part III, wherein they would rate each

item on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 as “not influenced” and 5 as “very much influenced”.

Data Gathering Techniques

The researcher asked permission in writing from the school head of Toribio Minor

National High School to field the questionnaire to the respondents. The approved letter

was presented to the class advisers of the respondents.

As soon as the target respondents were notified and consented in the

participation on the research, the schedule to field the instrument was then set. The

researcher oriented the respondents about the purpose and the nature of the study. The

data was immediately retrieved, classified, categorized, analyzed, and interpreted

 13

Statistical Treatment

Descriptive Statistical Method was used in this study. The data collected from the

respondents was tabulated, classified, analyzed and interpreted.

This study used descriptive statistics to determine career preferences of the

grade 10 students and its impact to their chosen courses. It also employed Duncan

Multiple Range Test to measure the validity of the hypotheses, spelled out the significant

differences in the levels of the two variables in terms of their scores. The t-test was also

utilized to test the hypotheses that projected the significant relationship between career

preferences and their track choice.

The Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), computer software, was also

used to test the data on significant relationship for accuracy and convenience.
 References

Duterte’s Philippines and the push for constitutional shift towards federalism
http://www.constitutionnet.org/news/dutertes-philippines-and-push-constitutional-shift-
towards-federalism (acesssjanuary 21 2018)

http://www.constitutionnet.org/news/dutertes-philippines-and-push-constitutional-shift-
towards-federalism

Public opinion and Indian Federalism http://paperroom.ipsa.org/papers/paper_30505.pdf

https://theamericanpartnership.com/2012/06/15/federalism-and-public-opinion/ Appendix

[Permission to conduct the study]

 15

Appendix B

(Instrument A)
 16

Appendix C

Instrument B
 17

Curriculum Vitae

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