Kantian Aesthetics: Beautiful vs Sublime
By: Jeanette Winterson
• Beautiful
- Draws outward
- World interpreting the world as a
universal cosmological world
• Sublime
- Philosophical
- Mystery
- Ineffable
• Art as Aesthetic Text
- Universally accepted as beautiful
- Stretches imagination
- Encounter with the sublime
- Deal of imagination before one can
be submerged into the text
- Need to know the context
• Art as Sublime Text
- Individuality
- Own judgement of taste
- Look for purpose
Aura
• Original
• Has its own immortality
• Not copied, replicated, reproduced
• Devalued because of mechanical
reproduction – Walter Benjamin
- Art is losing aura
- Art can easily be reproduced
- Authenticity is being devalued
because aura is no longer present
because of mechanical reproduction
Imagination and Reality
• Situating the artist in the artificial,
constructive world – notional world
• Money culture
• Language of art
• Premise of situating art
• Artist is transmitter, bringer of vision,
not a creator
- Art is more than the
autobiographical and subjective
expression of the self
• Art Resistors
- Subject is subjected to the notional
world
- Money as profit
- Art or individuality is devalued
because of the system
Notes on a Potter’s Life
By: Julie Lluch
• Inspired to become a sculptor because of
three encounters that involved the “pure
art” of pottery
- Genesis: Story of Creation
- Ugetsu: Japanese film
- Carlos Castaneda’s landscape
• Clay as her personal metaphor
• Craft and life of the artist
It All Starts with Curiosity
By: Howie G. Severino
The Music of Instruments: From Court to Concert
By: Daniel J. Boorstin
An Artist’s Reflection on Babaylan
By: Grace Nono Aves
Babaylan as Dancer
By: Myra Beltran
Joseph Hadyn (1732-1809)
• Father of Symphony
• Father of Sonata Form
• Father of String Quartet
• “Papa”
• Golden Age of Aristocracy
• Typical Figure of Enlightenment
• Chevalier Gluck: Envied by composers
because of his success
• Not well-educated but a man with
common sense, integrity, and intellectual
honesty
• Under royal patronage
• Traditional
• Esterhazy (Hungary)
- Never questioned his position
- Feet firm on the ground
• Career was a slow growth
• 1758: Music director and composer for
Count Ferdinand Maximilian von
Mouzin
• 1760: Married Maria Aloysia Apollonia
Keller
- Greatest single mistake
- Daughter of hairdresser
- He was in love with one of the other
sisters
• 1761: Vice Kapellmeister of Esterhazy
family
- Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy
o Head of the greatest and
richest family in Hungary
o Lover of art and music
- Castle at Eisenstadt
o 200 rooms for guests
o Parks, theaters
- Served Prince Paul -> Died 1762
- Prince Nikolaus
o Built himself a new castle:
Esterhaza
o Got along very well with
Haydn
o Haydn was expected to
compose a great deal of
music for Nikolaus to play
▪ 200 pieces
▪ Baryton, viola, cello
o Always satisfied with
Haydn’s work
• 1766: Kapellmeister
- Direct orchestra
- Compose music
- Librarian
- Administrative duties
o Music, hire and fire
personnel, copyist
- Supplied music for 2 weekly concerts
o Tuesday and Saturday, 2-4
pm
- In charge of opera performances and
composed many for Esterhaza
theater
• First Concert: March 11, 1791
- Conducted an orchestra from the
piano
• London Notebooks
- Diary
- Impressions about musical and
social life in England
• 1802: Released from official duties
• Lived quietly in Vienna
• Greatest contribution: Consolidation of
sonata form
• 12 London Symphonies
- Last great symphony
- John Peter Salomon
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791
• Salzburg, Austria
• Father of Opera
• Synergy of Opera
• First Modern Psychologist of Opera
- Made his music explain mood,
situation, and character
• Raphael of Music
- Conventional approach (style galant)
o Impress nobility
o Classical
• Finest pianist and organist in Europe
• Finest conductor
• One of the most exploited child prodigies
in the history of music
• Elegant, dainty rococo composer
• Tragedy: Grew up reliant on his father
and unable to meet demands of society
and life
• Struggled to escape the domain of his
father
• Antithesis of his father
• Under royal patronage • Did not gain from his musical
• 1777: Tour with mother -> find a job compositions
• Munich, Germany • Prolific
- Weber Family • Needed to please his father and his
o Family of artists and population in Europe especially Vienna
musicians
- Aloysia Weber Ludwig Van Beethoven
o Prima donna of the opera
o His love • December 16, 1770 – March 26, 1827
▪ But married • Bonn
Constanze • Der Spagnol
• Inspired by Bach • Master of Different Musical Forms
• The Marriage of Figaro • Disorganized, slow worker
- Opens the door to a new world of • Full of ideas, originality
opera • First came to frame as a pianist
- With Lorenzo de Ponte • First of the modern piano virtuosos
o Poet • Objected to Don Giovanni – immoral
o Mozart applies musical • Demanded for money
techniques to his poems • Eroica Symphony
▪ Proportion and - One of the turning points in musical
rightness history
• Don Giovanni - Borrowed money from a royal
- Most romantic of Mozart’s opera benefactor for it to be produced
- Greatest opera - Unconventional
- Style Galant o Polyphonic: leaps and
- Structure, conformity sudden shift
- Major keys o Long
• Piano Concerto o Difficult to play
- Musical form developed by Mozart ▪ Variety of
into symphonic breadth instruments to be
• Constantly talking and writing about used
“taste” - Cryptic
• Little of his music was published during - Schizophrenic
his lifetime – 144 works in all - Extremist in nature
• Misunderstood by the 19th Century - Unpredictable
• His music stands rehabilitated, freed - No linear movement
from aesthetic misconceptions - Said to be dedicated to Napoleon
• Musically more aristocrat than Bonaparte
Beethoven o Lover of Classical music and
• Student of Haydn extended symphony
- How he learned to play quartet - Thematic expxression
• Mason, artisan - Complex harmonies
• Toured with his father to expose his - Fierce dissonances
talent • Music was more rugged than that of
• Did not know about the meaning of Haydn and Mozart
being an artist and being sublime • Bridge between Classicism and
• Wanted to be with the people and the Romanticism
crowd • Revolutionary music
• Father is living a life of nobility and • Unconventional
aristocracy • Self-educated
• Proud of his own genius
 • Needed money to support his career Romanticism
• Nobility, aristocracy • Fusion of many themes
• Substituted sight for hearing
• Particular with taste Baroque Period
• Innovator of music • Gothic, cryptic, powerful overlay,
powerful expression of emotion
Beethovenian Music - Anguish, love, hatred
• Idealmusik - Adapted in Romanticism
- Lean towards ethics rather than pure
art or music Classicism
- Ethos or soul more than music • Poise
• Aristocracy
Golden Age in Music: Classicism – Romanticism • Foundation to expand all branches of
knowledge
Keys Used in Romantic Period • Embraces structure
• Minor Keys • Convention
- C minor • Bridge between Baroque and
- Dark feelings, sentiments Romanticism
• Major Keys
- C major – finesse Austria
- A major and D flat – simple • Birthplace of some greatest musical
familiarity, delight composers

Keys Used by Beethoven London

• Minor Keys • Haven for music composers
- C Minor, D Minor
o Gothic elements, dark Italy
expressions • Visual artists
• Leap in dynamics and tempos
- Unpredictable France
• Saturnilla • Birthplace of French Neo-Classicism
- Merriment
Style Galant
• Haydn and Mozart
• Well-contoured
• Polished
• Melodious
• Harmonic
• Graceful/Poise

Sturm und Drang: 1770s

• Storm and Drive: Strong personal desire
to compose and create
- Storm
o Classicism
o Structure, foundation
- Drive
o Romanticism
• Period in Europe when creators tried to
express a more personal kind of feeling
• Pre-Romantic Age
 • Dominated Germany
• Proto-Romantic Tradition
• Beethoven best represents Sturm und
Drung

Rococo
• Employ lots of decoration
• Festive mood
• Mixture of attributes
• Full of detail
• Valence – experience

2 Forces Governing Art – Joseph Campbell

• Aesthetic Arrest
- Perfect artist
- Art as material
- Concentration/force
• Ecstatic Arrest
- Body as channel or instrument to
communicate
- Mystic
- No attachment to the physical world