32

CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENT

A. Object of Research

When the writer did observation in SMP NAHDATUL ULAMA (NU)

KRAMATWATU, the writer tried to teach English use Reading Material as a

Media to teach Extensive Reading. The writer used material reading as teaching

extensive reading to build students ability in reading ability. In this research the

writer took the population in the whole students of the VIII grade A Class are 24

students, the goal of the research is intended to prove the accurate data in

accordance with the research title.

B. Research Result

1. The score of test 1

The student in experiment class obtained mean 80.75 for test 1. The scores

they got in these test would be describing in the table :

Table 4.1
Variable X (The Influence of Extensive Reading not used story telling
books)

No Student’s Name Total

1 Ayu Yulianti 75
2 Bagus Setiawan 70
3 Dede Muspick 75
4 Farhan Maulana S 75
5 Hayudin 75
6 Iqbaludin 70

32
 33

7 Ibnu Royadi 70
8 Juli Awaludin 70
9 M. Faris 70
10 M. Maulana Dimas A 75
11 Mujahidin 75
12 Muhammad Farhat 75
13 Rohayah 65
14 Roudoh 65
15 Saefullah 65
16 Sri Maulidah 75
17 Sri Rahmawati 70
18 Subhan 65
19 Suhendra 65
20 Ulumudin 70
21 Surena Adnda 80
22 Yuliana 80
23 M. Riki Sopian 75
24 Zelita RMN 70
Total 1720
Average 71.66

Based on the above data, it is known that the lowest value is 65 and the

highest value is 80

To analyze data variable X, that the highest value lessened by the lower

value, the authors take the following steps :

a. Determine range, with formula

R:H–L

= 80 – 65

= 15

b. Determine the number of classes with the formula :

K = 1 + 3.3 Log n
 34

= 1 + 3.3 Log 24

= 1 + 3.3 (1.380211)

= 1 + 4.55469

= 5.55 (round 6)

c. Determine the length of the class, with the formula :

𝑃
P=
𝐾

15
P=
6

P = 2.5 = (round 3)

d. Determine the frequency distribution of X variable

Number of Interval Fx Xi FXi

class
1 65 – 70 13 65.5 851.5
2 71 – 76 9 71.5 643.5
3 77 – 82 2 77.5 155
Total 24 1650
14

12

10

0
65 – 70 71 – 76 77 – 82

Picture 4.1
Chart Histrogram Determine the frequency distribution of X variable
 35

Analysis of central tendency (the size of the central symptoms) by :

By using frequency distribution list above, the do analysis of central

tendency with table calculation of the mean, median and mode as follow :

a. Calculating Mean, by the formula :

∑ 𝑋1
𝑀𝑒 =
𝑛

Me = Mean (range)

∑X1 = The value of each of data

n = Amount of data

∑ 𝑋1
𝑀𝑒 =
𝑛

1650
𝑀𝑒 =
24

Me = 68.75

b. Calculating mode, with the formula :

𝑏1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 ( )
𝑏1 + 𝑏2

Mo = Modus

b = Limit of the low class modus

p = the length of class

b1 = frequency class modus minus frequency class before

b2 = frequency class modus minus the next class

Mo = Modus
 36

b = 65 – 0.5 = 64.5

p =6

b1 = 13

b2 = 13 – 9 = 4

𝑏1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 ( )
𝑏1 + 𝑏2

13
𝑀𝑜 = 64.5 + 6 ( )
13 + 4

13
𝑀𝑜 = 64.5 + 6 ( )
17

Mo = 64.5 + 6 (0.76)

Mo = 64.5 + 4.56

Mo = 69.06

c. Calculate median, with the formula :

1
𝑛−𝐹
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 2
𝑓

Md = Median

b = the low limit of class median

n = Amount of sample

p = length of class interval

F = amount of all frequency before class of median

f = frequency of class median

 37

1
𝑛−𝐹
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 2
𝑓

Md = 1/2x24=12

b = 65 – 0.5 = 64.5

n = 24 (Amound of sample)

p = 65,66,67,68,69,70,71 = 6

F=0

f=6

1
𝑛−𝐹
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 2
𝑓

12 − 0
𝑀𝑑 = 64.5 + 6 ( )
6

12
𝑀𝑑 = 64.5 + 6 ( )
6

Md = 64.5 + 6 (2)

Md = 64.5 + 12

Md = 76.5

From the result of these studies was obtained Mean = 68.75. Mode = 69.06

and median = 76.5. If depicted in a graph histogram and polygon will taken like

image below :
 38

78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
Mean Median Mode

Picture 4.2
Chart Histogram Mean, Modus and Median of X variable

d. Calculating standard deviation of X variable

Interval F Xi X2 F.X F.X2

65 – 70 13 65.5 4290.25 851.5 55773.25
71 – 76 9 71.5 5112.25 643.5 46010.25
77 – 82 2 77.5 6006.25 155 12012.5
Total 24 - 1650 113796
Average 82.5

(𝑓. 𝑥)2
∑ 𝑓. 𝑥 2 −
√ ∑𝑓
𝑆2 =
(∑ 𝑓 − 1)

16502
𝑆2 = √113796 − 24
(24 − 1)
 39

140264 − 113437
𝑆2 = √
23

26827
𝑆2 = √
23

𝑆 2 = √1166

𝑆 2 = 34.1

So, from the data interpretation of standard deviasi X variable S2 = 34.1

2. The score of test 2

The student obtained mean 80.0 for test 2. The scores they got in these test

would be describing in the table :

Table 4.2
Variable Y (Reading Extensive Reading by used story telling books)
No Student’s Name Total
1 Ayu Yulianti 95
2 Bagus Setiawan 65
3 Dede Muspick 70
4 Farhan Maulana S 70
5 Hayudin 80
6 Iqbaludin 65
7 Ibnu Royadi 65
8 Juli Awaludin 65
9 M. Faris 75
10 M. Maulana Dimas A 100
11 Mujahidin 70
12 Muhammad Farhat 90
13 Rohayah 70
14 Roudoh 60
15 Saefullah 70
16 Sri Maulidah 95
17 Sri Rahmawati 75
 40

18 Subhan 60
19 Suhendra 70
20 Ulumudin 65
21 Surena Adnda 90
22 Yuliana 80
23 M. Riki Sopian 95
24 Zelita RMN 65
Total 1805
Average 75.208

a. Determine range, with formula

R = H–L

= 100 – 60

= 40

e. Determine the number of classes with the formula :

K = 1 + 3.3 Log n

= 1 + 3.3 Log 24

= 1 + 3.3 (1.380211)

= 1 + 4.5546

= 5.55 (round 6)

f. Determine the length of the class, with the formula :

𝑅
P=
𝐾

40
P=
6

P = 6.66 (round 7)
 41

g. Determine the frequency distribution of Y variable

Number of Interval Fx Xi FXi
class
1 60 – 66 8 60.5 484
2 67 – 72 6 67.5 405
3 73 – 78 2 73.5 147
4 79 – 84 2 79.5 159
5 85 – 90 2 85.5 171
6 91 – 96 3 91.5 274.5
7 97 – 102 1 97.5 97.5
Total 24 1738

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
60 – 66 67 – 72 73 – 78 79 – 84 85 – 90 91 – 96 97 – 102

Picture 4.3
Chart Histrogram Determine the frequency distribution of Y variable
 42

b. Calculating Mean, by the formula :

∑ 𝑋1
𝑀𝑒 =
𝑛

1805
𝑀𝑒 =
24

Me = 75.2

c. Calculating mode, with the formula :

𝑏1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 ( )
𝑏1 + 𝑏2

Mo = Modus

B = Limit of the low class modus

P = the length of class

B1 = frequency class modus minus frequency class before

B2 = frequency class modus minus the next class

Mo = Modus

b = 60 – 0.5 = 59.5

p =8

b1 = 8

b2 = 8 – 6 = 2

𝑏1
𝑀𝑜 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 ( )
𝑏1 + 𝑏2

8
𝑀𝑜 = 59.5 + 8 ( )
8+2
 43

8
𝑀𝑜 = 59.5 + 8 ( )
10

Mo = 59.5 + 8 (0.8)

Mo = 59.5 + 6.4

Mo = 65.9

d. Calculate median, with the formula :

1
𝑛−𝐹
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 2
𝑓

Md = Median

b = the low limit of class median

n = Amount of sample

p = length of class interval

F = amount of all frequency before class of median

f = frequency of class median

𝑀𝑑 = Median

b = 60 – 0.5 = 59.5

n = 24 (Amound of sample)

p = 60,61,62,63,64,65,66 = 6

F=0

f=8
 44

1
𝑛−𝐹
𝑀𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑝 2
𝑓

12 − 0
𝑀𝑑 = 59.5 + 6 ( )
8

12
𝑀𝑑 = 59.5 + 6 ( )
8

Md = 59.5 + 6 (1.5)

Md = 59.5 + 7.5

Md = 67

From the result of these studies was obtained Mean = 75.2. Mode = 65.9

and median = 67. If depicted in a graph histogram and polygon will taken like

image below :

76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
Mean Median Mode

Picture 4.4
Chart Histogram Mean, Modus and Median of X variable
 45

3. Testing Data Analiyis

To know the influence of extensive reading toward students reading

fluency. The result in meant to be seen in the following table.

Table 4.3
Relationship X Variable and Y Variable
No Student’s Name X Y X2 Y2 XY
1 Ayu Yulianti 75 95 5625 9025 7125
2 Bagus Setiawan 70 65 4900 4225 4550
3 Dede Muspick 75 70 5625 4900 5250
4 Farhan Maulana S 75 70 5625 4900 5250
5 Hayudin 75 80 5625 6400 6000
6 Iqbaludin 70 65 4900 4225 4550
7 Ibnu Royadi 70 65 4900 4225 4550
8 Juli Awaludin 70 65 4900 4225 4550
9 M. Faris 70 75 4900 5625 5250
10 M. Maulana Dimas A 75 100 5625 10000 7500
11 Mujahidin 75 70 5625 4900 5250
12 Muhammad Farhat 75 90 5625 8100 6750
13 Rohayah 65 70 4225 4900 4550
14 Roudoh 65 60 4225 3600 3900
15 Saefullah 65 70 4225 4900 4550
16 Sri Maulidah 75 95 5625 9025 7125
17 Sri Rahmawati 70 75 4900 5625 5250
18 Subhan 65 60 4225 3600 3900
19 Suhendra 65 70 4225 4900 4550
20 Ulumudin 70 65 4900 4225 4550
21 Surena Adnda 80 90 6400 8100 7200
22 Yuliana 80 80 6400 6400 6400
23 M. Riki Sopian 75 95 5625 9025 7125
24 Zelita RMN 70 65 4900 4225 4550
Total 1720 1720 1805 123750 139275
 46

From the above the data are known :

∑X = 1720

∑Y = 1805

∑X2 = 123750

∑Y2 = 139275

∑XY = 130225

Calculate the regression equation with the formula :

(∑y)(∑𝑥𝑖2 ) − (∑x𝑖 )(∑xy)

𝑎=
(𝑁. ∑𝑥𝑖2 ) − (∑𝑥𝑖 )2

(1805)(123750) − (1720)(130225)
𝑎=
(24.123750) − (1720)2

(223368750) − (223987000)
𝑎=
(2970000) − (2958400)

(1350250)
𝑎=
(11600)

𝑎 = − 53.29

(𝑁. ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥𝑖 )(∑ 𝑦)
𝑏=
(𝑁. ∑ 𝑥𝑖2 )2 − (∑ 𝑥𝑖 )2

(24.130225) − (1720)(1805)
𝑏=
(24. 17202 ) − (1720)2

(3125400) − (3104600)
𝑏=
(71001600) − (2958400)

(50800)
𝑏=
(68043200)

𝑏 = 0.000305
 47

in here after known a and b can calculate regression that :

Ŷ = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋

Ŷ = −53.297 + 0.0003𝑋

Calculate the product moment correlation analysis, with formula :

𝑁 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√(∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 (𝑁. ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 )

24(130225) − (1720)(1805)
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√24(123750) − (1720)2 . (24.139275)−(1805)2 )

(3125400) − (3104600)
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√(2970000) − (2958400). (3342600) − (3258025)

20800
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√(11600). (84575)

20800
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
√981070000

20800
𝑟𝑥𝑦 =
31322.03697

𝑟𝑥𝑦 = 0.66406

Provide interpretation of rxy and draw conclusion after the known value of

“r” (r the calculation), then the writer interpret the result of these conclusion are :

Ha : In accepted if the les than the list of “r” table. Conversely, if the price

of “r” then equal to the list of “r” table, so Ho refused.

Based on result of correlation analysis data r account bigger then r table

(0.664>0.404) this result mean there is positive relation.

 48

O determine the level of correlation (correlation criterion) of the “r” product

moment, the criteria are :

Value of correlation (r) Degree of relationship

0.0 – 0.199 Very less
1.0 – 0.399 The correlation is low
0.40 – 0.599 The correlation is quite
0.60 – 0.799 The strong correlation
0.80 – 1.000 Very strong correlation
From research and data processing of analysis, the writer provide data

interpretation of rxy, from the calculaton of “r” = 0.664 and the result the mean the

correlation is strong correlation.

Testing the significance of the correlation can be calculated using the

formula :

𝑟√𝑛 − 2
𝑡=
√1 − 𝑟 2

0.664√24 − 2
𝑡=
√1 − 0.440988

0.664(4.690415)
𝑡=
0.783248
3.114760132
𝑡=
0.7832483

𝑡 = 3.976

Based on result of analysis data t account bigger than t table (3.976 >1.711) this

result mean there is the influence of Extensive Reading by used story telling books.
 49

C. Data Interpretation

From the result of research, that the mean of test 1 Score obtained by

extensive reading from student was 65 and the highest score of test 1 = 80. And

the mean of test 2 in story telling books obtained by student was 60, the highest

score of test 2 = 100

From the interpretation above that there is the influence of using extensive

reading used story telling to increase students reading fluency.

 50

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSTION AND SUGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

Based on this research about the influence of extensive reading to

increasestudents reading fluency, the writer would like to conclude the data obtain

an the hypothesis submitted at the previous chapter as follow :

There is the influence of extensive reading by presentation students 65 lowest

score and the highest score is 80 in the first test and the result of the research in

the second test by used the material of extensive reading with story telling books,

the lowest score is 60 and the highest score is 100.

In this research was used testing of product moment correlation analysis, the

research of data processing = 0,664 its means is correlation is strong and for testing

significance 5% and therefore account bigger than table ( 0.664 < 0,404 ) its mean

there is influence of using extensive reading to increase student reading with

fluency, and the material reading is used story telling book is effective for made

the students interested for learning reading skills from the interpretation above if

the presentation an retell on the used story telling books was good effect and there

was influence for students to made their ability in reading skill fluency, the

students should be motivated to learn reading activity in their daily activity, and

50
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the students should be more get much knowledge, because it’s the accomplishment

to enlarge talent and master English.

The influence of extensive reading is giving effect and has good result on

reading fluency , extensive reading can be used for teaching because it is best way

of learning and revising material that is quick and works it could increase students

motivated and make the teachers easier to explain the learning material

B. Suggestions

1. The English teacher should be able to give motivation to the students in

interested English language.

2. The teacher should learn more how to increase their abilities in English

atmosphere in the class, so that students will be happy and enjoy in English

learning.

3. The teacher should be familiar with varieties of teaching technique to

improve their students reading skill.

4. The teacher is better to give more practical concerning with reading.

5. The better result will be reach if the language teacher prepare her or his

class room only for a little student.