SITI NUR IZZATI BINTI ZAM ZAM

06DEP15F2006

DEP5S1

ESSAY QUESTION 2

I. Describe the link budget of the satellite.

-Addition and subtraction of gains and losses within RF link

-an estimatioh of end-to-end system performance

2.Calculate the link budget system

i) up-link

C/N =EIRP + GT -LOSSES- K

EIRP=GT+PT-LOSS

=10DB+20DB-(10DB+114DB+2DB)

=10DB+20DB-(126DB)

=-96DB

C/N=EIRP+GT-LOSSES-K

=-96DB+14DB-126DB-228.6DB

=-322.6DB

ii)down-link

C/N=EIRP+GT-LOSSES-K

EIRP=GT+PT-LOSS

=10DB+15DB-(2DB+2DB)

=10DB+15DB-4DB

=21DB

C/N=EIRP+GT-LOSSES-K

=21DB+14DB-4DB-228.6DB

=-197.5DB
EOC 3
1 .Sketch the block diagram of typical radar system and explain the operation of each
block

-TRANSMITTER generates electromagnetic energy in the form of short, powerful pulses.

-DUPLEXER allows the same antenna to be used for transmitting and receiving.
-ANTENNA SYSTEM routes the electromagnetic energy from the transmitter, radiates it in a
highly directional beam, receives any returning echoes, and routes those echoes to the
receiver.
-RECEIVER amplifies the weak, electromagnetic pulses returned from the reflecting object
and reproduces them as video pulses that are sent to the indicator.
-INDICATOR produces a visual indication of the echo pulses in a manner that, at a minimum,
furnishes range and bearing information.

2. Explain the operation of secondary radar in redar system,

-The secondary radar unit transmits and also receives high-frequency impulses, the
so-called interrogation. This isn't simply reflected, but received by the target by
 means of a transponder which receives and processes. After this the target answers
at another frequency.
-Various kinds of information like, the identity of aircraft, position of aircraft, etc. are
interrogated using the secondary radar. The type of information required defines the
MODE of the secondary radar.

3,.Use suitable for mula to calculate the transmitted power for the given values:
Gain = 10,000 (40 dB)
Target is at 100 km range
Power Flux De nsity = 8 x 10 "3 Watts/m

Pt= sinc (4π)(r²)

=(8x10³)(4π)(100 k)

10 000

=100.53 kw

4.using the radar range equation, determine the required transmit power for the TRACS
radar given:
Pmin = 10 watts,
G = 2000,

PRF = 524
2.0 m
Pr= π²G²Pt
64π³
Pr x π²G² = Pt
64π³

10watt ( 2.0)(0.23²)(2000²) =Pt

64(0.23m³)
4.4436M =Pt
0.779
5.694 =Pt