Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of more than 200 drugs

Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210
Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of more than 200 drugs

F. Musshoff*, S. Padosch, S. Steinborn, B. Madea
Institute of Legal Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Stiftsplatz 12, Bonn 53111, Germany
Abstract
Fatal drug concentrations in body fluids and tissue samples are presented for more than 200 drugs and chemicals of
toxicologic interest. Additionally, a reference list is added with more than 600 original papers concerning intoxications with a
lethal outcome. The data can be helpful for the interpretation and plausibility control in own cases of intoxication. However, they
should be used with caution, because use of drug data without sufficient knowledge about the patient or victim, the
circumstances of the case, and about toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics might give a wrong interpretation in a special case.
# 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Drug concentrations; Intoxication; Fatalities; Forensic toxicology
1. Introduction Since these data were usually determined with living persons
and organ-healthy people, they are however only limited
Approximately 400,000 inquiries per year are reaching value for the evaluation of findings raised in bodies. This
German Poisoning Centers and more than 5000 persons die applies also to the extrapolation of taken up quantities as
of an intoxication as the cause of death [363,534]. In well as the concentration at the time of the death. In
postmortem toxicology the interpretation of drug data summary, the proof of an intoxication as cause of death is
requires a good understanding of the pharmacology of the usually made by the quantitative proof of a substance
drugs in question. However, further details of the subject impairment in the appropriate concentration range and the
under question are necessary, i.e. age, general health, knowl- exclusion of competitive causes of death with consideration
edge of the drug-taking history and the circumstances of the of the circumstances of the death (Table 1).
death. Also factors affecting postmortem blood concentra- The aim of the following data collection is to present a
tions of drugs have to be taken into account, such as source of drug concentrations in different body fluids and
chemical instability, action of endogenous enzymes, action tissue samples determined in cases of probably fatal intox-
of bacterial-derived enzymes, drug redistribution and other ication found in the literature (see reference list). The data
processes [148,505]. For the evaluation of quantitative che- can be helpful for the interpretation and plausibility control
mical–toxicological findings in blood and serum samples a in own cases. However, they should be used with caution,
set of tables and data collections is available concerning because use of drug data without sufficient knowledge about
therapeutic, toxic and comatose–lethal concentration ranges the patient or victim, the case, and about pharmacokinetics
of usual medicaments and drugs [466,506,507,535,564,597]. or toxicokinetics and pharmacodynamics might give a
Additionally Baselt and Cravey presented in a single, con- wrong interpretation in a special case.
venient source essential information on the disposition of
chemicals and drugs most frequently encountered in cases of
human poisoning [43]. Further pharmacokinetic and phar- 2. Remarks and list of abbreviations
macodynamic data are of interest such as plasma half-lives,
distribution volumes, plasma protein binding, or pKa values. Beside determined concentrations of various drugs
further information were integrated into the following table.
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: þ49-228-738316; This include the age and sex of patients as well as the
fax: þ49-228-738368. ingestion route and dose, information about the analytical
E-mail address: f.musshoff@uni-bonn.de (F. Musshoff). methods used, and information about the cause of death and
0379-0738/$ – see front matter # 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.017
162
Table 1
Evaluation of quantitative chemical–toxicological findings in blood and serum samples
Vitreous
Age Lay- Time Ingestion Hb. Fb. Urine Stomach Bile Liver Kidney Brain Muscle Analytical Cause of Intoxication
Height Weight D BAC P/M humour Ref.
M/W days of surv. route [mg/l] [mg/l] [mg/l] contents [mg/l] [mg/kg] [mg/kg] [mg/kg] [mg/kg] methode death with:
[mg/l]
Acebutolol Active Metabolite: N-Acetylacebutolol T1/2: 3-11 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 1-2,5/ 1-1,2 Toxic: -
32M 175 cm 80 kg ~3d - p.o. >6g - 33 ( 150 ) unk. 0.22 1330 ( 630 ) 0,66 g - 40 ( 1250 ) 140 ( 250 ) - - 18 ( 29 ) UV OD - 296
18W - - - 10 h p.o. ~24g 0.1 34,7 unk. - 614 - - 55.8 93.2 17.9 6.5 62.6 HPLC-DAD OD B(th) 551
49M - - 39h 15 h p.o. 8g - 149 ( 89,4 ) unk. 1.7 - 755,4 mg - 52 ( 55 ) 128 ( 129 ) - 22.1 24,4 ( 46 ) UV OD - 576
Acepromazine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

43W - - - - p.o. - - 0,6 thoracic blood - - 2,5mg 6.5 3.0 - - 0.4 - GC/NPD OD - 541
Acetaminophen T1/2: 1-3 h Vd: 0,8-1,0 l/kg Therapeutic: (5)/10-25 Toxic: 100-150 / 150
62M - - - - p.o. - - - 160 - 180 300 mg 180 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 480
23W - - - - p.o. 18 g - - 200 - 620 3,3 g - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 480
51W - - - - p.o. - - 290 unk. - 260 - 600 220 - - 220 - UV/SPF OD - 228
55W - - - ~30 h p.o. - - - 387 - - 105 mg 900 385 188 - - - GC/FID OD - 480
Acetonitrile Metabolite: Cyanide T1/2: 32 h Vd: 0,7 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
41M - - - - p.o. - - 160 ( 14,5 ) unk. 11 160 - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 122
53W - 56 kg - - p.o. - - - 770 ( 4,5 ) 171 1010 1,2 g/l - - - - - - GC OD - 251
48M - 62 kg - - p.o. - - - 800 ( 2,4 ) 333 1020 1,36 g/l - - - - - - GC OD - 251
Ajmaline T1/2: 0,2-0,4 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,53-2,21 / 0,2-1+ Toxic: -
12W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 760 mg/kg - 14 - - - - HPLC OD - 206
4W 102 cm 16 kg ~24h 3h p.o. 850 mg - 5.5 - - - 178,2 mg/kg - - - - - - HPLC OD - 236
Alfentanil T1/2: 1-2 h Vd: 0,3-1 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,6 / 0,1-1,2 Toxic: -
28M - - - - i.v. - - 0,031 unk. - - - 0.064 0.78 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 191
Alimemazine T1/2: 8 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,05-0,4 / - Toxic: 0,5 / -
58M - - - - p.o. - - - 6.5 - 6.2 80,2 mg/kg 4.4 18.7 19.1 - 19.9 1.4 HPLC OD - 287
Alprazolam Metabolite: Hydroxyalprazolam T1/2: 6-27 h Vd: 0,9-1,3 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,005-0,05 / 0,025-0,102 Toxic: 0,1-0,4 / -
20M - - - - p.o. - - 0,03 unk. - - 0,2 mg - 0.2 - - - - HPLC MDOD Mt(th) 208
30M - - - - - - - 0,08 unk. - - - - 0.4 - - - - - OD M(th) 164
32W - - - - p.o. - - 0,18 unk. - - - - 0.8 - - - - GC/ECD OD - 164
29M - - - - p.o. - - 0,2 unk. - - 2 mg - 1.0 - - - - HPLC MDOD Pr(to) 208
58M - - - - p.o. - 2 0,21 unk. - - 0.2 mg - 0.4 - - - - HPLC MDOD Et 208
61W - - - - p.o. - - 0,38 unk. - - 3,3 mg - 2.2 - - - - GC/ECD OD A(th) 164
41W - - - - p.o. - - 0,57 unk. - - 0,2 mg - 2.4 - - - - HPLC OD Mr(th) 208
44W - - - - p.o. - - 2.1 - - 1 13 mg 2.8 9,2 ( 0,8 ) 3.8 0.6 - - HPLC OD - 245
Alprenolol T1/2: 2,3 h Vd: 3 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,025-0,14 / - Toxic: 1-2 / -
43W - - - - p.o. - 1.8 40 unk. - - - - 72 - - - - GLC OD - 134
42W - - - ~5 h p.o. - - 43 unk. - - - - 91 - - - - GLC OD - 134
Aluminumphosphid Metabolite: Phosphorus T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
39M - - ~10 d - p.o. - - 1,54 ( 76,3 ) unk. 0.02 - - - 0,075 ( 8,2 ) 0.003 - 0.036 - GC/MS OD B(th) 18
Amantadine T1/2: 7-37 h Vd: 4,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,2-0,6 / 0,06-0,31 Toxic: 1 / 0,5-1
23M - - - - p.o. ~3 g - 48 unk. - - - - - - - - - OD - 94
Amisulpride T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - 0,4 Toxic: -
30M - - - - p.o. - - 41.7unk. - - - - - - - - - HPLC/DAD OD - 554
30M - - - - p.o. - - 41.7 - - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 556
Amitriptyline Metabolite: Nortriptyline T1/2: 8-51 h Vd: 6-10 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,3 / 0,12-0,25 - Toxic: 0,5-0,6 / >0,5
- - - - - p.o. - - 0,4unk. - - - 0.1 0.9 0.1 - - 0.3 HPLC/UV - - 453
45W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 17,2 ( 5,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et,A 34
58M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 17,2 ( 8,6 ) - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
40W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 62,6 ( 6,3 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et,H 34
35W - - - - p.o. - - 0,1 ( 0,03 ) unk. 2.0 - - - 0,2 ( 0,3 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD N,Ba,M 34
64W - - - ~11 h p.o. - - 0,1 ( 0,1 ) unk. 1.0 - - - 1,0 ( 14,1 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD B,Et,Co 34
46M - - - - p.o. - - 0,1 ( 0,2 ) unk. 0.5 - - - 2,7 ( 10,6 ) - - - GLC/FID MDOD B,Co,Et,N,Ah 33
56W - - - 8h p.o. - - 0,2 ( 0,5 ) unk. 0.3 - - - 4,6 ( 37,4 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD B,Et 34
49W - - - ~10 h p.o. - - 0,2 unk. - - - - 6,5 ( 11,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD B,Pr,Pa,Et 34
27W - - - 5h p.o. - - 0,2 unk. - - - - 9,4 ( 2,9 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD Pr,B,N 34
72W - - - ~28 h p.o. - - 0,2 ( 1,0 ) unk. 0.2 - - - 10,8 ( 75,8 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Pr 34
45W - - - ~9 h p.o. - - 0,2 unk. - - - - 12,6 ( 10,1 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD Ag 34
33M - - ~66 h ~46 h p.o. - - 0,3 ( 0,6 ) Plasma 2.3 - - 13,9 ( 8,9 ) 1,7 ( 3,0 ) 2,9 ( 8,2 ) 0,1 ( 0,1 ) 6,4 ( 18,6 ) - GC/NPD OD - 232
69M - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 ( 0,7 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 5,0 ( 15,3 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD MDOD Co 34
60W - - - ~14 h p.o. - - 0,3 ( 0,3 ) unk. 1.1 - - - 10,4 ( 19,1 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et 34
50W - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - 27,1 ( 7,6 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD B,Pr,Mp 34
22M - - - ~10 h p.o. - - 0,4 ( 1,1 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 10,4 ( 27,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
33W - - - - p.o. - - 0,5 ( 1,2 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 7 ( 28 ) - - - - GLC/FID MDOD Ah 33
37W - - - 14 h p.o. - - 0,6 ( 0,03 ) unk. 19.0 - - - 6,9 ( 1,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD B,Et 34
30M 171 cm - - - p.o. - - 0,8 ( 1,1 ) unk. 0.7 2,6 ( 2,2 ) 23 mg/l 8,0 ( 8,0 ) 10,1 ( 26,6 ) 5,0 ( 8,3 ) 6,1 ( 0,6 ) 4,8 ( 5,5 ) - HPLC OD - 550
56W - - - 12 h p.o. - - 0,9 unk. - - - - 39,7 ( 8,5 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Pa,Et,Co 34
33W - - - 60-70 h p.o. 1,2 g - 1,0 ( 2,0 )unk. 0.5 6,0 ( 3,0 ) - - 25,0 ( 26,0 ) - - - - GC OD B(th) 408
45M - - - - p.o. - - 1,0 ( 0,4 ) unk. 2.4 - - - 32,1 ( 56,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Ag 34
41M - - - 16 h p.o. - - 1,0 unk. - - - - 102 - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et 34
32W - 76 kg - - p.o. - - 1.1 - - - 35,7 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
26W - - - ~23 h p.o. - - 1,4 ( 1,0 ) unk. 1.4 - - - 37,6 ( 82,1 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
55W - - - - p.o. - - 1,4 ( 6,5 ) unk. 0.2 - - - 82,7 ( 456,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
38W - - - ~15 h p.o. - - 1,6 ( 0,3 ) unk. 5.5 - - - 55,5 ( 4,4 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
52W - - - - p.o. - - 1,6 unk. - - - - 57,0 ( 4,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et 34
38W - - - - p.o. - - 1,7 ( 0,4 ) unk. 4.3 - - - 31,8 ( 9,8 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD H,N 34
20M 175 cm 73 kg ~12 h - p.o. - - 1,7 ( 0,7 ) unk. 2.4 0,1 ( 0,7 ) 220mg - 36,0 ( 12,0 ) 98,0 ( 37,0 ) - - - HPLC OD - 84
55W - - - - p.o. - - 1,7 ( 1,4 ) unk. 1.2 - - - 36,3 ( 17,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD B 34
34W - - ~24 h - p.o. 3g - 2,7 ( 0,9 ) 1,8 ( 0,6 ) 3 13.6 13,9 mg 42.1 115,1 ( 37,4 ) - 0.8 9.1 HPLC OD - 316
32M - - - - p.o. - - 1,9 ( 1,0 ) unk. 1.9 - - - 222,0 ( 71,7 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et 34
36M - - ~100 h - p.o. 1,6 g - - 2,1 ( 1,9 ) 1.1 11,1 ( 4,3 ) 1649 mg/kg - 43,8 ( 36,2 ) - - - 6,1 ( 2,4 ) HPLC OD - 450
29M 172 cm 74 kg ~25 h - p.o. ~5 g - 12,0 ( 2,9 ) 2,5 ( 0,7 ) 4.1 31,0 ( 5,9 ) 957 mg/kg 48 301,0 ( 14,0 ) 45,0 ( 25,0 ) 0.7 17,0 ( 7,0 ) 8,4 ( 0,8 ) HPLC OD Ag(to) 450
50M - 100 kg - - p.o. - - 2.5 - - - 700 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
43W - 55 kg - - p.o. - - 3 ( 2 ) unk. 1.5 7(7) - - 58 ( 60 ) - - - - UV OD - 396
35M - - - 2-4 h p.o. 2g 1.7 3,0 ( 1,0 ) unk. 3 1,0 ( 1,0 ) - - 163,0 ( 3,0 ) 25,0 ( 6,0 ) - 22,0 ( 5,0 ) - GC OD Et 408
27W - - - ~19 h p.o. - - 3,8 ( 8,6 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 50,1 ( 82,6 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD B,H 34
53M - - - 22 h p.o. - - 3,8 ( 1,1 ) unk. 3.5 - - - 52,9 ( 20,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Et,H 34
56W - - - - p.o. - - 3,9 ( 0,7 ) unk. 5.3 - - - 69,7 ( 4,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
52M - 57 kg - - p.o. - 0.6 4 ( 2 ) unk. 2 - - - 59 ( 31 ) - - - - UV OD - 396
37W - - - 19 h p.o. - - 4,6 ( 4,7 ) unk. 1.0 - - - 127,9 ( 258,2 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD B 34
34M - 56 kg - - p.o. - - 5 - - - 2000 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
48W - 55 kg - - p.o. - - 5 unk. - 20 ( 19 ) - - - - - - - UV OD - 396
25W - - - - p.o. - - 5,1 ( 1,6 ) unk. 3,2 - - - 242,0 ( 41,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Co 34
38W - - - - p.o. - - 5,2 ( 2,9 ) unk. 1.8 - - - 103,1 ( 191,2 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 457
23W - 67 kg - - p.o. - - 6 ( 5 ) unk. 1.2 6 ( 10 ) - - 72 ( 98 ) - - - - UV OD - 396
33W - - - 25 h p.o. - - 6,8 ( 0,8 ) unk. 8.5 - - - 243,0 ( 52,0 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
25W - - - 3h p.o. - - 8,3 ( 1,0 ) unk. 8.3 - - - 146,0 ( 29,3 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD - 34
26W - - - - p.o. - - 8,5 ( 5 ) unk. 1.7 4,1 ( 1,9 ) - - 0,7 ( 10 ) - - - 0,01 ( 0,7 ) GC/NPD OD - 223
38W - - - - p.o. - - 8,7 ( 5,3 ) unk. 1.6 - - - 53 ( 12 ) - - - 2,9 ( 0,8 ) GC/NPD OD Li(to) 223
24M - 70 kg - - p.o. - 0.8 9 ( 9 ) unk. 1 - - - - - - - - UV OD - 290
52W - 76 kg - - p.o. - - 10 - - - 95 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
163
164
Table 1 (Continued )
Vitreous
[mg/l]
26M - - - <8 h p.o. 4,5g - 10,0 ( 3,0 ) unk. 3.3 8,0 ( 2,0 ) - - 340,0 ( 74,0 ) - - - - GC OD - 408
42W - - - - p.o. - - 11,2 ( 0,4 ) unk. 28.0 - - - 178,9 ( 7,3 ) - - - - GLC-FID/NPD OD Pr,Pa,Ba,N 34
35W - 54 kg - - p.o. - - 18 unk. - 28 ( 12 ) - - 66 ( 24 ) - - - - UV OD - 396
38W - 102 kg - - p.o. - - 24 - - - 1160 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
34M - - - <12 h p.o. - 0.8 27,0 ( 6,0 ) unk. 4.5 - - - 145,0 ( 36,0 ) - - - - GC OD - 408
Amlodipine T1/2: 34-50 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,005-0,015 / - Toxic: > 0,088 / -
63W - - - 26h p.o. 70 mg - 0,185 Serum - - - - - - - - - GC MDOD B(to) 298
15W 168 cm 73 kg - 6h p.o. 140 mg - - 2.7 - - 24mg - 15,4 ( Blut ) - - - - HPLC OD Ag(th) 97
Ammonium T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 0,5-1,7 Toxic: -
57M - - - - p.o. - - 33 unk. - - 15,3 mg - - - - - - - OD - 293
Amobarbital T1/2: 15-40 h Vd: 0,9-1,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-5 / 1-5 Toxic: 5-6 / 10-30
- - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - 19 10 8 11 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 28 - - - - - 50 30 26 24 - UV/SPF OD - 610
Amoxapine Metabolite: Hydroxyamoxapine T1/2: 8 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,18-0,6 / 0,017-0,21 Toxic: 3 / -
41M - 95 kg - - p.o. - - 0,9 unk. - - 75,3mg/l 14.3 16.8 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 590
33M - - 3-4 d - p.o. - - 1.5 - - - - - 50 - - 53.2 - GC-NP/FID OD Ah(to) 508
20W - - - - p.o. - 0.4 1,7 unk. - 22 56 mg 75.2 - - - - - GC/FID MDOD A(le) 600
39M - 77 kg ~4 d - p.o. - 1,4 2,8 unk. - - - 69.1 40.1 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 600
61W - - - - p.o. - 3,0 unk. - - - - 23.2 - - - - GC/FID OD 600
41M - - - - p.o. - - 3,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 484
63W - - - - p.o. - - 3,2 unk. - 17.1 941,6 mg/l 423.3 - - - - - GC/MS OD - 285
48W - - - ~3 h p.o. - - 5,7 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 484
23M - - 36 h - p.o. - 1.1 6 - - - 124 mg - 77 - - 52 - GC-NP/FID OD - 508
21W - - - ~1 h p.o. - - 6,7 unk. - 11 - - - - - - - GC, UV, TLC OD - 545
46M - - - - p.o. 2g 0.3 7,2 unk. - - 10 mg 823 36 - - - - GC/FID OD - 600
38W 168 cm 66 kg - ~33 h p.o. 5g - 11,5 unk. - 28.3 134mg 1264.5 112.2 - 0.2 2.5 - GC/NPD OD - 590
53M - - - ~1-2 h p.o. - 3,8 18 unk. - 13 110mg 61 150 - - - - GC, UV, TLC MDOD - 545
Amphetamine T1/2: 7-34 h Vd: 3,2-5,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,1 / 0,03-0,11 Toxic: 0,2 / >0,5
59M - - - 38 h i.v. - - - - - - - - 45 4 - - - GC,UV,TLC OD - 417
18W 164 cm 52 kg 9h - p.o. - - 1.8 1.5 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 104
22M - - ~24h - p.o. - - - 2.4 - 33.4 - - 11.7 3.9 - 5.5 - GC/FID OD - 384
49M - - - - i.v. - - 6,0 unk. - 700 - - 35 - - - - GC,UV,TLC OD - 417
18W - - - - i.v. - - 7,0 unk. - - - - 12 8 - - - GC,UV,TLC OD - 417
22M 181 cm 75 kg - - i.v. - - 7,0 unk. - 242 21 - 12 19 - 3 4 TLC OD - 565
21W 167 cm - - - p.o. - - 11 unk. - - - - 40 - - - - UV/SPF OD - 470
32M - - - - p.o. - - 17 unk. - - 3000 mg/kg - 35 48 - 41 - - MDOD - 224
30M - - - ~3 h i.v. - - 41 unk. - 39 - - 23 - - - - UV/SPF OD - 5
Anileridine T1/2: 1-3 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / <0,5 Toxic: -
32M - - - - p.o. - 1.2 0,5 unk. - 49 0,1 mg/kg - 1.3 - - - 0.1 GC/MS MDOD Ag(to),Et 8
28M 185 cm 78 kg - - p.o. - - - 1.4 - - 3,8 mg - 27 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 520
46M 161 cm 65 kg - - i.v. - 2.1 2 subclavian blood - - - - 4.7 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 520
19W 172 cm 67 kg - ~8 h p.o. - - 2,1 subclavian blood - - 15 mg - 9.3 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 520

Arsenic T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,002-0,07 / 0,02-0,062 Toxic: 0,05-0,25 / 1
33M - - - 4d p.o. - - - - - - - - 30 1.4 - 7.5 - AAS OD - 49
28M - - - 3d p.o. ~8 g - 0,4 unk. - - - - 147 26.6 - 8.3 12.3 AAS OD - 51
25M - 65 kg - 8d p.o. ~8 g - 1,0 unk. - 0.5 1000 mg/l - 35 10 0.1 2.5 6.3 SPF OD - 458
34M 170 cm 73 kg - 48 h p.o. 30 g - 1,9 unk. - - 350 mg - 105 11.4 - 1.9 - AAS OD - 343
7W - - - - p.o. - - - 2.4 - - 700 mg/l - - - - - - AAS OD - 40
38M - - - 5h p.o. 135 g - 41 unk. - - 7700 mg/kg - 154 239 - 63 - SPF OD - 360
Atracurium Metabolite: Laudanosine T1/2: 0,5 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-0,5 / - Toxic: -
45W 167 cm 48 kg - - i.v. - - ( 0,92 ) ( 0,39 ) - ( 0,6 ) ( 0,084 mg/l ) - ( 0,47 ) ( 2,89 ) ( 0,02 ) ( 0,03 ) - GC/MSD OD - 288
Baclofen T1/2: 2,5-4 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,08-0,4 / 0,1-0,6 Toxic: 1 / 1,1-3,5
30M - - - 5d p.o. - - 17 antemortem - 760 - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 173
56M - - - - p.o. - - 106 unk. - 774 - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ag(to) 126
Bamifylline T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - 0,001 Toxic: -
21W - - 5d - p.o. - - - 205 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD 410
Barium T1/2: 3,6 d Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
24M - - - 31 h p.o. - 0.3 - - - - - - 131.9 159.5 - - - AAS OD - 247
24M - - - 14 h p.o. - 1 - - - - - - 141.2 162 - - - AAS OD - 247
59M - - - - p.o. - - 9,9 unk. - - - - 79.5 42.8 - 31.4 - AAS OD - 526
49M - - - - p.o. - - 9,9 unk. - 6.3 10 g/l 8.8 - - - - - AAS OD - 254
39M 168 cm 76 kg ~3 h ~6 h p.o. - - 216 unk. - - 6,7 g/kg 220 3.8 9.1 26 1.6 - - OD - 143
Benzatropine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 0,08-0,126 Toxic: - / 0,048
41M - - - - p.o. - - 0.18 - - 7.1 - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 496
56W 152 cm 46 kg - - p.o. - - - 0.3 - 5.6 - - 8.7 - 0.3 - - GC/MSD OD - 351
Benzene T1/2: 8 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: - / >0
21W 157 cm 59 kg ~15 h - p.o. - - 7 - - 0.1 169 mg/kg - 17 - - 14.8 - GC/FID OD - 215
18M - - - - inhalation - - 20 unk. - 0.6 10 mg/kg 11 16 19 - 39 - - OD - 583
37M - - - ~6 d inhalation - - 30 unk. - 6.5 - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 140
30M - - - <0,5 h dermal - - 30 unk. - - - - 38 - - 62 - GC OD - 25
41M - - 38 h - inhalation - - 31,7 unk. - 2.3 - - 378.6 75.2 - 178.7 - GC/FID OD - 37
39M - - - <0,5 h dermal - - 54 unk. - - - 45 25 - - 63 - GC OD - 25
48M 175 cm 82 kg - - inhalation - - 64 unk. - - - - 270 70 - 86 - - MDOD Me,Ac 584
25M - - - <0,5 h dermal - - 120 unk. - - - - 15 - - 58 - GC OD - 25
Benzonatat T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
1W - - - - p.o. - - 4 unk. - - 184 mg - 30 - - 5 - HPLC OD - 93
18M - - - 1h p.o. - - 35 unk. - - - - - 1.5 - 22 - HPLC OD Ph(th) 93
Benzphetamine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,025-0,5 Toxic: 0,5 / >0,5
16M - - - - p.o. - - 13,9 unk. - 8 53 mg 83 106 37.9 21 30.5 - GC OD - 65
Betaxolol T1/2: 14-22 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,005-0,05 / - Toxic: -
41W - - ~28 h - p.o. - - 36 - - - 62,2 mg - 357.5 224.7 - 89.4 64.4 HPLC-DAD OD - 52
Boron T1/2: 12-27 h Vd: 0,17-0,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,8-6 / 0,8 Toxic: 20-50 / 40
45M - - - 3d dermal - - 381 unk. - - - - 515 562 - 588 - SPF OD - 218
Buflomedil T1/2: 2-4 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,2-0,5 / - Toxic: 15-25 / -
- - - - - - - - 6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 124
- - - - - - - - 60 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 124
19W - - - 2,5 h p.o. 3g - 63,4 unk. - 108 - - 92 27.5 - - - SPF,GC OD - 24
40M - - - - p.o. - 1.3 275 unk. - 861 1425 mg/l - - - - - - HPLC-DAD MDOD Mp(to) 553
Buprenorphine Metabolite: Norbuprenorphine T1/2: 3-5 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,0005-0,005 / 0,014-0,11 Toxic: >0,2
- - - - - - - - 0,0011 ( 0,0002 ) unk. 5.5 0.0091 - 0.58 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B(to) 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0011 ( 0,0016 ) unk. 0.7 0.025 - 47.5 0.03 0.037 - 0.013 - HPLC-MS MDOD B,Et 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0017 ( 0,0016 ) unk. 1.1 0.34 - 0.77 0.004 0.0081 - 0.0091 - HPLC-MS MDOD B 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0025 ( 0,0023 ) unk. 1.1 0.015 - 69.2 0.055 0.017 - 0.0071 - HPLC-MS MDOD B 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0031 ( 0,0062 ) unk. 0.5 0.062 - 0.8 - - - - - HPLC-MS OD - 557
165
Table 1 (Continued ) 166
Vitreous
[mg/l]
- - - - - - - - 0,0034 unk. - 0.24 - 72.7 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD Pr(to) 557

- - - - - - - - 0,0042 ( 0,0019 ) unk. 2.2 0.032 - 10.6 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0045 ( 0,0012 ) unk. 3.8 - - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B(to),Et 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0047 ( 0,002 ) unk. 2.4 0.3 - 1.7 0.035 0.016 - 0.017 - HPLC-MS MDOD B(to) 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0049 ( 0,0066 ) unk. 0.7 - - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD A 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0054 ( 0,0002 ) unk. 27 1.03 - 19.4 0.054 0.015 - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0055 ( 0,0002 ) unk. 27.5 0.15 - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B(to) 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0077 ( 0,0005 ) unk. 15.4 - - 40.1 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD N(to) 557
- - - - - - - - 0,009 ( 0,0012 ) unk. 7.5 - - 1.5 0.12 - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B,Et 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0126 ( 0,0021 ) unk. 6 - - - 0.075 0.015 - 0.076 - HPLC-MS MDOD B,Et 557
- - - - - - - - 0,013 ( 0,004 ) unk. 3.3 0.004 - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B,M 557
- - - - - - - - 0,0177 ( 0,0016 ) unk. 11.1 0.031 - 30 0.28 0.14 - 0.15 - HPLC-MS MDOD B(to) 557
- - - - - - - 1.2 0,018 ( 0,0005 ) unk. 36 0.026 - 15.2 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD B 557
- - - - - - - - 0,019 ( 0,0126 ) unk. 1.5 0.14 - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD N(to),Et 557
- - - - - - - - 0,029 unk. - - - - - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD M 557
25M - - - - p.o. - - 3,3 ( 0,4 ) unk. 8.3 3,4 ( 0,6 ) 900 mg/l 2035 ( 536 ) - - - 6.4 - LC-ES-MS OD B(to) 187
Bupropion Metabolite: Threoamino alkohol met. T1/2: 4-24 h Vd: 40 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,1 / 0,025-0,1 Toxic: 1,2
18W - - - - p.o. - - - 0,2 ( 3,3 ) 0.1 - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ah(to) 174
37M - - - - p.o. <10 g - - 4,0 ( 11,6 ) 0.3 - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ca(th),N(to) 174
60W - - - - p.o. 3,75 g - - 4,2 ( 11,5 ) 0.4 - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 174
38W - - - - p.o. - 2.7 4,2 ( 4,6 ) - 0.9 37 16 mg 1.4 1 2.4 - - - GC/NPD MDOD Et 461
40W - - - - p.o. - - 20,8 ( 17,8 ) 11 1.2 - 1582 mg - 13,8 ( 236,7 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 488
Butriptyline T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,07-0,15 + Toxic: 0,4-0,5
16W - - - - p.o. - - 14.9 - - 3 - - - - 0.5 - - GC/NPD OD Pa(th),Ag(th) 233
Cadmium T1/2: 16 y Vd: ? Therapeutic: -0,0065 / 0,0005-0,004 Toxic: 0,015-0,05 / 0,05
23M - - - 7d p.o. - - 1,1 antemortem - - - 1.9 80.2 79.9 - 0.5 - AAS OD - 598
Caffeine T1/2: 2,3-12 h Vd: 0,4-0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 4-10 / 2-10 Toxic: 15-20 / -
27W - - - - p.o. - 0.37 - - - - 1507 mg/l - 329 129.6 - 74.7 - UV/SPF OD - 10
34W - - - - p.o. - - 106 unk. - - 43 mg - 116 124 - 108 - UV/SPF OD Ba(th) 562
42W - - - - p.o. - 0.3 113,5 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 68
19W - - - - p.o. - - 129,9 unk. - - 2,8 mg - 57.8 - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ep(to) 185
21M - - - ~3h p.o. - - 147 unk. - 43.2 42,6 mg 64.3 199.9 172 - 94.5 - GC/MS MDOD Ep(to-le) 185
5W - 16 kg ~10 h ~7 h p.o. ~5 g - 158,5 unk. - 114 2,3 g - 198 230 - - - GC/MS OD - 136
20W - - - - p.o. - 1 182 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF MDOD Ep(to),Ba(th) 211
23M - - - - p.o. - 1.1 184,1 unk. - 136.7 5,2 mg 200.2 - - 99.8 - - GC/MS OD - 185
21W - - - - p.o. - 1.7 240 unk. - 52.5 177 mg 162 296 212 - 188 - HPLC OD - 591
21W - - - - p.o. - 1 251 unk. - 129.7 611,6 mg 312 - - 146.5 - - GC/MS OD - 185
44W - - - - p.o. - 1 264 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF MDOD Ep(to) 211
21M - - - - p.o. - - 343,9 unk. - 21.2 276,6 mg 263.2 670.4 351.9 95.9 - - GC/MS MDOD Ep(le) 185
Captopril T1/2: 1-2 h Vd: 0,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,5 / 0,5-1,3 Toxic: 5-6 / -
75M - - - - p.o. 1125mg - 60,4 Plasma - - 23,4 mg/l - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 421
Carbamazepine Metabolite: Carbamazepine-epoxid T1/2: 18-65 h Vd: 0,8-1,8 l/kg Therapeutic: 2-8 / 1,4-12 Toxic: 10 / >15
19W - - ~11h - p.o. - - 53 unk. - - ~9,6g - - - - - - Immunoassay MDOD Phenytoin 531
34M - - - ~4d p.o. - - 8.6 54,0 antem. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 163

26M - - - 25h p.o. 60g 30,6 ( 8,4 ) Serum 3.6 - - - 123 72 - 81 - HPLC OD - 130
19W - - 9h 11 h p.o. - - - 53 - - - - - - - - - FPI OD Ph(th),Vs(th) 524
19M - - - - p.o. - - 79 ( 11 ) unk. 7.2 6.5 280 mg 69 75 41 - - - HPLC MDOD A(to),Eg(le) 71
Carbofuran T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
41W - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 11
27W - - - - p.o. - - 4 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 11
36M - - - - p.o. - - 17 8 - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 434
27W - - - - p.o. - - 10 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 11
24M - - - - p.o. - - 11,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 11
Carbromal T1/2: 7-15 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 2-10 / 6 Toxic: 15-20 / 400-1250
23M - 60 kg - ~110h p.o. - - 920 Serum - 440 - 85 111 80 - 50 - SPF OD - 202
Carisoprodol Metabolite: Meprobamate T1/2: 8 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 10-30 / 10-40 Toxic: 40 / 30-50
36W - - ~24h - p.o. - - 14 ( 18,9 ) 6,5 ( 20,5 ) 0.7 - - - - - 8,7 ( 50,2 ) - - GC/MS MDOD Hm(le) 32
34M - - ~24h - p.o. - - 8,1 ( 20,9 ) 7,9 ( 34,3 ) 0.4 - - - - - 8,1 ( 102,6 ) - - GC/MS MDOD Pr(to) 32
43W - - ~24h - p.o. - - 39,4 ( 40,1 ) 39,3 ( 51,9 ) 1.0 12,6 ( 61,0 ) - - - - 18,9 ( 45,9 ) - - GC/MS OD - 32
W - - - - p.o. - - 110 unk. - 165 350 mg/l 64 127 110 - - - GC/FID OD - 352
Carpipramine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
M - - - - p.o. - 1.1 2 unk. - 0.4 - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 171
Chinidine T1/2: 5-12 h Vd: 1,8-3,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-5 / 1-6 Toxic: 6-10 / 10
19W - - - - p.o. - - 16,8 unk. - - 4,85 mg - 199 61 - 15.7 - GLC OD Hm(th) 459
Chinine T1/2: 3-15 h Vd: 1,8-3,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-7 / 1,7-9,7 Toxic: 10 / >10
18W - 51 kg - 24 h p.o. 6g - 6 unk. - - - - 52 72 - - - - OD - 101
23W 173 cm 91 kg - 4h p.o. 20 g - 12 unk. - - - - 185 224 - 63 - GC OD - 585
Chloralhydrate Metabolite: Trichloroethanol (T1/2: 6-10 h) T1/2: 4 min. Vd: 0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 1,5-15 / 2-12 Toxic: 40-50 / 100
32W 160 cm 46 kg ~1 d - p.o. - - 1 ( 32,6 ) unk. - - 1,1 mg/g - - ( 34,1 ) - - - GC/ECD OD B(th) 383
27M - - - - p.o. - - 1700 unk. - 160 160 mg - 1700 1200 - - - GC/ECD OD - 324
Chlordiazepoxide T1/2: 6-27 h Vd: 0,3-0,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,4-3 / 0,67-3,1 Toxic: 3,5-10 / 5
31M - - - - p.o. - 3.5 2,0 Plasma - - 7 mg/l - - - - - - GLC MDOD Et 460
24M - - - - p.o. - 1.9 7,7 Plasma - 2.2 239 mg/l - - - - - - GLC OD - 460
Chlormezanone T1/2: 30-53 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 5-9 / 2,5-8,8 Toxic: 20 / -
24W - - - - p.o. - - - 53 - 31 - - 88 - - 109 - TLC OD B(th) 303
Chloroform T1/2: 1,5 h Vd: 2,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 20-50+ / 20-500 Toxic: 70-250
29M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 539,6 mg/l - 123.1 124.1 - 133.3 - GC/FID OD - 372
52M - - - - inhalation - - 30 unk. - - - - 16.2 - - 50.4 - GC/FID OD - 193
39W 151 cm 41 kg ~10 h - inhalation - - 32.5 - - - 16,2 mg/l - 88.3 35.3 - 124 13.3 GC/MS OD - 214
52M - - - - inhalation - - 40 unk. - - - - 86.2 - - 156 - GC/FID OD - 193
28M - - 4d - inhalation - - 47 unk. - 2 9 mg/l - 188 144 - 74 - GC/FID OD - 381
17M - - - - p.o. - - 194 51 - 2.4 7130 mg/l 51 201 60 - 113 16 GC/FID OD - 234
30M - - - - inhalation - - 60 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MSD OD - 272
54W - - - - inhalation - 0.1 - 120 - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 9
23W - - - - inhalation - - 131 - - - 7,1 mg/l 15.7 63.7 65.4 - 54.5 - GC/FID OD - 372
52M - - - - p.o. - - 180 unk. - - - - 298 - - - - - OD - 300
33M - - - - inhalation - 0.2 272 - - 5 63 mg/kg - 178 58 - 113 - GC//MSD OD - 401
52M 184 cm 92 kg - - inhalation - 0.8 280 - - 1.4 21 mg/l 800 250 - 770 - MHE-GC OD - 567
Chloroquine T1/2: 3-14 d Vd: 116-285 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,5 / 0,02-0,4 Toxic: 1 / -
36M - - - ~5h p.o. ~1,5g - 60 unk. - 140 - - 75 Liv. and Kid. - - - -
GC/ECD OD - 437
53W - - - - p.o. - 1.17 57 unk. - 24 - - 10 Liv. and Kid. - - - -
GC/ECD OD - 437
33W - - - - p.o. - - 164 unk. - - - 140 Liv. and Kid. - - - -
GC/ECD OD - 437
200
38M - - - 7d p.o. - - - -
GC/ECD -
- - 1,5 unk. - - 3 Liv. and Kid. - - OD 437
21W - - - 12h p.o. - - - - - - 300 mg/l - 280 180 - 11 - SPF OD - 235
30M - - - - p.o. - - 2,7 unk. - - - - 180 - - - - - MDOD Ba(to) 131
20M - - - - p.o. - - 3 unk. - - - - 200 60 - 25 - - OD - 131
26W - - 17h 4h p.o. 2g 2.0 4,2 unk. - - 193 mg/l - 71 32.9 - - - SPF OD - 405
26W - - 20h 17h p.o. 8g - 10,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 405
24W - - - 5h p.o. - - 12,4 unk. - 68.4 552 mg/kg - 344 300 - - - UV/SPF OD - 477
167
Vitreous
[mg/l]
26M - - - - p.o. - - 15 unk. - - 30 mg/kg - 74 29 - 14 - - OD - 131

33W - - - 24 h p.o. - - 16 unk. - 20 18 mg/kg - 175 70 - 16 - UV/SPF OD - 477
27M - - 2d - p.o. 34g 0.4 440.2 16.7 - 516 ~20 g 8410 1110 1690 - 100 - HPLC OD - 274
13M - 54 kg - ~100h p.o. - - 17.7 - - - - - 63.9 - - - 10.4 GC/FID OD - 354
20M - - - 2-3 h p.o. - - 19,3 unk. - - 2,6 g/kg - 840 - - - - - OD - 131
27M - - - - p.o. - 0.2 20 unk. - - 80 mg - 430 - - 81 132 SPF OD - 295
12M - - - 2h p.o. ~6g - 24 unk. - - 870 mg/l - 230 160 - 42 - SPF OD - 235
27M - - - 1h p.o. - - 24,1 unk. - - 956 mg/kg - 420 - - 9.9 - - OD - 131
40M - - - - p.o. - - 31 unk. - - - - - 160 - 24 - SPF OD - 235
15W - - - ~6h p.o. - - 33 unk. - 367 - - 169 110 - - - GC/FID OD - 574
14W 137 cm 42 kg - ~9h p.o. 7,5g - 35 Plasma - - - - 16 24 - 40 15 GC/MS OD - 395
53W 162 cm 56 kg 4d - p.o. - - 35 unk. - 53 20 mg/l - 175 182 - 16 43 GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 353
29W - - - - p.o. - - - 45 - - 590 mg/l - 125 - - - - GLC OD - 502
39M - - - 1,5h p.o. ~14g - 51 unk. - - 1400 mg/l - 140 30 - 1 - SPF OD - 235
53W - - - - p.o. - 1.2 57 unk. - 24 120 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 398
36M - - - - p.o. - - 60 unk. - 140 185 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 398
21M - - - 4d p.o. - - 65 unk. - - 52 mg/kg - 230 240 - 25 - - OD - 131
25W - - 3d - p.o. - - - 66 - - 9700 mg/l - 51 864 - - - GLC OD - 502
4M - - - 1-2 h p.o. - - 103 unk. - - - - 26 55 - - - - OD - 131
25M - - - 5h p.o. - - 125 unk. - - 3 g/kg - 1307 1314 - 88 - - OD - 131
2W - - - 6h p.o. - - 160 unk. - - 29 mg/kg - 165 - - - - - OD - 131
33W - - - - p.o. - - 164 unk. - 200 - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 398
22M - - - - p.o. - - 460 unk. - - - - 500 38 - 38 - - OD - 131
Chlorpromazine T1/2: 7-119 h Vd: 10-35 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,1 / 0,01-0,5 Toxic: 1-2 / 1-2
30M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 61 33 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
30W - - - - p.o. - 0.8 - - - - - - 90 - - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
27M - - - - p.o. - - - - - 230 - - 93 320 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
41M - - - - p.o. - - - - - 85 - - 140 - - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
27W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 180 - - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
23M - - - - p.o. - - 3,0 unk. - 100 - - 200 - - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
45M - - - - p.o. - - - 3.6 - - 373 mg/kg 23.3 66.5 17.9 - 5.3 12.5 GC/MS OD - 189
23W - - - 24h p.o. - - 4,2 unk. - 62 - - 240 134 - 126 - GC OD - 99
43M - - - - p.o. - - 6,7 unk. - 78 - - 280 162 - 148 - GC OD - 99
38W - - - - p.o. - - 7 unk. - - - - 270 - - - - - MDOD N(to) 256
73M - - - - p.o. - - 14,0 unk. - - - - 54 4 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
28W - - - - p.o. - - 35,0 unk. - 750 - - 2110 740 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
Chlorprothixene Metabolite: Chlorprothixene-sulfoxid T1/2: 8-12 h Vd: 11-23 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,2 / 0,04-0,3 Toxic: 0,4 / 0,4-0,8
42M - 105 kg - - p.o. ~4 g - 0,1 ( 0,6 ) unk. 0.2 0,4 ( 3,4 ) 340 mg 3,9 ( 7,0 ) - - - - - SPF OD - 443
Citalopram Metabolite: Desmethylcitalopram T1/2: 33 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,01-0,2 / 0,08-0,16 Toxic: -
33W - - - - p.o. ~2 g - - 5,2 ( 1,4 ) 3.7 - - - - - - - - - OD - 195
53W - - - - p.o. 840 mg - - 6,1 ( 0,4 ) 15 - - - - - - - - - OD B(th) 195
48W - - - - p.o. - - - 8,7 ( 1,0 ) 8.7 - - - - - - - - - OD B(th),H(th) 195
30W - - - - p.o. - 1.1 - 11 ( 0,3 ) 37 - - - - - - - - - OD - 195
56M - - - - p.o. ~3,9 g - - 16 ( 0,5 ) 32 - - - - - - - - - OD - 195

23M - - - - p.o. ~3,9 g 0.1 - 49 - - - - - - - - - - OD B(th) 195
Clomethiazole T1/2: 3-5 h Vd: 15 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,7-2 / - Toxic: 4-15 / -
37W - - - - p.o. - - - 3.4 - - 79 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 481
52M - - - - p.o. - 0.9 10 unk. - 28 - - 100 - - - - - OD - 231
47M - - - - p.o. - 2.2 18 unk. - 10 - - 62 - - - - - OD - 231
48W - - - - p.o. - - 20 unk. - 20 - - 60 - - - - - OD - 231
59W - - - - p.o. - - - 21 - 5 259 mg 38 21 - - - - GC/NPD OD Ag(th) 481
40M - - - - p.o. - 0.6 - 32 - 7 79 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 481
45M - - - - p.o. - - 40 unk. - 65 - - 62 - - - - - OD - 231
37M - - - - p.o. - - - 50 - - 4,2 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 481
60M - - - - p.o. - - 60 unk. - 80 - - 190 - - - - - OD - 231
36W - - - - p.o. - - - 75 - 38 6 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 481
43W - - - - p.o. - - 112 unk. - 62 - - 142 78 134 - - UV/SPF OD - 414
40M - - - >20 h p.o. - - - 214 - 114 857 mg 143 100 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 481
41M - - - - p.o. - 1.7 220 unk. - - 3,3 g - 440 - - - - GC MDOD Et 297
Clomipramine Metabolite: N-Desmethylclomipramine T1/2: 12-36 h Vd: 17 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,09-0,25 / 0,1-0,45 Toxic: 0,4-0,6 / -
25M - 72 kg - - i.v. - - - 0.2 - - - - 7 - - - - HPLC MDOD M(to),B(to) 373
57W - - - - p.o. - - 0,5 ( 0,6 ) unk. 0.9 0,4 ( 0,7 ) - - - - - - - GC OD Ag(th) 377
23M - 65 kg - 3d p.o. - - 0,7 antemortem - - - - 15 - - - - HPLC MDOD A(le),H(th) 373
51W - - ~24 h - p.o. - 3.8 0,8 ( 1,4 ) - 0.6 0,6 ( 0,6 ) - - - - - - - HPLC MDOD B(to) 169
29M - 87 kg - - p.o. ~3 g 0.6 - 1.8 - - 290mg - 320 - - - - HPLC MDOD B(to) 373
41W - 77 kg >2 d - p.o. - - - 3.3 - - - - 280 - - - - HPLC OD Pm(to) 373
Clopenthixol T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,002-0,015 / - Toxic: 0,05-0,1 / -
16W - - - 40 h p.o. - - 0.4 - - 1 105.4 - 0.8 1.4 - 0.1 - HPLC-DAD OD N(th) 555
Clozapine Metabolite: Norclozapine T1/2: 4,5-7,5 h Vd: 5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,3-0,6 / 0,1-0,77 Toxic: 0,6-1 / -
29M - - - - p.o. - 0.5 21,2 ( 0,5 ) 1,7 ( n.d. ) 42 - - - 153 ( 11,2 ) 115 ( n.d. ) - - 12,3 ( 0,7 ) HPLC MDOD N(to) 180
31M - - 28 h 6h p.o. - - 2.2 - - - 4,16 mg - 13.7 3.3 - - - GC-NPD MDOD A(to),Pm(th) 492
25M - 105 kg 8h ~6 h p.o. ~2 g - 5.8 - - 11.3 6,5 mg - 42.9 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 379
37M - - - - p.o. - - - 6,5 ( 4,9 ) 1.3 - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 199
15W - - - 4h p.o. - - 12 ( 1,5 ) 8,8 ( 0,5 ) 8 - 2420 ( 172 ) 1844 ( 75 ) - - 1,3 ( n. d. ) - - GC/NPD OD - 267
29M - - - - p.o. - - 9,5 ( 0,5 ) - 17.9 - 602 ( - ) - 33 ( 1,9 ) 48,3 ( 1,4 ) - 18,8 ( 0,6 ) 1(-) HPLC-DAD OD B 540
27W - - - ~11 h p.o. - - 13 ( 3,1 ) - 4.2 - - - 85 ( 50 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 599
Cocaine Metabolite: Benzoylecgonine T1/2: 0,7-1,5 h Vd: 1,6-2,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,3 / 0,05-0,93 Toxic: 0,5-1 / 0,9
W - - - - p.o. - - 104 unk. - - 343g - - - - - - HPLC OD - 424
26W - - - - nasal - - 330 - 215 - 25 - - 13 - - GC/MS OD - 429
26M - - - - p.o. - - 7,2 unk. - - 135g - - - - - - OD - 578
GC/NPD
32M - - - - p.o. - - 6,6 unk. - - 460g - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 578
16W - 54 kg - ~8h i.v. - - - - - - - - 0.1 - - 0.4 - GC OD - 350
1/6M 56 cm 5 kg - - p.o. - - 0,026 ( 0,073 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 0.024 - - 0.019 - GC/MS OD - 112
1/5W 56 cm 4 kg - - p.o. - - 0,094 ( 0,029 ) unk. 3.2 - - - 0.122 - - 0.04 - GC/MS OD - 112
30M - - - - p.o. - - 0,21 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
45M - - 24h - - - - 3,5 ( 7,5 ) 1,1 ( 6,2 ) ~0,3 - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 222
26W - - - - i.v. - - 1,1 unk. - - - 3.5 0.4 3.8 1.4 - - GC/FID OD - 132
19M - - - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - - 44 mg - 1.9 - - - - - OD - 237
19W - - - - - - - 4,12 ( 9,03 ) 1,41 ( 7,45 ) ~0,3 - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Pa(to),Ah(to) 222
29W - - - - p.o. - - 1,6 unk. - 21.7 - 2 6.5 - - 4.3 - GC/NPD OD - 48
30M 180 cm 92 kg - - i.v. - - 1,8 unk. - 39 - 10 1.6 26 2.4 4 6.1 GC/NPD OD - 446
42M - - - - rectal - - 2,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
47W - - - - vaginal - - 2,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
33M - - - - i.v. - 0.2 2,4 unk. - 30.8 - - - - - - - - OD - 530
29M - - - - p.o. - - 3,0 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
45M - - - - p.o. - - 3,0 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579

41M - - - - i.v. - 0.2 3,0 unk. - 70 53 mg/kg - 1 - - - - GC OD - 290
24W - - - - nasal - 1.8 6,34 ( 3,24 ) 3,13 ( 2,14 ) ~1,7 - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 222
169
170
Vitreous
[mg/l]
19M - - - - i.v. - - 3,7 unk. - 55.8 - 37.3 6.8 10.2 2.1 - - GC/FID OD - 132
22M - - - - - - - - 3,9 ( 8,1 ) 0.5 - - - - - 3,5 ( 1,7 ) - - GC/MS OD - 222
39M 178 cm 77 kg - - i.v. - - 3,9 unk. - 27 - 8.2 15 34 - 6.4 - GC/NPD OD M(to),B(th) 446
34W - - - - i.v. - 0.6 4,0 ( 15,9 ) unk. 0.3 - - - - - - - - - OD - 530
21W - 59 kg - - nasal - 0.5 4,0 unk. - - - - 1 - - 15 - GC MDOD Li 350
36M - - - - p.o. - - 4,4 unk. - - 52 mg - 33 - - - - - OD - 237
27W - - - - p.o. - - 4,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 237
21W - - - - i.v. - - 5,0 unk. - 4 - 1.5 - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Li(th) 48
17W - - ~7h - - - 0.1 5,21 ( 6,25 ) - 0.8 - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 222
25M - - - - i.v. - 0.1 5,8 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 530

32M - - - - p.o. - - 6,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
39M 195 cm 169 kg - - inhalation - - 6,9 unk. - 41 - 18 17 26 - 24 - GC/NPD OD - 446
26M - - - - p.o. - - 7,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - TLC OD - 579
28W - 56 kg - - i.v. - - 7,5 unk. - - - - 1.3 16.8 3.8 - - GC OD - 350
28W - - - - i.v. - - 7,5 unk. - - - - 1.3 16.8 3.8 - - GC/FID OD - 132
33M - - - - i.v. - - 8,2 unk. - - - - 1.5 27 - - - GC OD - 350
22M - - - - p.o. - - 9,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579
18M - - - - p.o. - - 11,0 unk. - - 50 mg - - - - - - - OD - 237
20W 169 cm 55 kg - - inhalation - - 13,0 unk. - - - 25 10 53 14 83 30 GC/NPD OD B(to) 446
1W 69 cm 10 kg - ~3 h p.o. - - 17.7 - - - 7,3 mg - 11.6 - - 29.6 - GC/MS OD - 220
32W - 47 kg - - nasal - - 21 unk. - 215 - - 20 - - - - GC MDOD M 350
23M - - - - p.o. - - 24,0 unk. - - 1100 mg - 93 - - - - - OD - 237
32M - - - - p.o. - - 26 ( 33,6 ) unk. 0.77 402 167 mg/kg - - - - 74 - - OD - 224
52M - - - - i.v. - - 31,0 unk. - 270 - - 6.5 58 - 59 48 GC/NPD OD - 446
32W - - - - p.o. - 0.9 51,7 unk. - - 6.6 g/kg 46.8 51.3 28.2 - 40.4 - GC/NPD OD - 593
W - - ~40 h - p.o. - - - 104 - - ~340 g - - - - - - HPLC OD M(th) 383
M - - - - p.o. - - 107 ( 19,7 ) unk. 5.4 6.3 - - - - - 8.4 - - OD - 224
27M 165 cm 63 kg - - p.o. ~13 g 0.5 211 - - 15 37 g/kg - 20 - 0.8 - - GC/NPD OD - 12
26W - - - - nasal - - 330 ( 50 ) - 6.6 215 ( 250 ) - 25 ( 14 ) - - 13 ( 4,2 ) - - GC/MS OD - 430
Codeine T1/2: 1,9-3,9 h Vd: 3,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,25 / 0,03-0,34 Toxic: 0,5-1 / -
23W - - - - p.o. - 1.9 - 15 - 155 150 mg/l - 13 - - - - GLC OD - 427
49W - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - - 8 mg 60 15 29 - 4.6 - GC/FID OD - 426
19W 168 cm - - - p.o. - 1.3 22,1 unk. - 6.2 281 mg/l 9.2 41.7 32.9 - 11.4 - GC/ITD OD - 281
24M - - - - p.o. - 1.4 - 48 - 370 150 mg/l - 128 - - - - GLC OD - 427
Colchicine T1/2: 9-20 h Vd: 10-12 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,0003-0,0025 / 0,0003-0,03 Toxic: 0,005 / -
73M - 56 kg - 18 h i.v./p.o. - - 0.05 - - - - 12 0.58 - - - - HPLC OD M(th),Hm(th) 252
39W - - - 40 h p.o. 20 mg - 0,25 antemortem - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 75
Copper T1/2: 26 d Vd: 2,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,6-1,5 / 1-1,5 Toxic: 2 / 5,4
40M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 2340 mg/kg - 102.3 30.8 - 11.2 - SPF OD - 203
72M - - - ~1 d p.o. - - 2,5 unk. - - 630 mg/kg - 80 52 - 2 - AAS OD - 612
54M - - - - p.o. - - 23,5 unk. - - 1111 mg/kg - 57.5 61.2 - 9.6 - SPF OD - 203
30W - - - ~48 h p.o. - 0.7 42 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 315
11W - 34 kg - 2h p.o. - - 66 unk. - - 226 mg - - - - - - AAS OD - 205
Cyanide T1/2: 0,7-2,1 h Vd: 0,4 l/kg Therapeutic: - / 0,004-0,041 Toxic: 0,5 / -
30M - - ~24 h - p.o. - - 2,4 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 160
29W - - - 4d p.o. - - 3,0 antemortem - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 400
1M - 12 kg - - p.o. - - 3,1 unk. - - - - - - - 0.2 - - OD - 76
39M - - ~18 h - p.o. - - 3,8 unk. - - 84,2 mg/kg - 1.1 2.8 - 0.9 - GC/ECD OD - 604
71M - - - - p.o. - - 6,1 unk. - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 400
71W - - - - p.o. - - 8,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 400
30W - - ~24 h - p.o. - - 10 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 160
27W - - - <1 h p.o. - - - 15 - - - - - - - - - - OD - 419
50W - - - - p.o. - - 21 unk. - - 105 mg - 14 - - 1 - ISE OD - 293
30M - - 25 h - p.o. - - 28 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 90
36M - - - <1 h p.o. - - - 30 - - - - - - - - - - OD - 419
52M - - - <1 h p.o. - - - 40 - - - - - - - - - - OD - 419
70W - - - ~2 h p.o. - - 42,5 unk. - - 1,2 g/l - - - - 2.5 - SPF OD H(th) 400
38M - - 3d - p.o. - 1.0 80,9 unk. - - 1,26 g/l 21.3 17.6 0.89 - 4.8 - SPF OD - 400
39M - - ~24 h 0,5 h p.o. - - 750 unk. - - 471 g/l - - - - 150 - - OD - 160
19M - - 1h 0,5 h p.o. - - 21700 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 160
Cyclizine T1/2: 7-24 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-0,25 / 0,03-0,3 Toxic: 0,75-1 / 0,76
2W - - - ~5d p.o. 800 mg - - - - - - - 37 - - 3 - GC OD - 44
17W - - - - p.o. - - 80 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 31

Desipramine T1/2: 12-54 h Vd: 22-59 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,5 / 0,05-0,68 Toxic: 0,5-1 / >0,5
57W - - - - p.o. - - 2,7 unk. - - - - 37.6 - - - - GLC/FID OD Et 33
19M 185 cm 86 kg ~12 h - p.o. - - 14,2 unk. - 33.7 180mg - 112.5 - - - - HPLC OD - 84
9moM - - - - p.o. - - 16,8 unk. - - - - 294.3 - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
22W - - - - p.o. - - 35 unk. - 34 - - 32 - - - 20 GC/NPD OD Li(to) 223
Dextromethorphan Metabolite: Dextrorphan T1/2: 3,2-3,6 h Vd: 255-316 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,04 / 0,38 Toxic: 0,1 / -
27M - - - - p.o. - - - 3,3 ( 1,5 ) 2.2 - - - 230 ( 29,2 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 462
22W 160 cm - - - p.o. - - 5,1 ( 1,4 ) unk. 3.6 3.3 - 3.5 10,7 ( 4,8 ) 4.3 - 3.5 - GC/MS MDOD Ah(to) 284
18W - - 6d - p.o. - - - 9,2 ( 2,9 ) 3.2 - - - 31,2 ( 11,5 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 462
22W - - - - p.o. - - 18,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 284
Dextromoramide T1/2: 1,5-4,7 h Vd: 2,6 l/kg Therapeutic:0,075-0,15 / 0,075-5+ Toxic: 0,2 / -
27M - - - - i.v. - - 0,87 unk. - 0.1 0,06 mg/l 0.05 - 0.25 - 0.03 - GC/NPD OD - 279
33W - - - - i.v. - - 0,98 unk. - - 0,05 mg/l 0.2 - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 279
31W 170 cm - - - i.v. - - 1,5 unk. - - - 0.5 0.4 0.1 - 0.07 - GC/NPD OD - 278
Dextropropoxyphene Metabolite: Norpropoxyphene T1/2: 8-24 h Vd: 12-26 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,3 / 0,23-1,07 Toxic: 1 / 0,3-0,6
22W - - - - i.v. - - - - - - 6 mg/kg - 9.6 - - - 2.7 GLC MDOD M(to),Mt(to) 87
22M - - - - p.o. 1,6g 1.0 - - - 8.3 - - 16 - - - 1.7 GLC OD Et 87
- - - - - p.o. - 0.7 - - - - - - 18 - - - - GC/FID MDOD Ba(to) 409
49M - - - - p.o. 1,5g 2.0 - - - - - - 95 - - - 8.1 GLC OD Et 87
47M - - - - p.o. 6,5 g 0.8 - - - - 44 mg - 109 - - - - GC OD - 108
20W - - - - p.o. 1,4 g - - - - - 12,9 mg - 120 - - - - GC OD Ba(th) 108
55W - - - - p.o. 8,4g 1.2 - - - 8.2 - - 136 - - - 5.9 GLC OD Et 87
81W - 52 kg - - p.o. - - 0,4 ( 0,8 ) unk. 0.5 - - - 8 ( 16,6 ) - - - - GC OD - 41
31M - - - - p.o. 0,7g 2.4 0,4 ( 0,3 ) unk. 1.3 2.9 25 mg/kg - 33 - - - 3.8 GLC OD Et 87
46W - - - - p.o. 1,5g - 0,4 ( 0,7 ) unk. 0.6 2.6 - - 87 - - - - GLC OD - 87
53W - - - - p.o. - 2.7 0,6 unk. - 1.6 - - 67 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
39M - - - - p.o. - 1.6 0,6 ( 1,1 ) unk. 0.5 4.8 - - 89 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
75M - - - - p.o. 12,0g 0.4 0,6 ( 2,1 ) unk. 0.3 7.2 - - 116 - - - 0.7 GLC OD Et 87
27M - - - - p.o. 3,8g 0.9 0,8 ( 1,6 ) unk. 0.5 6.8 - - 8 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
48M - - - - p.o. - 1.3 0,9 ( 2,3 ) unk. 0.4 9 - - 24 - - - 2.9 GLC OD Et 87
65M - - - - p.o. - 2.2 0,9 ( 0,9 ) unk. 1 - - - 40 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
171
Vitreous
[mg/l]
- - - - - p.o. - 1 1,0 ( n.d. ) unk. - 29 - - 42 - - - - GC/FID MDOD N(to),Ag(th) 409

53W - - - - p.o. - 1.7 1,1 unk. - - - - 12 - - - - GC OD - 349
33M - - - - p.o. 900 mg 1.2 1,1 unk. - - - - 26 - - - - GC OD - 349
50M - - - - p.o. - - 1,1 ( 0,9 ) unk. 1.2 - - - 37 - - - 1.8 GLC OD - 87
64M - - - - p.o. 4,4g 2.8 1,3 ( 0,9 ) unk. 1.4 1.5 - - 138 - - - 1.2 GLC OD Et 87
68M - - - - p.o. 5,5g - 1,4 ( 0,6 ) unk. 2.3 43 - - 10 - - - 1.6 GLC OD - 87
57W - - - - p.o. 2,3g 1.7 1,4 ( 3,2 ) unk. 0.4 105 - - 13 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
61W - 75 kg - - p.o. - - 1,4 ( 13,8 ) unk. 0.1 - - - 25,1 ( 172,1 ) - - - - GC OD - 41
52M - - - - p.o. - 0.6 1,4 ( 3,3 ) unk. 0.4 1.8 - - 57 - - - 2.3 GLC OD Et 87
27M 175 cm 73 kg ~23 h - p.o. - 1.7 - 1.4 - - 89 mg/kg - 220.6 28.4 - 14.8 5 GC/NPD MDOD Pa(le) 605
43M - - - - p.o. - 0.9 1,6 unk. - - - - 8 - - - - GC OD - 349
39M - - - - p.o. - 1.7 1,9 ( 0,7 ) unk. 2.7 - - - 69 - - - 7.3 GLC OD Et 87
42M - - - - p.o. - - 2,0 ( 2,8 ) unk. 0.7 - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 87
- - - - - p.o. - 1.5 2,0 ( 4,0 ) unk. 0.5 - - - 14 - - - - GC/FID OD - 409
44M - - - - p.o. 1,3 g 0.2 2,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
68W - - - - p.o. 3,8g - 2,3 ( 2,2 ) unk. 1.0 - - - 16 - - - - GLC OD - 87
27M - 60 kg - - p.o. - - 2,4 ( 3,5 ) unk. 0.7 - - - 33 ( 22 ) - - - - GC OD - 41
34M - 73 kg - - p.o. 7,2 g - 2,5 ( 5,1 ) unk. 0.5 - - - 69 ( 186 ) - - - - GC OD - 41
46W - - - - p.o. - - 2,6 unk. - - - - 19 - - - - GC OD - 349
46W - - - - p.o. 10,2g - 2,6 ( 4,2 ) unk. 0.6 20 - - 25 - - - 2.9 GLC OD - 87
41M - - - - p.o. 1,7 g - 2,6 unk. - - - - 45 - - - - GC OD - 349
32M - - - - p.o. - 1.9 2,7 ( 1,8 ) unk. 1.5 2 - - 37 - - - 4.4 GLC OD Et 87
41W - - - 2h p.o. 1,3 g 4.3 2,7 unk. - - 7,3 mg - 134 - - - - GC MDOD Et 107
31W - - - - p.o. 3,3g - 2,8 unk. - - - - 13 - - - 1.1 GLC OD - 87
38W - 141 kg - - p.o. - - 2,8 ( 2,3 ) unk. 1.2 - - - 41 ( 69 ) - - - - GC OD - 41
55M - - - - p.o. 3,4 g - 3 unk. - - 170 mg - 40 - - - - GC OD - 107
83W 156 cm 45 kg ~17 h - p.o. - - - 3.1 - - 125 mg/kg - 387.2 50.4 - 41.3 8.5 GC/NPD MDOD Pa(le) 605
29W 154 cm 76 kg 79 h - p.o. - 2.8 8.7 3.2 - 3.1 658 mg/l 48 42 10 - 13 1.3 GC/FID MDOD Pa(le) 103
30W - - - - p.o. 3,8g 1.1 3,3 ( 2,6 ) unk. 1.3 12 6,9 g/kg - 38 - - - 3.2 GLC OD Et 87
50W - - - - p.o. - 0.6 3,4 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
34W 152 cm 39 kg ~43 h - p.o. - 3.3 - 3.5 - - 151 mg/kg - 391.8 66.6 - 38.4 3.3 GC/NPD MDOD Pa(le) 605
24W - - - - i.v. - - 3,7 ( 1,2 ) unk. 3.1 0.7 42 mg/kg - 28 - - - 9 GLC OD - 87
18W 164 cm 78 kg 72 h - p.o. - 0.7 4.2 3.9 - 16 368 mg/l 37 4.1 5.9 - 6.6 3.2 GC/FID MDOD Pa(le) 103
50M 184 cm 82 kg ~38 h - p.o. - 0.4 5 4 - - 53 mg/kg - 106.5 13.9 - 25.6 4.5 GC/NPD MDOD Pa(le) 605
36W - - - - p.o. 5,2g 2.4 4,2 ( 0,8 ) unk. 5.2 - 963 mg/kg - 66 - - - - GLC OD Et 87
19W 171 cm 63 kg 50 h - p.o. - - 14 4.6 - 70 999 mg/l 34 40 14 - 18 5.2 GC/FID MDOD Pa(le) 103
35W - - - - p.o. 4,5g - 4,9 ( 5,6 ) unk. 0.9 75 - - 62 - - - 2 GLC OD - 87
49W - - - - p.o. - - 4,9 unk. - - - - 63 - - - - GC OD - 349
30M - - - - p.o. 1,6g 0.7 5,0 ( 4,6 ) unk. 1.1 4 - - - - - - - GLC OD Et 87
55W - - - - p.o. - - 5,3 ( 1,1 ) unk. 4.8 - - - 49 - - - 11 GLC OD - 87
46M - - - - p.o. 14,4g - 5,4 ( 2,5 ) unk. 2.2 5.4 - - 162 - - - 6.8 GLC OD - 87
49M - - - ~20 h p.o. 1,9 g - 5,6 unk. - - - - 53 - - - - GC OD - 107
- - - - - p.o. - - 6,0 ( 6,0 ) unk. 1 4 - - 55 - - - - GC/FID OD B(th) 409
- - - - - p.o. - 2.1 6,0 ( 8,0 ) unk. 0.8 41 - - 98 - - - - GC/FID OD - 409
19M - - - - i.v. - - 6,1 ( 3,3 ) unk. 1.8 32 54 mg/kg - 15 - - - 7.5 GLC OD - 87

38M - - - - p.o. - 0.3 6,7 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
42M - - - - p.o. - 1.9 7,0 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
27M - - - - p.o. - 1.8 7,3 ( 3,8 ) unk. 1.9 1.2 - - 135 - - - 3 GLC OD Et 87
19M - - - - p.o. 6,6g 1.9 7,6 ( 1,9 ) unk. 4 43 - - 76 - - - 1.6 GLC OD Et 87
21W 162 cm - - ~2,5 h p.o. ~1,5 g - 7,8 ( 9,4 ) - 0.8 6,3 ( 38,4 ) 759 mg 42,6 ( 106,1 ) 74,2 ( 44,9 ) 15 (16,3 ) - - - GC/FID OD - 411
19W - 64 kg - - p.o. - - 8,3 ( 1,9 ) unk. 4.4 - - - - - - - - GC OD - 41
63M - - - - p.o. 3,8g - 8,7 ( 6,5 ) unk. 1.3 - 4 g/kg - 35 - - - - GLC OD - 87
18W - - - - p.o. 5,3g 0.8 9,1 ( 3,3 ) unk. 2.8 - 1 g/kg - 30 - - - 3.4 GLC OD Et 87
- - - - - p.o. - 0.9 11,0 ( 4,0 ) unk. 2.8 40 - - 108 - - - - GC/FID OD - 409
17M - - - 5h p.o. 1,6 g - 15 unk. - - 20 mg - 56 - - - - GC OD - 107
25W - - - - p.o. - 0.7 15,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
36W - - - - p.o. - 18 unk. - - 158 mg - 98 - - - - GC OD - 107
41W - - - - p.o. - - 21,0 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
26M - - - - i.v. - - 22 ( 50 ) unk. 0.4 - - - 27 - - - 53 GLC OD B(th),Ag(th) 87
43M - - - - p.o. 4,5 g - 23 unk. - - 8 mg - 341 - - - - GC MDOD Ba(to) 107
47M - - - - p.o. - 3 24,8 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 349
44W - - - - p.o. 1,9 g - 58 unk. - - 20 mg - 234 - - - - GC OD - 107
43M - - ~24 h - i.v. - - 60 unk. - - - - 81 - - - - SPF OD Ba(th) 4
Diazepam Metabolite: Nordiazepam T1/2: 21-37 h Vd: 0,7-2,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,2-2 / 0,02-4,0 Toxic: 3-5 / 5-20
17M - 65 kg ~10 w - p.o. - 0.4 30 ( 4 ) - 7.5 3 ( 6,7 ) - - 16 ( 4 ) 0.8 - - 16 ( 4 ) TLC OD - 77
Dibenzepine Metabolite: Nordibenzepine T1/2: 3,5-5 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,025-0,15 / - Toxic: 3 / -
19W 168 cm - ~60 h - p.o. ~16 g - 61 mg/Kg - 740 5,80 g - 130 - - - - UV OD - 289
21W - - - - p.o. - - - 4.2 - 73.3 33,7 mg 63.2 34 31.6 - 9.1 - GC OD - 478
47M - 67 kg - 1-2 h p.o. 4,8 g - 11 unk. - 12 1,5 g/kg - 128 50 - 43 - GC/FID OD - 63
44W - - - 2-3 h p.o. 4g - 15 unk. - - 750 mg/kg - 350 63 - - - GC/FID OD - 63
35W - 60 kg - ~1 h p.o. 4g - 19 unk. - - 220 mg/kg - 550 37 - 20 - GC/FID OD - 63
28M - - - - p.o. - 1.5 21 ( 2 ) unk. 10.5 63 ( 26 ) - - 477 ( 76 ) - - - - UV/SPF OD - 86
54W - - - - p.o. - - 29 ( 7 ) unk. 4.1 - - - 323 ( 52 ) - - - - UV/SPF OD - 86
34M - - - - p.o. - - 34 ( 21 ) unk. 1.6 200 ( 290 ) - - 276 ( 131 ) - - - - 3,2 gUV/SPF OD - 86
50W - - - - p.o. - - 38 ( 30 ) unk. 1.3 - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 86
19W 168 cm - 57 h - p.o. ~16 g - 61 ( 9 ) unk. 6.8 74 ( 38 ) 5,8 g - 130 ( 29 ) - - - - UV/SPF OD - 86
31W - - ~24 h - p.o. - - 65 unk. - 100 2500 mg - 290 170 - - - UV/SPF OD Ba(th) 376
32M - - - - p.o. - - 81 ( 8 ) unk. 10.1 41 ( 20 ) - - 182 ( 69 ) - - - 31 UV/SPF OD - 86
65W - - - - p.o. - - 135 ( 9 ) unk. 15 28 ( 37 ) - - 157 ( 108 ) - - - - UV/SPF OD - 86
1,1-Dichloro-1-Fluoroethane T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
40M - - - - inhalation - - 14 unk. - - - - 29 - - - - GC OD - 23
Dichloromethane T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: 200 / -
51M - - - - inhalation - - 252 unk. - - 42 mg/l - 56 59 - 75 - GC/MSD OD - 272
29M 180 cm 73 kg - - inhalation - 0.1 544 - - 1.2 77 mg/l - 328 259 - 548 - GC/ECD OD - 344
50M - - 24 h - inhalation - - 571,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 359
55M - - 24 h - inhalation - - 600,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 359
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyaceticacid T1/2: 4-140 h Vd: 0,1 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: ~100 / 200+
76M - - 36 h 6d p.o. - - 57,6 unk. - - - - 407.8 193.4 - 93.4 117.5 - OD - 149
49M - 95 kg - ~2 d p.o. - - 389 antemortem - - 125 mg/l - 386 370 - 185 273 HPLC OD - 265
26M - - 16 h 30 h p.o. - - 389,5 unk. - - 108,2 mg/kg 154.8 293.5 315 - 254.8 - HPLC MDOD Pe(to) 418
61W - - - ~5 h p.o. - - 520 unk. - 670 - 340 540 - - - - HPLC MDOD He(to) 168
64W - - - - p.o. - - 720 unk. - - 12,2 g/kg - 130 - - - - GC/MS OD - 525
W - - - ~16 h p.o. - - 826 unk. - - - - 21 82 - - - TLC MDOD Pe(to) 100
Dichlorvos T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
72W 151 cm 62.5 kg ~24 h - p.o. >300 g - 29 unk. - 4.5 ~300g - 20 80 - 9.7 - GC/MS OD - 513
72W 151 cm 63 kg - - p.o. - - 29 unk. - 4.5 300 g - 20 80 - 9.7 - GC/FID OD - 413
Dicyclomine T1/2: 5 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: -0,1 / 0,02-0,08 Toxic: 0,2 / -
173
Vitreous
[mg/l]
2moM - - - - p.o. - - 0,51 unk. - - - 0.6 - - 0.1 - - GC/MS OD - 183

Diflunisal T1/2: 5-20 h Vd: 0,1-0,2 l/kg Therapeutic: 40-100 / 9-130 Toxic: 300-500 / -
38M - - - - p.o. - - 260 unk. - 78 34 mg 71 400 350 - - - GLC OD B(th),N(th) 325
64W - - - - p.o. - - 370 unk. - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD B(th) 572
W - - - - p.o. - 1.4 580 unk. - - 814 mg - - - - - - HPLC OD At(th) 572
Digitoxin T1/2: 4-10 d Vd: 41 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,025 / - Toxic: 0,03 / -
76W - - - - p.o. - - - 0.073 - - - - 0.51 2.79 - - - FPIA OD - 475
Digoxin T1/2: 30-45 h Vd: 5,1-7,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,0005-0,002 / 0,0007-0,022 Toxic: 0,0025-0,003 / 0,003-0,004
1mM - 4,1kg - 0,75h i.v. 2mg - - - - - - 0.86 0.5 1.68 - 0.024 0.37 RIA OD - 217
20M - - - - p.o. - - 0.01 - - - 0,8 mg/l - - - 0.001 - - RIA MDOD Pr(le) 137
88W - - - - p.o. - - 0.012 - - - - - - - 0.009 - - RIA OD - 137
18M - - - - p.o. - 0.2 - 0.019 - 0.58 1,1 mg/l 0.64 - - - - - RIA OD - 282
82W - 47 kg - 1,5h p.o. 5mg - 0,02-0,025 Plasma - - 0,6 mg - 0,1-0,11 0,13-0,15 - - - RIA OD - 21
3dM - 2,2kg 6h ~4h i.v. 4mg - 0,03 unk. - - - - 0.035 0.13 - 0.0009 - RIA OD - 511
87W - - - - p.o. - - 0.039 - - 1.28 - - - - 0.003 - - RIA OD - 137
54W - - - 4h p.o. - - 0,05 unk. - - - - - - - - - RIA OD Ag(th) 403
3W - - - ~3h p.o. - - 0.077 0.071 - - - - 0.22 0.52 - - 0.16 FPIA OD - 201
50W 159 cm 53 kg ~7 d 1h p.o. - 1.6 - 0.075 - 0.91 - 2.4 0.047 0.24 - 0.008 0.013 RIA OD - 472
78W - - - - p.o. - - - 0.098 - - - - 0.73 1.5 0.048 - - FPIA OD - 474
40M - - 36h - p.o. - - 0,17 Plasma - 7.8 2,4 mg 4.9 - - - - - FPIA MDOD A(to) 150
2moW - 4 kg - - i.v. - - 0.2 - - - - - 0.2 - - - - RIA OD - 133
Dihydrocodeine Metabolite: Dihydrocodeine-6-glucoronide T1/2: 3,4-4,5 h Vd: 1,0-1,3 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,25 / 0,03-0,25 Toxic: 0,5-1 / 0,5-2
30M 178 cm 66 kg 4h - p.o. - - 2,6 ( 1,8 ) 1,9 ( 1,6 ) 1.3 - - - 1,3 ( 2,0 ) 10.6 - 0.8 - HPLC OD B(th) 524
60M - - - - p.o. - - - 12 - 570 - 5340 620 - - - - GLC OD - 427
23M - - - - i.v. - - - 720 - 7 - 3 364 - - - - GLC OD Ba(to) 427
Diltiazem Metabolite: Desacetyldiltiazem T1/2: 5,1 h Vd: 3-13 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,13 / 0,05-0,4 Toxic: 0,8-1 / 3,7-6,1
21M - - - - p.o. 1,5 g 1.4 1,5 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD Hm(th) 495
68M - - - - p.o. - 0.8 2,5 unk. - - 5,4 g - - - - - - - OD Pa(th),N(th) 495
W - - - - p.o. - - 4 unk. - - 3,3 g - - - - - - - OD - 495
66W - - 48h - p.o. - - - 6.7 - 5.4 - - 79 - 5.5 - - HPLC OD - 259
39M - - - - p.o. - 1.8 6.9 - - 4.7 - - - - - - - GC/FID MDOD Hm(th) 260
58M - - - - p.o. - 0.1 8 unk. - - 650 mg - - - - - - - OD - 495
25W - - - 4d p.o. - 1 8,49 Serum - 4.48 - - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Ae(to),Cc(to) 50
30M 175 cm 108 kg - - p.o. - 1.6 - 11 - 11 0,6 g 180 - - 3.5 - - GC/FID OD - 229
61M - - - - p.o. - 1.2 15 ( 12 ) unk. 1.3 60 ( 10 ) 120 mg - 41 ( 13 ) - - - - GC/MS OD - 580
60M - - - 20 h p.o. 8g - 31 ( 9,7 ) 3.2 - - 294.9 182 ( 47,3 ) 49,2 ( 22,6 ) - 33.1 - GC/MS OD - 493
58W - - - - p.o. - - 33 - - - 1,8 g - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 435
Diphenhydramine T1/2: 3-14 h Vd: 3-4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,1 / 0,025-0,112 Toxic: 1-2 / 5
12wW - 7,3 kg - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 36
12wM - 7,2 kg - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - - - - 5.5 3.6 - - - - OD - 36
8wW - 4,5 kg - - p.o. - - 1.5 1.3 - - - - 7.3 - - 1.7 - - OD - 36
6wW - 3,6 kg - - p.o. - - 1,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 36
9wM - 5,4 kg - - p.o. ~60 mg - 1,6 unk. - 9 - - - - 0.7 - - - OD - 36
28M - - - ~14 h p.o. - - - 5 - - - - 33.7 50.5 - 16 7.3 GC/NPD OD - 219

- - - - ~12 h p.o. - - 14.7 6.9 - 376 0,82 mg - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 3
17M - - - - p.o. - - 6,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 514
25M - 76 kg - - p.o. 3g - 8,7 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 514
20W - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 514
- - - - ~3 h p.o. - - 50 19.7 - 34.9 4,2 mg - 260 114 - - - GC/MS OD - 3
67W - - - - p.o. - - 26 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 514
37M 170 cm 83 kg - - p.o. 2.9 31 unk. - 6.4 554 mg - - - - 32 - GC/FID OD - 27
Disopyramide Metabolite: Deacetyldisopyramide T1/2: 3-11 h Vd: 0,6-1,3 l/kg Therapeutic: 2-7 / 2-6 Toxic: 8 / 7
16W - - - ~2 d p.o. - - 4,3 antemortem - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 221
35M - - - - p.o. 6,8 g - 8,5 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 221
75M - - - ~7 h p.o. - - 16 antemortem - - - - - - - - - - OD - 573
44W - - - - p.o. - - 26,6 ( 5,9 ) unk. 4.5 - - 349 35.8 147 - - - LC OD - 17
17M - - - - p.o. - - 34 unk. - - 2,3 g/l - - - - - - GLC OD B(th) 221
24W - - - 12 h p.o. - - 35 antemortem - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 221
4M - - - - p.o. - - 41,3 unk. - 430 15 mg 435 98.2 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Ag(to) 518
19M - - - - p.o. 15g - 57 unk. - 1500 0,9 mg - 115 - - 29 - GC/FID OD - 385
40M - - - - p.o. 3,6g 0.9 63 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD B(to) 503
26W - - - - p.o. 6g - 114 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD B(th) 221
31M - - - - p.o. - - 146 unk. - - 6,59 mg 6.2 17 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 503
Dixyrazine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: -0,3 Toxic: -
53M - - - - p.o. - - 10,0 unk. - 28 - - 130 74 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
Dothiepin T1/2: 11-32 h Vd: 20-92 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,1 / 0,017-0,42 Toxic: 0,8 / -
62M 163 cm 40 kg 1-2 d - p.o. ~0,77g - 0.4 0.4 - - - 36.2 4.3 - - - 0.92 HPLC OD - 451
25W - - - - p.o. - - - 1.4 - - 19,8 mg 268 - - - - - GC OD - 478
32W - - - 2,5 h p.o. - - - 2.4 - 3.8 3,2 mg 161.4 14.2 3.1 - - - GC OD - 478
19W - - - - p.o. - - - 2.5 - 4.5 1,8 g - 2 - - - - GC OD - 478
48W 155 cm 48 kg ~20 h - p.o. 1,9 g 0.5 9.3 4.1 - 33.2 - 60.8 52 - 0.9 - - HPLC OD - 451
22M - - - - p.o. ~4,5 g - 5,75 unk. - 7.4 373 mg/kg 110 45.2 10.4 - 2.8 - HPLC/DAD OD - 91
Doxepin Metabolite: Nordoxepin T1/2: 8-25 h Vd: 9-33 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,2 / 0,1-0,25 Toxic: 0,5-1 / 0,12-4,3
57W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 2.6 - - - - GLC/FID MDOD B,Et,Pr 33
29W - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - 18.3 - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
56W - - - - p.o. - - 0,4 ( 0,1 ) unk. 4 1 ( 1,4 ) - - 1,3 ( 1,5 ) - - - 0.1 GC/NPD OD - 223
44M - - - - p.o. - - 0,4 unk. - - - - 29 - - - - GLC/FID MDOD Et 33
26W - - - - p.o. ~4,5 g - 0,7 ( 0,2 ) unk. 3.5 - 195 32 19 - 9 - GC/FID OD N(th) 127
29M - - - - p.o. - - 0,9 ( 0,4 ) unk. 2.3 - - - 36,3 ( 15,1 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 457
25W - - - - p.o. - - 1,2 unk. - - - - 33.4 - - - - GLC/FID MDOD B,Pr,Ba 33
28M - - - - p.o. - - 1,2 unk. - - - - 76.6 - - - - GLC/FID MDOD Et,Ah 33
56M - - - - p.o. - - 2,5 unk. - - - - 157 - - - - GLC/FID OD Et 33
W - - - - p.o. - 1.5 2,7 ( 0,4 ) unk. 6.8 8.4 - - 38 16 - 11 - GC/FID OD - 127
24M - - - ~3 h p.o. >2,5 g - 3.3 - - 1.4 - - 63,8 ( 4,5 ) 4,3 ( 0,5 ) - - - GC/FID OD H 95
52M - - - - p.o. - - 3,3 unk. - - - - 73.1 - - - - GLC/FID OD B 33
55M - 62 kg - - p.o. - 1.6 3.7 - - - 4,9 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID MDOD - 212
28M - - - - p.o. - 0.9 4,8 ( 0,1 ) unk. 48 2.1 - 38 37 3.3 - 21 - GC/FID OD - 127
19W - - - - p.o. - - 6,6 ( 1 ) unk. 6.6 - - - 7,7 ( 10 ) - - - 6,1 ( 4,1 ) GC/NPD OD Li(to) 223
30W - 77 kg - - p.o. - 0.4 8 - - - 23 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
60W - - - - p.o. - - 8,8 unk. - - - - 231.1 - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
35W - 64 kg - 3h p.o. - - 11 unk. - - - - 71 32 - 16 - GLC OD - 413
32M - - - - p.o. - - 11,0 unk. - - - - 257 - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
55W - 58 kg - - p.o. - 0.3 12 - - - 225 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
32M - 86 kg - - p.o. - 1.9 13 - - - 750 - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
175
Vitreous
[mg/l]
25W - - - - p.o. - - 14,4 unk. - - - - 230 - - - - GLC/FID OD Et 33

35W - - 1d - p.o. - - 19 unk. - 16 - - 320 - - - - GC/FID OD - 406
23M - - - - p.o. - 0.5 29 ( 6,2 ) unk. 4.7 12 - 51 22 10 - 16 - GC/FID OD - 127
Doxylamine Metabolite: Nordoxylamine T1/2: 10 h Vd: 2,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,2 / 0,069-0,138 Toxic: 1-2 / -
54M 167 cm 86Kg - - p.o. - - 140 unk. - 180 500 mg - 80 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 54
55W 169 cm 60Kg - - p.o. - - 100 unk. - - 900 mg - 300 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 54
20M 175 cm 57 kg - - p.o. - - 0,7 unk. - 17 5 mg 3.2 - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ah(to) 602
45M - - - - p.o. - - 1,2 ( 0,5 ) unk. 2.4 15.7 - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 516
3M - 14 kg - 18 h p.o. ~1 g - 12 unk. - - - - 14 22 - - - UV/SPF OD Ah(to) 46
62M - - - - p.o. - - 12,3 unk. - 148 - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 38
25W - - - - p.o. ~3,8 g - 59,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/TSD OD - 608
Enfluran T1/2: 36 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
21M - - ~84 h - inhalation - - 130 unk. - - - - - - - 350 - GC/FID OD - 241
29M - - - - inhalation - - 710 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 571
Ephedrine T1/2: 5,0-7,5 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,02-0,2 / 0,068-0,1 Toxic: 1 / -
28W 168 cm 56 kg - - p.o. - - 11 unk. - - - - 24 14 - 8.9 - GC/MS OD A(th) 28
Ethanol T1/2: 2-14 h Vd: 0,53 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 1000-2000 / 800-1000
48M 185 cm 74 kg - - p.o. - - 6430 2730 - 840 47 g/l 6160 2500 - 7630 - - GC/FID MDOD Is(to),Ac(to) 521
- - - - - p.o. - - 4230 unk. - 4850 600 mg 3900 2450 2850 - 3200 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 4950 unk. - 5300 1g 4800 2900 3600 - 3400 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 5150 unk. - 5600 700 mg 4850 3100 3450 - 3100 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 5450 unk. - 6300 - 4100 3900 4150 - 3800 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 6150 unk. - 6800 500 mg 5800 3650 4010 - 3950 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 6620 unk. - 5400 200 g 11000 3600 4500 - 3400 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 6800 unk. - 5800 - 9000 3700 4400 - 3600 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 7960 unk. - 6300 - 5940 4400 4550 - 4900 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 9150 unk. - 9400 - 1250 5400 6400 - 5800 - GLC OD - 88
- - - - - p.o. - - 17660 unk. - - 320 g 27950 11610 10430 - 9120 - GLC OD - 88
Ethchlorvynol T1/2: 19-32 h Vd: 2,4-3,2 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,5-8 / 0,5-8,8 Toxic: 20 / -
51W - - - - p.o. - - 22 unk. - - - - 60 63 - - - SPF OD Ba(to),Mp(th) 106
35W - - - - p.o. - - 29 unk. - 10.6 219 mg 22.7 21.3 17.3 - - - GC/FID MDOD B(to),At(to) 594
28M - - - - p.o. - - 66,2 unk. - - 319 mg - 507 860 - 285 - GC/FID OD - 589
20W - - - 4h p.o. - - 85 unk. - - - 125 70 54 - 57 - SPF OD - 106
51W - - - - p.o. - - 154 unk. - 10 113 mg/l 160 83 22 - 46 - GC/FID OD - 352
43W - - - - p.o. - - 154 unk. - - 45 mg/l 135 148 72 - 97 - GC/FID OD - 352
28M - - - - p.o. - 0.3 198,2 unk. - 261.8 130 g/kg 361.8 620 - 10 - - GC/FID MDOD B(th) 594
Ethyl chloride T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 200-300 Toxic: -
30M 160 cm 57 kg - - inhalation - - 423 unk. - 35 - - - - 12 858 - GC/FID OD B(th) 66
M - - 12 h ~2 h inhalation - - 650 - - - - - - - 417 - - GC OD - 603
Ethyleneglykol T1/2: 3-5 h Vd: 0,5-0,8 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 200-500 / 1500
15M - - - ~4 h p.o. - - - - - - - - - - - 1960 - - OD - 293
30W - - - ~48 h p.o. - - - - - - - - 3100 930 - - - - OD - 293
40M - - - ~5 h p.o. - - - - - - - - 15120 11340 - - - - OD - 293
43M - - - 45 h p.o. - - 100 antemortem - 270 - - - - - - - GLC OD - 61

42M - - - 49 h p.o. - - 712 antemortem - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 61
23M - 80 kg 70 h 27 h p.o. - - 1162 antemortem - - 859 mg/l 785.6 299.8 258.8 - 134.5 - GC/FID OD - 210
Etryptamine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
M 181 cm 63 kg 24 h ~2-3 h p.o. ~800 mg - 1.1 - - 38.8 10,6 mg/kg 25 3.3 - - - - GC/MS, HPLC OD - 118
19W - - - ~1 h p.o. - - 5.6 - - - 53 mg 22 18.3 24 2.4 16.2 - GC/NPD OD - 391
Fenfluramine T1/2: 13-30 h Vd: 12-16 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,04-0,3 / 0,04-0,3 Toxic: 0,5-0,7 / 0,7-0,9
2W - - - ~4 h p.o. - - 6,5 unk. - 60 - - 48 - - - - GC OD - 196
13M - - - 4h p.o. 2g - 6,5 unk. - 89 224 mg/l 64.5 49 27.1 - 42 16 GC OD - 196
6W - - - ~3 h p.o. - - 16 unk. - - - - 136 - - - - GC OD - 196
Fentanyl T1/2: 3-12 h Vd: 3-8 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,003-0,3 / 0,01-0,1 Toxic: -
31M - - - - i.v. - - 0,003 unk. - - - - 0.011 0.014 - - - GC/MS OD B(th) 420
23M - - - - i.v. - - 0,004 unk. - 0.013 - - 0.0097 0.0086 - - - GC/MS OD - 368
33M - - - - i.v. - - 0,0048 unk. - 0.0063 - 0.0047 - - - - - GC/MS OD B(th),M(th) 184
35M 172 cm 70 kg - - i.v. - 0.6 0,0049 unk. - 0.005 - 0.0088 0.0059 - - - - GC/MS OD B(th) 327
35M - - - - i.v. - - 0,01 unk. - - - - 0.05 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 156
31M - - - ~3 h - - - 0.015 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 165
31M - - - - dermal - - 0,017 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 305
83W - - - - dermal - - 0,025 unk. - - - - 0.104 0.069 - 0.054 - GC/MS OD - 151
36M - - - - i.v. - - 0,0275 unk. - 0.0927 0,0074 mg 0.0582 0.0775 0.0415 - 0.0302 - GC/NPD OD B(to) 85
Flecainide T1/2: 12-27 h Vd: 9-10 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,4-0,8 / 0,2-1 Toxic: 1-2 / -
18M 185 cm 65 kg - - p.o. - - 16.3 - - 4260 mg/L - 111 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 166
23M - 50 kg 60h - p.o. - 1.1 - 7.3 - 117 19 mg - 302 - - - HPLC OD - 501
22W - - - - p.o. - - 13 - - 54 120 mg 160 180 74 7.4 - - GC/NPD OD - 326
33W - - - - p.o. - 1.8 93,7 unk. - 82.4 7g 418.9 550 - - - - GC/NPD OD B(th) 483
15M - - - - p.o. - - 100 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 483
Fluoride T1/2: 2-9 h Vd: 0,5-0,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,095-0,19 / 0,014-0,4 Toxic: 2 / 0,5-2+
33W - - - - p.o. - - - - - 295 225 mg/kg 3.4 8.6 16 - - - SPF OD - 447
54W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 47 mg/kg - 32 28 - 4 - - OD - 293
43M - - - - p.o. - 1 13 unk. - - - - - - - - - ISE OD - 60
60M - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - 111 46 mg/kg - 41 32 - 24 - - OD - 293
57M - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - 320 260 mg/l - - - - - - ISE OD - 528
31W - - - 2h p.o. 56g (NaF) - 48 unk. - - - - 37 - - - - SPF OD - 257
33M - - - ~1 h p.o. - 0.2 56,2 unk. - 17 5,6 g - 81.2 68.4 - - - SPF OD - 382
Fluoxetine Metabolite: Norfluoxetine T1/2: 1-3 d Vd: 26 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,16-0,5 / 0,09-0,4 Toxic: 1 / -
28W - - - - p.o. - 2.2 0,8 ( 0,7 ) 0,2 ( 0,3 ) 0.8 - 0,41 mg - 12,8 ( 8,8 ) - - 3,6 ( 3,2 ) - GC/FID MDOD Et 486
- - - - - p.o. - - - 1.5 - 5.5 270 mg/kg - 54 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Ah(to),Ko(le) 482
58W 160 cm 60 kg - - p.o. ~6 g - 6,0 ( 5,0 ) unk. 1.2 - - 13,0 ( 13,0 ) - - - - - GC/NPD OD Hm(th) 273
Flurazepam Metabolite: Norflurazepam T1/2: 1-3 h Vd: 3,4-5,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,1 / 0,0005-0,028 Toxic: 0,2-0,5 / 0,2
47M - - ~3 m - p.o. - - - 0,51 ( 9 ) 0.06 7 - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 2
52W - - ~24 h - p.o. ~2,2 g - - 5,5 ( 0,73 ) 7.5 3.3 600 mg 33 ( 19 ) 130 - 1.3 - - HPLC OD - 374
Fluvoxamine T1/2: 15-22 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,15-0,25 / 0,031-0,087 Toxic: 0,65 / -
31M - - - - p.o. - 1.2 - 6.8 - 4.7 31,8 mg/kg 78.7 - - 2.2 - - GC/FID MDOD B(le),A(to),Ah(th) 312
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 50-120 / <1 Toxic: 80 / 26-360
42M - - 2d - p.o. - - 11,5 unk. - 258.3 - 57 43 47 84.3 40 - GC/MS MDOD M(to) 161
Glutethimide T1/2: 5-22 h Vd: 2,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,2-5 / 2-12 Toxic: 10-30 / 10-80
94M - - - ~12 h p.o. - - 29 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 35
57M - - - - p.o. - - 39 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 35
56W - - - - p.o. - - 60 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 35
Haloperidol Metabolite: reduced Haloperidol T1/2: 14-41 h Vd: 18-30 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,005-0,017 / 0,006-0,245 Toxic: 0,05-0,5 / 0,5-0,5
35M - - - - p.o. - - 1,9 ( 1,4 ) - 1.4 6,6 ( 5,7 ) 67 mg 3,4 ( 1,6 ) 44 ( 43 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD Hm(th) 333
177
178
Vitreous
[mg/l]
Halothane T1/2: 43 h Vd: 1 l/kg Therapeutic: - / 22-260 Toxic: -

75M - - - - inhalation - - 3,4 unk. - - 10,3 mg/kg 1.6 21.3 14.5 - 120.2 - GC/MS OD - 398
82W - - - - inhalation - - 8,3 unk. - - - 8.6 1.7 11.7 - 103.6 - GC/MS OD - 398
35M - - ~1 d - inhalation - - 26 - - 0.94 - 8 185 - - - - GC/ECD OD - 346
Hexachlorophene T1/2: 24 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 0,003-0,65 Toxic: -
46W - - - 44 h p.o. - - 35 - - - 30 mg/l - 35 20 - 1 - - OD - 225
Hydrocodone Metabolite: Hydromorphone T1/2: 3,4-8,8 h Vd: 3,3-4,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,05 / 0,03-0,25 Toxic: 0,1 / 0,5-2
3M 104 cm 26 kg 6h ~8h p.o. 15 mg - 0,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 393

21M - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - ( 48 ) - - - - - GC/MS OD - 422
23M - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - 14,3 ( 98 ) - - - - - GC/MS OD - 422
Hydromorphone T1/2: 1,5-3,8 h Vd: 2,9 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,005-0,015 / 0,008-0,049 Toxic: 0,1 / -
29M 170 cm 80 kg - 4h p.o. - 0.9 0,1 unk. - 7.8 - - 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.5 - GC/MS MDOD Et 322
Hydroxychloroquine T1/2: 12-56 d Vd: 580-815 l/kg Therapeutic: -0,1 / 0,019-0,21 Toxic: 0,5-0,8 / -
16M - 64 kg 3h - p.o. ~12 g - 61 48 - 970 70 mg - 71 - - - - UV/SPF OD - 119
2M - - - - p.o. ~12g - - 104 - - 1,2 mg - 500 - - - - UV OD - 269
Hydroxyzine T1/2: 13-27 h Vd: 13-31 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,1 / 0,022-0,08 Toxic: 0,1 / -
18W - - - - p.o. - - 4,2 unk. - 1.4 78 mg/ml 23.2 - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 280
43W - 57 kg - - p.o. - - 39 unk. - 19 487 mg 122 414 - - 163 - GC/FID OD - 249
Ibuprofen Metabolite: Carboxyibuprofen T1/2: 0,9-2,5 h Vd: 0,14 l/kg Therapeutic: 15-30 / 17-49 Toxic: 200 / 84-700
48M - - 10 h - p.o. - - 80,8 ( 101 ) Serum 0.8 - - - 238 622 - - - GC MDOD Pa(to) 538
19M - 86 kg - 7h p.o. - - 130 - - - 115 mg - 880 270 - 1600 - GC/MS MDOD Sy(to),Mr(to),Ah(th) 329
26M - 67 kg - - p.o. - - 518 348 - - 1,3 g - 942 - - 284 - HPLC OD - 311
Imipramine Metabolite: Desipramine T1/2: 6-20 h Vd: 20-40 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,35 / 0,015-0,105 Toxic: 0,5-1 / 0,5-1,5
1 - - - ~5 h p.o. - - - - - - - - 57 - - 28 - UV/SPF OD - 415
33M - - - - p.o. - - 0,5 ( 5,2 ) unk. 0.1 - - - 21,9 ( 353 ) - - - - GLC/FID MDOD Pr 33
63M - 91 kg - - p.o. - 1.5 3.9 - - - 606 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID MDOD - 212
56M - 102 kg - - p.o. - - 5.4 - - - 53 mg - - - - - - GC-NP/FID OD - 212
8W - - - - p.o. - - 6,8 ( 2,5 ) unk. 2.7 - - - 131,4 ( 81,2 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 457
26W - - - ~7 h p.o. - - 9 ( 1,1 ) unk. 8.2 92 - - - - - - - HPLC OD Pa(th) 172
51W - - - - p.o. - - 10,2 ( 2,7 ) unk. 3.8 - - - 314 ( 218 ) - - - - GLC/FID OD - 33
24W - - - - p.o. - - 10,6 ( 3,1 ) unk. 3.4 - - - 293,4 ( 231,2 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 457
28M - - - - p.o. - - 16 ( 10 ) unk. 1.6 6,1 ( 5 ) - - 120 ( 75 ) - - - 9,6 ( 3,6 ) GC/NPD OD - 223
23W - - - - p.o. - - 25 ( 6,8 ) unk. 3.7 - - - 24 ( 19 ) - - - 16 ( 5,6 ) GC/NPD OD - 223
Isoflurane T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 5-10 / 20-70 Toxic: 20 / -
21M - - - - inhalation - - 9,9 unk. - - - - 31 22.3 - 107 - GC/FID MDOD Ah(to),Pm(to) 310
33M - - - - inhalation - - 45,9 unk. - - - - 97.2 27.3 - - - GC/FID OD - 310
Isoniazid T1/2: 0,6-6,7 h Vd: 0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 5-10 / 0,6-20 Toxic: 20 / 20-143
53M - - - ~15h p.o. - - 70unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 539
20M - - - - p.o. ~8 g - 43 - - 470 4 mg 900 650 110 - - - GC/MS OD - 341
53M - - - - p.o. - - 70 antemortem - - - - - - - - - GC/ITD OD - 439
Ketamine T1/2: 3-4 h Vd: 3-5 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-6 / 0,2-6,3 Toxic: 7 / -
32M - - - - i.v. - 1.7 1,8 unk. - 2 - - 4.9 3.6 - 4.3 - GC/NPD OD - 390
31W 163 cm 52 kg - - i.v. 900 mg - 7,0 unk. - - - - 6.3 3.2 - - - GC/FID OD - 431
18M - 75 kg - - i.v. 1g - 27,4 unk. - 8.5 - 15.2 6.6 3.4 - 3.2 - GLC OD - 336
Lamotrigine T1/2: 24-36 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 3-14 / 2-19 Toxic: 15-30 / 15-36
48W - - - - p.o. - - 52 54 - 37 - 92 220 110 - - - GC/NPD OD - 331
Lead T1/2: 0,4-3,6 y Vd: ? Therapeutic: ~0,1 / 0,4 Toxic: 0,6 / 0,4-13,7
2M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 13.3 18.2 - 2.2 - AAS OD - 292
4W - - - ~10 d p.o. - - 0,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - AAS OD - 7
3W - - - ~4 d p.o. - - 2,6 antemortem - - - - - - - - - AAS OD - 7
2M - - - ~3 d p.o. - - 3,5 antemortem - - - - - - - - - AAS OD - 7
54W - - - - i.m. - - 5,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 139
Levomepromazine Metabolite: Desmethylmepromazine T1/2: 17-78 h+ Vd: 23-42 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,005-0,025 / - Toxic: 0,4 / 0,5+
42M - - - - p.o. - - 4,1 ( 2 ) - 2.1 0,8 ( 1,2 ) - 70 ( 35 ) - - 0,25 ( 0,2 ) - - GC/NPD OD - 26
38M - - - - p.o. - - 8,0 unk. - - - - 160 - - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
Levorphanol T1/2: 11 h Vd: 10-13 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,007-0,02 / 0,007-0,021 Toxic: 0,1 / -
61M 173 cm 59 kg - ~18 h p.o. 30 mg - 0,8 antemortem - - - 15 11 1 - - - GLC/NPD OD - 47
41W 160 cm 61 kg - - p.o. - - 2,7 unk. - 2.3 47 mg 24 5.4 3.4 - 1.8 - GC OD B(th) 563
Lidocaine T1/2: 0,7-1,8 h Vd: 1,3 l/kg Therapeutic: 1,5-5 / 1,5-5 Toxic: 6-7 / 7-20
32M - 55 kg - - i.v. - - - 22.2 - - 4 mg - 43.6 28.3 - 23.1 - GC/FID OD - 261
20W - 40 kg - - i.v. - - 29,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD H(to) 55
64M 170 cm 84 kg - 1h i.v. 2g - 30 unk. - - - - - 204 - 135 20 GC/NPD OD - 444
58M - - - - p.o. - - 40 unk. - 49 - - - - - - - FPI OD - 121
20W - - - - i.v. - 0.5 53 unk. - 10 - - - - - - - FPI OD A(th),Ag(th) 121
Lithium T1/2: 17-58 h Vd: 0,4-1,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 4-8 / 4,2-9,7 Toxic: 13 / 13,9
47W - - - ~30 h p.o. - - 13,3 unk. - - - 108.3 9.3 14.3 - 9.7 - AAS OD - 587
Lorcainide Metabolite: Norlorcainide T1/2: 5-10 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-0,4 / - Toxic: -
15W - - - ~2 h p.o. 2,5 g - 1,8 ( 0,5 ) antemortem 3.6 - - - - - - - - - OD - 153
Loxapine Hauptmetabolit: Amoxapin T1/2: 3-4 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,01-0,01 / 0,01-0,03 Toxic: 1 / -
22W - 81 kg - 12 d p.o. ~2,5 g - 1,9 antemortem - 0.4 - - - - - - - GLC OD - 469
32W - 45 kg - - p.o. >3 g - 7,7 unk. - - 2,9 g - 150 - - - - GLC OD - 469
69W 140 cm 61 kg - - p.o. ~3,5 g - 9,5 ( 0,5 ) - 19 - 278 mg/kg 28.8 - - 1.5 - - GC/NPD OD - 371
Malathion T1/2: 2,9 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 0-3,5 Toxic: 0,5 / -
70W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 250 mg - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 334
64W - - - - p.o. - - 0,67 unk. - - 648 mg - 2.4 - - - - GC/FID OD - 334
58M - - - - p.o. - - 5 unk. - - 162 mg - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 334
80W - - - 12 d p.o. - - 23,9 antemortem - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 611
16M - - - - p.o. - - 175 unk. - 70 163 mg - 281 303 - 84 16 HPLC OD - 242
24W - - - - p.o. - - 217 unk. - 33 226,2 mg - 244 294 - 132 16 HPLC OD - 242
25M - - - - p.o. - - 218 unk. - 189 138 mg - 198 414 - 195 24 HPLC OD - 242
25M - - - - p.o. - - 262 unk. - 50 255 mg - 255 280 - 120 12 HPLC OD - 242
45M - - - - p.o. - - 298 unk. - 58 295,5 mg - 282 354 - 151 8 HPLC OD - 242
32M - - - - p.o. - - 517 unk. - 175 243,4 mg - 383 616 - 387 40 HPLC OD - 242
Maprotiline Metabolite: N-desmethylmaprotiline T1/2: 36-105 h Vd: 14-22 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-0,6 / 0,05-0,72 Toxic: 0,5-1 / 0,24-0,8
23W - - - - p.o. 4,5-6 g - 44,5 unk. - 12.6 26,3 mg - 605.1 - - 157.8 - HPLC GC/NPD OD - 464
35W - - 12 h ~4 h p.o. - - 1,08 Plasma - 11 - 21 16.5 8.5 - 19.5 1.53 - OD N(th) 117
37M 185 cm 95 kg - - p.o. - 1.3 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD Ag(th) 412
52W - - - - p.o. - 0.1 7.3 8,6 ( 1,6 ) 5.4 - 2,8 g/l 137 - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 266
23W - - - - p.o. 4,5-6 g - 44,5 unk. - 12.6 26,3 mg - 605.1 - - 157.8 - GC/NPD OD - 464
Melperone T1/2: 3 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: < 0,2 / - Toxic: -
36W - 61 kg - - p.o. - - 23.2 17.1 - 346 - - - - - - - GC/MS OD B(th),Ca(th) 537
Meperidine Metabolite: Normeperidine T1/2: 2-5 h Vd: 3,7-4,2 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-0,8 / 0,07-0,8 Toxic: 1-2 / 5
- - - - - i.v. - - 1 ( 7 ) unk. 0.1 20 - - 2 ( 12 ) - - - - GC/FID OD - 515
- - - - - i.v. - - 4 ( 0,5 ) unk. 8 24 2 mg - 7 ( 10 ) - - - - GC/FID OD - 515
- - - - - p.o. - - 8 ( 18 ) unk. 0.4 - 10 mg 13 7 ( 66 ) - - - - GC/FID OD - 515
- - - - 1/2 h i.v. - 1 8 unk. - 2 - - 16 - - - - GC/FID OD - 515
179
Vitreous
[mg/l]
- - - - - p.o. - - 9 ( 8 ) unk. 1.1 150 10 mg - 5 ( 11 ) - - - - GC/FID MDOD Co(to),Ag(to) 515

- - - - - p.o. - 0.5 20 ( 30 ) unk. 0.7 - - - 10 ( 15 ) - - - - GC/FID OD - 515
Meprobamate T1/2: 6-17 h Vd: 0,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 5-10 / 2-26 Toxic: 10-25 / 60-100
- - - - - p.o. - 1.9 88 unbek. - 19 53 mg/l - 188 125 - - - GC/FID OD - 352
26W - - - - p.o. - 1.3 88,2 unk. - 134.1 800 mg/kg - 109.3 107.2 - 37.8 - GC/NPD MDOD H(to) 357
- - - - ~3 h p.o. - 1.4 175 unk. - 200 3 g/l - 133 250 - - - GC/FID OD - 352
51W - - - ~28 h p.o. 38 g - 180 unk. - - 25 g - 300 500 - 140 - - OD - 244
- - - - - p.o. - - 194 unk. - 448 3,4 g - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 352
35M 175 cm - ~5d - p.o. 3,6g - 204,6 unk. - 236.9 1079 mg 696.7 255.1 285.4 - 118.3 385.9 GC/FID OD - 275
45M - - - ~8 h p.o. - - 205 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 35
- - - - - p.o. - 0.5 330 unk. - 480 - 220 600 550 - - - GC/FID OD - 352
Mercury T1/2: 24 d Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,0015-0,005 / <0,08 Toxic: 0,05-0,2 / >0,2
- - - - - s.c. - - - - - 2.1 - - 86 337 - - - AAS OD - 114
48W - - - 8d p.o. - - 0,8 unk. - - - - 33.2 46.7 - 1.1 - - OD - 293
- - - - - dermal - - 1,7 unk. - 5.9 - - - - - - - AAS OD - 114
- - - - - dermal - - 2,1 unk. - 0.7 - - 75.1 19.1 - 0.7 - AAS OD - 114
- - - - - p.o. - - 22 unk. - - - - 56 136 - 3 - AAS OD - 114
Mesoridazine T1/2: 2-9 h Vd: 3-6 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,15-1 / 1,18-3,52 Toxic: 3-5 / -
54W - 59 kg - 1d p.o. 2,5 g - 3 unk. - - - - 114 17 - - - - OD - 142
21W - 63 kg - 7h p.o. 8g - 4 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 142
23W - 70 kg - ~6h p.o. 5-10g - 16 antemortem - - - - - - - - - - OD - 569
Methadone Metabolite: N-demethylmethadone T1/2: 15-55 h Vd: 4-5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-0,5 / 0,075-1,1 Toxic: 0,2 / 0,2-2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.2 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.1 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.5 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.6 - 37 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.0 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.2 - 25 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.2 - 35 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.0 - 50 - - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.5 - 52 - - RIA OD - 610
26M - - - - p.o. - 1.1 - - - - - 13 9 2.8 - 0.9 - RIA OD - 358
21M - - - - p.o. - - 0,0 ( 0,0 ) unk. - 3,8 ( 2,4 ) 0,77 mg 2,0 ( 24 ) 2,3 ( 0,3 ) 1,2 ( 0,6 ) - - - GC/FID OD - 182
18M - - - - p.o. - - 0,08 ( 0,0 ) unk. - 16,6 ( 5,6 ) 3,03 mg 5,0 ( 12 ) 2,5 ( 0,02 ) 1,9 ( 0,6 ) - - - GC/FID OD Am(th) 182
21M - - - - p.o. - - 0,14 ( 0,0 ) unk. - 1,1 ( 0,7 ) 0,46 mg 1,3 ( 45 ) 0,7 ( 0,07 ) 0,5 ( 0,2 ) - 0.3 - GC/FID MDOD Ba(to),Co,Ag 182
18M - - - ~7 h p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - 6.3 2,8 mg/kg - - - - - - GC OD - 509
28M - - - - p.o. - - - 0.43 - 11.8 - - 0.7 - - - - HPLC OD - 146
17M - - - ~9 h p.o. 280 mg - 0,5 unk. - 2 8,2 mg/kg - - - - - - GC OD - 509
20M - - - - i.v. - - 0,6 unk. - - - 3.8 2.7 1.3 - 1.1 - RIA OD - 358
19W - - - ~1 h p.o. - - 0,8 unk. - - - 7 3.5 6 - 1.3 - RIA OD - 358
24M - - - - p.o. - - 0,9 unk. - - - 2.9 5 3.5 - 0.7 - RIA OD Ba(th),Mp(th) 358
24M - - - ~1 h i.v. - - 0,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD H(to) 509
- - - - - - - - 1.0 - - - - 7.0 6.0 8.0 82 2.0 - RIA OD - 610

22M - - - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - - - 10 4.8 2.8 - 1.2 - RIA OD - 358
24M - - - - p.o. - 0.1 1,2 unk. - - - 6 2.5 1.6 - 0.8 - RIA OD - 358
46W - - - - p.o. - - 1,3 ( 0,0 ) unk. - 5,0 ( 2,0 ) 5 mg 1,1 ( 6,1 ) 1.6 1,5 ( 0,7 ) - 0.8 - GC/FID OD Sy(to) 182
31M - - - - p.o. - - 1,31 ( 0,04 ) unk. 32.8 9,6 ( 12,1 ) 0,37 mg 3,4 ( 26,8 ) 5,8 ( 1,5 ) 4,3 ( 3,1 ) - - - GC/FID OD Ba(th) 182
30M 182 cm 72 kg - - i.v. - - - 1.4 - - - - - - - - - - OD B(th) 246
- - - - - - - - 1.4 - - - - 5.5 1.2 2.6 50 0.4 - RIA OD - 610
33M - - - - i.v. - - 1,4 ( 0,27 ) unk. 5.2 - - 3,0 ( 15 ) 9,1 ( 2,1 ) 11 ( 2,4 ) - - - GC/FID OD Ba(th) 182
28M - 157 kg - - p.o. - - 1,8 unk. - - - 18 7.8 5.1 - 1.4 - RIA OD H(to) 358
21W - - - - p.o. - 0.4 - 2.51 - 9 - - 3.4 - - - - HPLC OD - 146
Methamphetamine Metabolite: Amphetamine T1/2: 6-15 h Vd: 3-7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,05 / 0,01-0,05 Toxic: 0,2-1 / 0,6-5
45M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 26 mg - 21 28.4 - 28 - GC/FTD OD - 177
21M - - - - i.v. - - - ( 0,1 ) unk. - 1 - - 0,6 ( 0,2 ) 1 - 0.2 - GC/FID OD M(th) 107
20M - - - - i.v. - - 0,1 unk. - - - - 0.7 - - 0.3 - GC/FID OD - 107
21M - - - - i.v. - - 0,6 ( 0,5 ) unk. 1.2 - - - 0,4 ( 0,3 ) 0.2 - 0.8 - GC/FID OD - 107
23M - - 10 h - p.o. - - 0,7 unk. - - 17 mg/l - 3.9 2.9 - 0.9 - GC/FTD OD - 177
32M - - - - i.v. - - 1,2 unk. - 45.6 - - 1.7 1.4 - 4.3 - GC/FTD OD - 177
29W - - - - i.v. - - 1,3 unk. - - - - 19.9 4.2 - 16.2 - GC/FTD OD - 177
30M - - - - p.o. - - 1,7 unk. - 19.8 91,2 mg/l - 2.7 2.5 - - - GC/FTD OD - 177
22W - - - - i.v. - - 3,3 unk. - 174.6 - - 11.3 7.5 - 8.7 3.6 GC/MS OD - 213
33W - - - - p.o. - - 4 unk. - - - - 19.1 23.7 - 2.7 - GC/FTD OD - 177
45W - - - - i.v. - - 4,6 unk. - 44.8 - - 14.3 14.8 - 12.2 6.9 GC/MS OD - 213
40M - - - - p.o. - - 6,4 unk. - 398.4 - - 43.9 28.5 - 36.9 - GC/FTD OD - 177
26M 174 cm 55 kg 23h ~7h p.o. - 0.5 6.5 - - 104 5,8 mg - 44 15.1 - 20.1 - GC/MS OD - 263
22M - - 14h 4h p.o. - - 8,3 ( 0,3 ) unk. 27.7 - 44 mg - 14,1 ( 0,6 ) 14,6 ( 0,5 ) - 14,9 ( 0,6 ) 6,8 ( 0,2 ) GC/MS OD - 301
29M - - - - p.o. - - 13,1 unk. - - - - 19.8 16.1 - 20.9 9.7 GC/MS OD - 213
25M - - - - p.o. - - 21 unk. - 134.3 - - 104 21.3 - 20.7 14.5 GC/MS OD - 213
19M - - - 5h p.o. - - 40 unk. - - - - 206 87 - 144 - GC/FID OD - 105
25W 149 cm 41 kg 7h ~5h i.v./p.o. ~1,65 g - 43 ( 0,35 ) unk. 123 277,5 ( 10 ) 11,6 mg - 174,7 ( 1,3 ) 75,5 ( 0,7 ) - 101,8 ( 0,9 ) 47,7 ( 0,4 ) GC/MS OD - 302
27M - - - - p.o. 1-2 g - 65,7 ( 0,7 ) 53,7 ( 0,43 ) 94 375,6 ( 5,1 ) 514,3 mg/l 353,7 ( 3,3 ) 90,9 ( 0,9 ) - 45,8 ( 0,6 ) - - GC/MS OD B(th),Mt(th) 342
35M - - - - p.o. - - 68 ( 0,12 ) unk. 567 23 - - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Cc(to) 39
Methanol Metabolite: Formic acid T1/2: 2-24 h Vd: 0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 200 / 200
51M - - - - p.o. - - 230 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
49M - - 3h 44 h p.o. - - 280 ( 680 ) antemortem 0.4 - - - - ( 18 ) - ( 45 ) - - - GC/FID OD - 209
44M - - - - p.o. - - 410 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 6
M - - - - p.o. - - 416 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
54M - - - - p.o. - - 570 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
41M - - - - p.o. - - 720 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
30M - - - - p.o. - - 730 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
34M - - - - p.o. - - 768 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
33M - - - - p.o. - - 837 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
49M - - - - p.o. - - 1060 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
M - - - - p.o. - - 1306 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
44M - - - ~40 h p.o. - - 1420 unk. - - 73 mg 1750 1070 1300 1730 1590 1120 GC/FID OD - 601
45M - - - - p.o. - - 1597 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
32M - - 5h 82 h p.o. ~500 ml - 1760 ( 602 ) antemortem 2.9 - - - 55,8 ( 9 ) 66,6 ( 4980 ) 120 450 - GC/FID OD - 209
35W - - - - p.o. - - 2070 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
50M - - - - p.o. - - 2208 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
55M - - - - p.o. - - 2470 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
28M - - - - p.o. - - 2680 - - - - - - - - - - SPF OD - 548
54W - - 20 h 55 h p.o. ~500 ml - 4600 ( 302 ) antemortem 15.2 - - - - ( 61 ) - ( 29 ) - - - GC/FID OD - 209
Methapyrilene T1/2: 1,1-2,1 h Vd: 2,1-6,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1 Toxic: 4 / -
181
Vitreous
[mg/l]
38W - - - - p.o. - - 9 unk. - 200 900 mg/kg - 82 52 - - - UV/SPF MDOD Ag(to) 6

27W - - - - p.o. - - 12 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD Ag(th) 586
36M - - - - p.o. - 1.9 20 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 586
21W - - - - p.o. - - 27 unk. - - - - 25 - - - - GLC OD - 586
45M - - - - p.o. - 1.1 30 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD Ag(th) 586
Methocarbamol T1/2: 1,2-2,2 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 25- 40/ 26-41 Toxic: 250 / -
31M - - - - p.o. - 1.4 257 - - 255 3700 mg 927 459 83 - - - GLC OD - 162
37W 164 cm 55 kg - - p.o. - 1.4 525 unk. - 575 3,4 g - - - - - - GLC OD Ag(th) 268
Methyl bromide T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
42M - - ~6 d ~3 d inhalation - - 136 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 262
M - - - ~1 h inhalation - - 148 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 178
4-Methyl-Aminorex T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
37M - - - - p.o. - - 21,3 unk. - 12.3 - - - - - - - GC/MS OD B(th) 120
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: -0,4 Toxic: 1,5 / -
35M - - - - p.o. - - 2,3 unk. - 175 0,25 mg 7 11 - - - - UV/SPF OD - 348
17W - - - - p.o. - - 10 unk. - - 1,7 mg - 13 18 - 10 - GC/FID OD Ba(to) 463
24M 187 cm 77 kg - 8h p.o. 850 mg - 10 unk. - 168 - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD H(th) 439
Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) Metabolite: MDA T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,2 / - Toxic: -
19M - - 29 h ~8 h p.o. 1,3 g - 22 ( 0,34 ) 12 ( 0,32 ) 38 201 52 mg/kg 19 30 15 - 28 - GC/MS OD - 575
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Metabolite: MDA T1/2: 7,6 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-0,35 / - Toxic: 0,35-0,5 / -
22M 173 cm 75 kg 36h - p.o. - - - 0,43 ( 0,25 ) 1.7 14,3 ( 1,8 ) - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Am(to) 104
21M - - - - p.o. - - 2,1 ( 8,5 ) - 0.2 - 96 mg/l - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Am(le) 167
35M - - - - p.o. - 2.1 10.9 2.8 - - - - 20.2 - - 13.7 - GC/FID OD - 489
20M - - - - insuffl. - - 2,9 ( 1,6 ) unk. 1.8 529 ( 26 ) - 73 ( 1,7 ) 6,4 ( 0,7 ) - 1,9 ( 0,24 ) - - GC/MS MDOD Cc(to),M(th) 389
23M 186 cm 100 kg 28 h - p.o. - - 7,6 ( 0,27 ) 3,1 ( 0,09 ) 34.4 170,9 ( 4 ) 118 mg/kg 14,2 ( 0,3 ) 26,2 ( 1,2 ) 12,1 ( 2,7 ) 3,4 ( 0,06 ) 17,4 ( 0,3 ) 4,5 ( 0,14 ) LC/MS OD - 128
26W - - - - p.o. - - - 18.5 - - - - 39.7 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 339
4-Methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
22M - - 2d ~14 h p.o. - - - 4.6 - 87.2 - - - - - - - HPLC-DAD OD - 152
27M - - 2d - p.o. - - 8.2 5.2 - 95.5 - 36.4 30.8 2.9 1.3 34.5 5.8 LC/MS OD Am(to) 129
Methyprylon T1/2: 7-11 h Vd: 0,6-1,5 l/kg Therapeutic: <10-20 / 5-15 Toxic: 12-75 / 30-60
34M - - - ~13 h p.o. - - 117 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 35
Metoprolol T1/2: 2,5-7,5 h Vd: 2,5-5,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,035-0,5 / 0,03-0,27 Toxic: 0,65 / -
49W - - - >10h p.o. - 0.3 4,7 unk. - 194 - 254 6.3 7.1 3.3 - - HPLC OD Ag(th) 533
57M - - - - p.o. - 2.5 20 unk. - 1.6 89 mg 83 - - 15 - - GC/MS MDOD Et 485
17W - - - ~3h p.o. - - 56 unk. - - - 276 230 - 42 - - GC/NPD OD Ag(to) 227
26M - - - 2-3h p.o. 10g - 75 unk. - 1 79,9 mg - 159.7 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 473
16W - - - - p.o. - 1.6 75 unk. - - 215 mg - 215 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 394
Mexiletine T1/2: 8-17 h Vd: 6-12 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,7-2 / 0,5-2 Toxic: 2,5 / -
25M - - - - p.o. - - 44.8 10 - - 1464 mg - 171.6 - 8.6 84 - GC/FID OD Pa(th) 490
Midazolam T1/2: 1-4 h Vd: 1,0-2,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,04-0,1 / 0,08-0,25 Toxic: 1-1,5 / -
63M - - - ~2 d i.v. 10 mg - - 2.4 - 1.8 - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 386
Moclobemide T1/2: 1-3 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,5-1,5 / 3 Toxic: 11 / -
-
51W - - - p.o. - - 49.9 - - - - 79.7 81.4 - 56.7 - GC/MS MDOD Perazine 397
32M 167cm 58 kg - - p.o. - - 9,35 unk. - - - - 39.1 - - - - - MDOD Paroxetine 519
23M - - - - p.o. - - 13 unk. - - - - 25 - - - - - MDOD Sertraline 519
29M - - - - p.o. - - 2,1 unk. - - 67 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Cc(to) 279
33W - - - - p.o. - - 5.7 - - - - - - - 6.9 - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 279
32M 167 cm 58 kg - - p.o. - - 9,4 unk. - - 137 mg - 39.1 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 279
23M - - - - p.o. - - 13 unk. - - 10,7 mg - 25 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 279
56W - - - - p.o. - - 13,8 unk. - 39.3 - - - - - - - HPLC/PDA MDOD A(to),H(to) 179
43W - - - - p.o. 4,5 g - 15,5 unk. - 323.7 - - 44.7 57.3 - - - HPLC/PDA OD - 179
33M 170 cm 61 kg - ~4 h p.o. - - 18,5 subclavian blood - - 77 mg - 28.5 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 522
22M - - 24 h - p.o. - - - 21 - - - 144 28 - 11 - - HPLC MDOD A(th),N(th) 375
51W - - - - p.o. - - - 49.9 - - - - 79.7 81.4 - 56.7 - GC/MS MDOD N(to) 395
48W 153 cm 61 kg - - p.o. - - 137 unk. - - - - 432 - - - - GC/NPD OD B(th) 72
Morphine Metabolite: Morphine-3-glucuronide T1/2: 1,3-6,7 h Vd: 2-5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,1 / 0,1 Toxic: 0,1 / -
- - - - - - - - - - - 25 - 1.75 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.05 - RIA OD - 610
29M - - - - nasal - 0.4 - - - - - 0.14 0.11 0.36 - - - RIA MDOD Ba(to) 455
20M - - - - i.v. - - - - - 0.8 - 0.35 0.4 0.95 - 0.4 - RIA OD - 455
45M - - - - i.v. - - - - - 42 - - 0.6 - - - - GC/FID MDOD Ba(to) 155
21W - - - - i.v. - 0.3 - - - 61 - - 0.9 - - - - GC/FID OD - 155
50M - - - - i.v. - - - - - 50 - - 2 - - - 1 GC/FID OD - 155
21M - - - - i.v. - - - - - - - - 18 - - - 2 GC/FID OD - 155
M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - 111 - 4.2 - 0.25 - - OD Cf(le) 224
22M - - - - i.v. - - trace - 18 - - 1 - - - - GC/FID MDOD Pr(to),Ba(th) 155
24M - - - ~24h i.v. - - 0,021 unk. - 0.21 0,01 mg/l 0.09 0.07 0.01 0.35 0.01 0.01 GC/NPD OD - 277
23M - - - ~12 h nasal - - 0,04 unk. - 0.28 0,4 mg/kg 0.08 0.3 0.06 - - - RIA OD - 455
- - - - - - - - 0.05 - - 15 - 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 - RIA OD - 610
25M - - - - i.v. - 0.2 0,06 unk. - 6.55 0,02 mg/l 0.25 0.29 1.18 - 0.09 - GC/NPD OD - 277
31M - - - - i.v. 100 mg - 0,07 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 82
- - - - - i.v. - 2.6 0.08 - - 0.66 - - 0.09 0.36 - 0.09 - GC/MS OD - 197
- - - - - i.v. - - 0,1 unk. - 1.4 - 1.8 3.6 3.3 - - - GC OD - 402
8W - 37 kg - - p.o. - - 0,13 unk. - - 2,3 mg 135 - - - - - GC/MS OD - 448
- - - - - - - - 0.15 - - - - - 0.10 0.15 0.03 0.10 - RIA OD - 610
27M - - - - i.v. - 0.6 - 0,15 ( 0,36 ) 0.4 1,2 ( 2,2 ) - - - - 0,06 ( 0,15 ) - - LC/MS OD - 56
26M - 75 kg - ~1 h nasal - 0.2 0,15 unk. - 3.9 0,2 mg/kg 1.1 0.4 0.55 - - - RIA OD - 455
36M - - - - i.v. - - 0,17 unk. - 0.83 0,1 mg/l 0.36 0.23 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.04 GC/NPD OD - 277
- - - - - - - - 0.20 - - - - 0.40 0.25 0.25 0.08 0.05 - RIA OD - 610
23M - - - - nasal - - 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
24M - - - - i.v. - - 0,2 unk. - 38 - - 0.4 - - - - GC/FID OD - 155
24M - - - - i.v. - - 0,2 unk. - 57 - - 0.4 - - - 0.3 GC/FID OD - 155
20W - - - - i.v. - - 0,2 unk. - - - - 1.1 - - - 0.3 GC/FID OD - 155
- - - - - i.v. - 0.3 0,2 unk. - - - 18.2 1.2 1 - - - GC OD - 402
- - - - - i.v. - 0.6 0,2 unk. - 0.5 - 14.1 1.4 0.8 - - - GC OD - 402
- - - - - i.v. - 1.5 0.21 - - 0.22 - - 0.22 0.48 - 0.11 - GC/MS OD B(to) 197
- - - - - - - - 0.25 - - - - 0.65 0.75 1.15 0.08 0.05 - RIA OD - 610
31M - - - - - - 3.1 - 0,27 ( 0,13 ) 2.1 - - - - - 0,02 ( 0,04 ) - - LC/MS OD - 56
44M - - - - p.o. - - 0.68 0.27 - - - 5.7 - - 0.17 - - GC/MS OD - 579
46M - - - - i.v. - 0.5 0,3 unk. - 42 - - 0.9 - - - 0.4 GC/FID OD Ba(th) 155
- - - - - i.v. - - 0,3 unk. - - - 67.8 1.1 1.4 - - - GC OD - 402
30M - - - ~1h p.o. 190 mg 3.2 0,35 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 82
20W - - - - i.v. - - 0,4 unk. - 14 - - 0.6 - - - 0.1 GC/FID OD - 155
21M - - - - i.v. - - 0,4 unk. - 81 - - 1.3 - - - 1.3 GC/FID OD - 155
- - - - - i.v. - 1.4 0,5 unk. - - - - 0.8 2.5 - - - GC OD Mt(th) 402
23W - - - 1h i.v. - - - 0,52 ( 0,3 ) 1.7 0,9 ( 10 ) - - - - 0,2 ( 0,25 ) - - LC/MS OD - 56
- - - - - - - - 0.60 - - 11 - 0.05 0.73 0.25 0.08 0.33 - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 0.60 - - - - 1.5 0.85 1.1 0.04 0.5 - RIA OD - 610
45W 177 cm 69 kg 3d - i.v. - 0.1 1,7 ( 2,4 ) 0,6 ( 0,1 ) 6 2.5 1,4 mg/kg - 2,3 ( 14,9 ) 2.5 - 0.5 1.1 LC/MS MDOD Ag(to),Mr(to) 294
183
Vitreous
[mg/l]
23M - - - - p.o. - 0.3 0,6 pleural - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD Cc(th) 579

46M - - - - i.v. - 1 0,68 unk. - 0.49 - 0.32 - - 0.06 - - RIA OD - 596
- - - - - - - - 0.80 - - 20 - 9.0 1.8 2.0 0.05 0.6 - RIA OD - 610
32M - - - - i.v. - - 0,8 unk. - 6.69 0,03 mg/l 1.25 1.42 1.07 - 0.1 - GC/NPD OD - 277
- - - - - i.v. - 1.1 0,9 unk. - 1.9 - 23.4 1.5 2.9 - - - GC OD B(th) 402
36W - - - - p.o. - 2.4 0,9 unk. - - 2,2 mg 130 2.3 - - - - GC/MS MDOD Et 356
21M - - - - p.o. - - - 0.99 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
- - - - - - - - 1.00 - - - - 3.0 2.4 3.5 0.11 1.0 - RIA OD - 610
18M - - - - i.v. - - 1,0 unk. - - - - 2 - - - - GC/FID OD - 155
40M - - - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - 3.7 0,43 mg/kg - - - - - - HPLC OD - 494
42M - - ~9h - i.v. - - 0.8 1.4 - 0.44 1,2 mg/l - 1.44 1.79 - 0.34 0.74 GC/MS MDOD Am(to) 392
- - - - - - - - 1.70 - - - - 0.95 4.50 7.00 n.d. 0.20 - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - i.v. - 1.0 1,8 unk. - - - 2.3 2.9 2.8 - - - GC OD - 402
- - - - - - - - 1.90 - - 17 - 0.10 3.80 0.85 0.14 0.30 - RIA OD - 610
22M - - - - i.v. - - 2,3 unk. - 66 - - 3.2 - - - - GC/FID OD - 155
23M - - - - i.v. - - 2,8 unk. - 17 - - 3.1 - - - - GC/FID MDOD Ko(le),Ba(le) 155
- - - - - - - - 3.50 - - - - 0.20 1.70 3.00 0.10 1.00 - RIA OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 4.20 - - 156 - 0.38 2.60 3.80 0.12 0.78 - RIA OD - 610
37M - - - - p.o. - - 4.4 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
37M - - - - p.o. - - 6,4 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 237
44M 183 cm 89 kg - - i.v. - - 8,0 unk. - - - - 6 - - 2 - GC/MS OD Co(to) 111
30M - - - - p.o. - - 9,6 thoracic blood - - - - - - - - - - OD - 237
44W - - - - p.o. - - 6.7 11.7 - - - 270 - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
24M - - - - p.o. - - 35,8 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
35M - - - - p.o. - - 39.4 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD B(th),Cc(th) 579
39M - - - - p.o. - 0.2 52.6 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 579
49W 155 cm 84 kg - - p.o. - - 120 - - - - 818 63 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Cf(le),Co(le),M(le) 255
Nefopam T1/2: 3-8 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,01-0,1 / - Toxic: 4 / -
37W - - 7-10 d - i.v. - - 4.4 - - - - - 59.1 14.6 - - - HPLC OD - 558
30W - - - ~20 h p.o. - - 11,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 436
Nicotine T1/2: 24-84 min. Vd: 1 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,005-0,02 / 0,004-0,44 Toxic: 0,4-1 / -
45W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 5,5 g - 180 590 - - - SPF OD - 204
77M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 10,2 g - 364 287 - - - SPF OD - 204
23W - - - 0,5 h i.v. 490 mg - 6 unk. - - 0,2 mg - 15 17 - 10 12 SPF OD - 307
44W - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - - 15 mg - 4 10 - 8 - SPF OD - 204
58W - - - - p.o. - - 27 unk. - - 9,5 g - 390 350 - 280 - SPF OD - 204
55M - - - - p.o. - - 29 unk. - 7 2g - 88 68 - 57 - SPF OD - 204
56M - - - - p.o. - - 49 unk. - - 24,4 g - - - - 82 - SPF OD - 204
10M - - - - p.o. - - 50 unk. - - 0,7 g - 100 240 - 123 - SPF OD - 204
57M - - - - p.o. - - 54 unk. - - 22 g - 580 - - 293 - SPF OD - 204
27M - - - - p.o. - - 62 unk. - - 16,6 g - 160 130 - 90 - SPF OD - 204
69M - - - - p.o. - - 64 unk. - - 5g - 380 - - 73 - SPF OD - 204
27M - - - 0,25 h p.o. - - 67 unk. - - 5,3 g - 176 - - - - SPF OD Et 204
10M - - - - p.o. - - 120 unk. - - 2,6 mg - 18 66 - 41 - SPF OD - 204

6M - - - - p.o. - - 120 unk. - - 18,9 mg - 38 34 - 65 - SPF OD - 204
54M - - - - i.v. - - 140 subclavian blood - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 517
41M - - - - p.o. - - 150 unk. - 9 24,5 g - 120 140 - 110 - SPF OD - 204
46M - - - - p.o. - - 150 unk. - 10 9,8 g - 164 - - - - SPF OD - 204
55W - - - - p.o. - - 210 unk. - - 24 g - 450 360 - 550 - SPF OD - 204
36W - - - - p.o. - - 210 unk. - - 8,4 g - 1280 360 - 910 - SPF OD - 204
35M - - - - p.o. - - 226 unk. - 34 90 g - 1280 - - 230 - SPF OD Et 204
55M - - - - p.o. - - 290 unk. - - 9g - 760 590 - 1040 - SPF OD - 204
60M - - - - p.o. - - 440 unk. - - 19,7 g - 20 - - 30 - SPF OD - 204
48M - - - - p.o. - - 590 unk. - - 45,1 g - 670 440 - 650 - SPF OD - 204
45M - - - - p.o. - - 600 unk. - - 10,4 g - 680 940 - 1910 - SPF OD - 204
39M - - - - p.o. - - 1050 unk. - - 155 g - 2270 1070 - 320 - SPF OD - 204
55M - - - - p.o. - - 5800 unk. - - 80 g - 1160 1126 - 1125 - SPF OD - 204
Nifedipine T1/2: 3-4 h Vd: 1,2 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,025-0,1 / 0,015-0,16 Toxic: ~0,15 / -
21M - - 36 h ~1 h i.v. - - 0,15 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD B(th) 454
19M - - 36 h ~1 h i.v. - - 0,17 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 454
1W - 12 kg - - p.o. 10 mg - 0,27 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 425
Nitrazepam T1/2: 17-48 h Vd: 2-5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,1 / - Toxic: 0,2-3 / -
40W - - - - p.o. - 0.2 - - - 10 - - 1.5 - - - - GLC OD - 192
88M - - - ~1 h p.o. - - 0,17 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD Ba(th) 64
83W - - - ~8 h p.o. - - 0,65 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD Ag(th) 64
75M - - 2d 1d p.o. - - 1,2 unk. - - - - 0.7 0.7 - 0.4 - GLC OD - 192
26M 178 cm - - - p.o. - 0.2 1,7 unk. - 2.8 127 mg/kg - 7.1 2.3 - 3.2 1.6 HPLC MDOD Ba(le),Co(th) 549
Nomifensin T1/2: 3-5 h Vd: 5,4-8,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,1 / - Toxic: 8-10 / -
23W - - - - p.o. - 0.5 17 unk. - 400 5,8 g/kg - 32 141 - - - UV OD - 467
Nortriptyline T1/2: 15-90 h Vd: 20-57 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,2 / 0,05-0,375 Toxic: 0,5 / 0,5
26M - - - - p.o. - - - 1 - 3.4 1,4 mg 6.1 - - - - - GC MDOD N(to) 477
38W - - - - p.o. - - - 2.6 - - 9,4 mg 28.5 - - - - - GC OD - 477
31M - - - - p.o. - - 86.4 7.2 - - 81 mg - 253 - - 97.2 - HPLC OD - 487
Olanzapine T1/2: 21-54 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,02-0,03 / 0,009-0,023 Toxic: 1 / -
63M - - - - p.o. - - 0,24 unk. - - 17,4 g/l - - - - - - HPLC OD - 190
38M - - - - p.o. - - 0,68 unk. - - 0,2 mg/l - - - - - - HPLC OD - 190
Opipramol Metabolite: Deshydroxyethylopipramol T1/2: 6-12 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-0,5 / - Toxic: 2-3 / -
33M 170 cm 61 kg - - p.o. 5g - 10 unk. - 20 6 g/kg - 440 117 - 103 - UV/SPF OD - 19
27W 165 cm 95 kg 96 h ~3 h p.o. - 2.2 29,6 ( 5,2 ) 12.5 5.7 19,1 ( 4,7 ) ( 4,8 mg/L) - 260,7 ( 50,6 ) 69,6 ( 11,8 ) - 113,5 ( 5,1 ) 9,1 (1,5 ) HPLC OD - 523
Orphenadrine T1/2: 13-20 h Vd: 4,3-7,8 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-0,2 / 0,03-0,85 Toxic: 1,7 / 2
19M - - - ~2,5h p.o. - - 18,1unk. - 7 142 mg - 242 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 581
29M - - - - p.o. - 0.8 - - - - - - 170 - - - - GLC OD - 53
24W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - 1,6 g/kg - 340 - - - - GLC OD - 53
28W - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 410 - - - - GLC OD - 53
46W - - - 3h p.o. - - - 5.5 - 33 23 mg 234 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
26M - - - - p.o. - - - 6 - 67 1,86 g - 110 105 - - - GC/FID OD - 479
24M - - - - p.o. - - - 7 - 3 520 mg - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
42W - - - - p.o. - - 8,0 unk. - 91 - - 410 - - - - GLC OD - 53
34W - - - - p.o. - - - 14 - 53 50 mg 85 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
17M - - - - p.o. - - - 16.5 - 4.9 44 mg 127 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
25M - - - - p.o. - - - 18 - 85.3 11 mg - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
19M - - - - p.o. - - 18,1 unk. - 7 1452 mg - 242 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 551
25W - - 48 h ~3 d p.o. - - 21 unk. - - 40 mg - 8 - - - - GLC OD - 125
26W - - - 1,5 h p.o. - - - 33 - - 105 mg 202 23 20 - 3.3 - GC/FID OD - 479
43M - - - - p.o. - - - 37 - 122 7,5 g 102 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
27W - - - 5h p.o. - 2.5 - 55 - 16 48 mg - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 479
185
Vitreous
[mg/l]
29M - - - - p.o. - - 76 unk. - 8.5 11 g/kg - 230 - - - - GLC OD - 53

38M - - - - p.o. - - 183 - - 331 - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD N(to) 176
Oxprenolol T1/2: 2-3 h Vd: 1,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,3 / - Toxic: 2-3 / -
57W - - - ~2 h p.o. 4g - 10 unk. - - 1,1 g - 230 - - 71 - - OD - 270
22M - - - - p.o. ~21 g - - 30.2 - - 27,3 mg/l - 85.2 86.3 - 70 32.8 GC/FID OD - 355
Oxycodone T1/2: 4-6 h Vd: 1,8-3,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,05 / 0,01-0,1 Toxic: 0,2 / 0,2-5
50W 157 cm 70 kg - - p.o. - - 0.82 0.59 - 5.4 700 mg - 0.57 - 0.82 - - GC/MS MDOD A(th),Ah(to),H(to) 14
23W - 58 kg - - rectal - - - 0.6 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Am(to),B(th) 147
34M - 95 kg ~12 h - - - - - 0.6 - - - - 0.4 - - - - GC/MS MDOD B(th) 147
21M 185 cm 135 kg - - p.o. - 0.3 0.5 0.61 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 14
24M - 116 kg ~10 h - rectal - - - 0.7 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD B(to),N(th) 147
21W - 86 kg ~10 h - - - - - 0.7 - - - - 0.8 - - - - GC/MS MDOD B(to),Ag(th) 147
49W - 72 kg - - - - - - 0.7 - - - - 1.4 - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(th),Hm(th),B(th) 147
45M 191 cm 87 kg - - p.o. - - 0.75 - - 22 615 mg 5 5.8 - 0.51 - - GC/MS MDOD N(to),Ca(th) 14
31M 183 cm 75 kg - - p.o. - - 0.91 0.98 - 32 0,5 mg 11 2 - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(to),Pr(to) 14
57W - 60 kg ~10 h - - - 1.7 - 1.0 - - 2 mg - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Hm(th),A(th),B(th) 147
50M 185 cm 114 kg - - p.o. - - 0.6 1.1 - - 740 mg - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 14
37M - 60 kg - - rectal - - - 1.2 - - - - - - 1.8 - - GC/MS MDOD B(th) 147
28M - 65 kg - ~4 h rectal - - - 1.2 - - - - 1.9 - - - - GC/MS MDOD B(to) 147
46W 160 cm 89 kg - - p.o. - - 1.5 1.2 - - 3,5 mg 16 1.8 2.8 - - - GC/MS MDOD A(to),Mr(to) 14
37M 175 cm 63 kg - - p.o. - - 1.4 - - - 200 mg - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(to) 14
44W - 45 kg - - - - 2.3 - 1.4 - - - - 3.6 - - - - GC/MS MDOD B(to),A(th),Pr(th) 147
47W 157 cm 89 kg - - p.o. - - 5.4 1.4 - 2.5 900 mg 49 6.1 - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(th),Ca(th),H(th) 14
37W 173 cm 120 kg - - p.o. - - 1.2 1.5 - - - 23 1.6 - 0.25 - - GC/MS OD - 14
44W 163 cm 90 kg - - p.o. - - 1.7 1.5 - - 200 mg 6.4 0.53 - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(th),H(to),N(to) 14
34W 160 cm 60 kg - - p.o. - - 2 1.9 - - 80 mg - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD A(th),H(th),Ah(th) 14
34M 178 cm 86 kg - - p.o. - - 0.95 2.2 - 122 50 mg 3.9 1.4 - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ah(to),At(th),H(th) 14
50W 160 cm 104 kg - - p.o. - 0.2 1.8 3 - - 9 mg - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 14
40M 178 cm 85 kg - - p.o. - - 10.6 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Mr(th),Mp(th),Cc 14
64M 173 cm 95 kg - - p.o. - 0.3 14 13 - - - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD H(to),Pr(th) 14
Pancuronium T1/2: 1,9-2,2 h Vd: 0,28 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-0,6 / 0,09-0,22 Toxic: 0,4 / -
30M 188 cm 73 kg - - i.v. 10 mg - 1,6 unk. - 1.5 - - - - - - - UV/SPF MDOD Ba(th),N(th) 440
Paraldehyde T1/2: 3-10 h Vd: 0,9 l/kg Therapeutic: 10-100 / 20-332 Toxic: 200 / 200-400
35M - - ~12 h ~10 h p.o. - - 800 unk. - - - - - - - - - - OD Ba(th),B(th) 135
- - - - - p.o. - - 1250 unk. - 500 12 mg/l - 1850 700 - 590 - GC/FID MDOD Ba(to) 352
Paraquat T1/2: 12-120 h Vd: 1,2-1,6 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 0,05 / 0,6-3,2
63M - - - 11 d p.o. 30 ml - - - - 2.2 - - - 0.6 - - - SPF OD - 78
32W - - - 14 d p.o. - - - - - - - - - 0.8 - - - SPF OD - 78
58W - - - 15 d p.o. - - - - - - - - - 1.8 - - - SPF OD - 78
46W - - - 10 d p.o. - - - - - - - - 0.2 2.8 - - - SPF OD - 78
48M - - - 4d p.o. 10 ml - - - - - - - 0.3 12.6 - - - SPF OD - 78
37M - - - 11 d p.o. - - - - - - - - 1.4 1.5 - - 0.8 SPF OD - 78
23M - - - 7d p.o. - - - - - 4 - - 1.5 1.4 - - - SPF OD - 78
6M - - - 7d p.o. - - - - - - - - 2.1 1.8 - - - SPF OD - 78

19M - - - 8d p.o. - - - - - - - - 2.1 1.5 - 1.2 - SPF OD - 216
48M - - - 24 h p.o. - - - - - - 0,69 mg - 17.2 23.4 - - - SPF OD - 78
19M - - - 6d p.o. - - 0,01 unk. - - - - 1.9 4 - 2 - SPF OD - 216
19M - - - 4d p.o. - - 0,01 unk. - - - - 2.2 3 - 3 - SPF OD - 216
19M - - - 4d p.o. - - 0,01 unk. - - - - 3.2 3.2 - 2.7 - SPF OD - 216
19M - - - 3d p.o. - - 0,05 unk. - - - - 2.4 3.7 - 2.5 - SPF OD - 216
19M - - - 4d p.o. - - 0,05 unk. - - - - 2.5 3.1 - 2 - SPF OD - 216
19M - - - 6d p.o. - - 0,06 unk. - - - - 1.1 3.2 - 1.8 - SPF OD - 216
17M - - - 22 d p.o. - - 0,1 unk. - - - 4.4 0.05 0.08 - 0.09 - SPF OD - 110
21M - - - 15 d p.o. - - 0,1 unk. - 16.5 - - 4.4 8.6 - - - SPF OD - 158
51M - - - 69 h p.o. - - 0,2 unk. - 15.8 0,04 mg - 0.6 5.8 - - - SPF OD - 78
59W - - - 2d p.o. 30 ml - 0,2 unk. - - - - 1 16.7 - - - SPF OD - 78
16M - - - 21 d p.o. - - 0,34 unk. - - - - 4.4 3.5 - 6.3 - SPF OD - 110
51M - - - 3d p.o. - - 0,4 unk. - 15.8 0,04 mg - 0.6 5.8 - - - SPF OD - 79
43W - - - 6d p.o. 60 ml - 0,6 unk. - 6.3 0,46 mg - 2.9 9.8 - - - SPF OD - 78
78M - - - 2d p.o. 100 ml - 0,7 unk. - - 0,04 mg - 2.6 15.1 - - - SPF OD - 78
44M - - - 38 h p.o. 100 ml - 0,9 unk. - - - - 5.9 16.6 - - - SPF OD - 78
59M - - - 8h p.o. - - 0,97 unk. - 396 - 6.1 12.5 11.5 - 1.5 2.7 SPF OD - 110
36M - - - 52 h p.o. - - 1,2 unk. - - 0,26 mg 3 3.8 7 - - - SPF OD - 78
36M - - - 2,5 d p.o. - - 1,2 unk. - - 0,26 mg 3 3.8 7 - - - SPF OD - 79
30M - - - 22 h p.o. 500 ml - 1,4 unk. - - - - 8.8 22.5 - - - SPF OD - 78
28M - - - 33 h p.o. 100 ml - 2,6 unk. - - - - 57.6 74.4 - - - SPF MDOD A(to) 78
22M - - - 16 h p.o. 150 ml - 3,6 unk. - - 0,92 mg - 22.8 66.6 - - - SPF OD - 78
61M - - - 36 h p.o. - - 4,4 unk. - - 0,15 mg - - - - - - SPF OD - 78
61M - - - 36 h p.o. - - 4,4 unk. - - 0,15 mg - - - - - - SPF OD - 79
50M 166 cm 66 kg - - p.o. - - 5,1 unk. - 6 17,2 g/l - 4.9 80.6 - - - HPLC-DAD OD - 22
37M - - - 18 h p.o. 90 ml - 6,4 unk. - - 5,53 mg 52.6 23.6 47.2 - 1.5 11.6 SPF OD - 78
49W - - - 16 h p.o. 150 ml - 7,6 unk. - 1210 0,3 mg 210 32 34.4 - - 41.2 SPF OD - 78
39M - - - 6d p.o. - - 50 antemortem - 550 - - 1.3 10.5 - - - TLC OD - 566
59W - - - 18 h p.o. - - 52 unk. - - - 632 141 279 - 18 - SPF OD - 78
27M - - - 15 h p.o. - - 159 unk. - 1600 - - 125 237 - 13 - GC/MS OD - 465
Parathion T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: 0,01-0,05 / -
20M - - - i.v. - - 32 unk. - - 31 mg/l 142 - 22 - 66 70 - OD - 320
Paroxetine T1/2: 16-24 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: <0,01-0,05 / 0,031-0,062 Toxic: 0,35-0,4 / -
46W - - - - p.o. - - - 0.99 - 10.6 4,4 mg/l - - - - - - HPLC-DAD OD H(th) 556
42W - - - ~10 h p.o. - 2.5 3.7 2.9 - 10.5 - - 113 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 568
55W - - - - p.o. - - 4 - - - 100 mg - 110 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 568
Pentachlorophenol T1/2: 13-19 d Vd: 0,35 l/kg Therapeutic: -0,2 Toxic: 30 / -
M - - ~24 h ~18 h inhalation - - 113 unk. - - - - 94 - - 14 - TLC OD - 367
M - - ~24 h ~18 h inhalation - - 156 unk. - 520 - - 134 123 - 35 - TLC OD - 367
33M - - 3h - dermal - - 162 unk. - 29 8,2 mg/kg 1130 52 639 - - - - OD - 200
Pentazocine T1/2: 2,1-3,5 h Vd: 4,4-7,8 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,2 / 0,03-1 Toxic: 1-2 / 2-5
57W - 60 kg - - p.o. - 1.8 3,3 unk. - 4.5 278 mg/l - 34 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 442
38M - 72 kg - - p.o. - 0.2 9,2 unk. - - - - 43 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 442
56W - - - - p.o. - - 13 unk. - 13 66 mg - 40 - - - - UV MDOD A(to) 498
Pentobarbital T1/2: 20-30 h Vd: 0,5-1,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-10 / 1-3 Toxic: 10-19 / >5
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 5 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 7 10 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - 8 7 8 4 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - 10 7 7 5 - UV/SPF OD - 610
187
Vitreous
[mg/l]
- - - - - - - - 13 - - - - - 8 13 8 5 - UV/SPF OD - 610
51M - 69 kg ~1 d - peritoneal - - - 13.5 - 7.2 0,7 mg 67.4 27.5 - 12.6 33.2 - GC/MS OD - 491
- - - - - - - - 36 - - - - - 96 46 27 48 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 41 - - - - - 85 64 25 48 - UV/SPF OD - 610
20M - 90 kg ~20 h - i.v. - - 45 - - - - - 20 26 20 48 - GLC OD Ba(th) 92
32M - - - - p.o. - - 113 - - 8.3 12158 mg 114 458 190 - 100 - GC OD - 512
53M - - - - p.o. - 0.6 150 unk. - - 2,1 g - 320 63 - - - UV/SPF OD - 438
38M - - - - peritoneal - - 173 - - 445 40 mg 3480 1580 1457 - 112 - GC OD - 512
Perazine T1/2: 8-16 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,02-0,35 / - Toxic: 0,5 / -
51W - - - - p.o. - - 1.27 - - - - 0.77 0.83 - 0.39 - GC/MS MDOD Moclobemide 397
22W - - 7d - p.o. - - 9.6 - - - - - 176 64 - 32 4.1 HPLC-DAD OD - 264
Perphenazine T1/2: 8-12 h Vd: 10-35 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,001-0,02 / 0,0004-0,03 Toxic: 0,05 / 1
34W - - - - p.o. - - 4.4 3.5 - - 230 mg 40 57 23 - - - GC/NPD MDOD Vs(le),N(th) 330
Phencyclidine T1/2: 7-46 h Vd: 5,3-7,5 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 0,007-0,24 / 0,007-0,24
27M - - ~5 d - p.o. - - - - - - 150 mg - 60 - - - - GC/MS OD - 109
19M - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - 38 70 mg - 0.9 0.1 - 0.1 - GC/MS OD - 109
19W - - - - p.o. - 2.6 0,3 unk. - 0.4 0,1 mg - 2.4 - - 0.4 - GC/MS OD - 109
25M - - - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - 1.3 1 mg - 3 - - 0.5 - GC/MS OD - 109
18M - - - - p.o. - - 0,5 unk. - - - - 3 - - - - GC/MS OD - 109
- - - - - - - - 0,5 unk. - 100 4,2 mg/kg - 6 - - - - GLC OD - 468
24M - - - - p.o. - - 0,6 unk. - - - - 6.8 - - - - GC/MS OD - 109
26M - - - - inhalation - 0.2 1.5 - - 4.3 0,53 mg 2.1 4.4 2 - 2 - GLC OD - 74
15W - - - - p.o. - 0.9 1,8 unk. - - 0,7 mg - 4.3 - - 2.3 - GC/MS OD - 109
24M - - - - - - - 2 unk. - - - - 1.7 - - - - GC/MS OD - 404
- - - - - - - - 2,3 unk. - 5 6,3 mg/kg - 8 - - - - GLC OD - 468
23M - - - - p.o. - - 3,3 unk. - 48.6 52 mg - 20.5 - - 8.3 - GC/MS OD - 109
- - - - - - - - 4 unk. - - 6,5 mg/kg - 5 - - - - GLC OD - 468
28M - - - - - - - 4 unk. - - - - 6.3 - - - - GC/MS OD - 404
- - - - - - - - 5 unk. - 120 185 mg/kg 3.5 36 - - - - GLC OD - 468
26M - - - - p.o. - 0.2 12 unk. - 20 434 mg - 80 - - 32 - GC/MS OD - 109
20M - - - - - - - 19 unk. - - - - 32.7 - - - - GC/MS OD - 404
24M - - - - p.o. - - 25 - - 11 840 mg - 170 59 - - - GLC OD Cc 74
Phendimetrazine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 0,02-0,24 Toxic: -
21M 178 cm 76 kg - - p.o. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 230
38M - - ~4 d - p.o. - - 0,67 unk. - 0.32 23,7 mg/l 2 - - - - - GC/FID OD - 276
Phenelzine T1/2: 1,5-4,0 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,001-0,04 / 0,001-0,002 Toxic: 0,5 / -
27W - - - ~1 h p.o. - - 0.7 - - 4.6 - - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD M(to),Co(to),B(th) 337
38W - - - - p.o. - - 3.1 - - - 62 mg - - - - - - GC/MS MDOD Ba(le),Ag(le),Cf(le),Pa(to) 337
Phenmetrazine T1/2: 8 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,02-0,25 / 0,04-0,24 Toxic: 0,5 / -
17M - - - - i.v. - - 4 unk. - 24 - 7 5 - - - - GC/MS OD - 407
Phenobarbital T1/2: 2-6 d Vd: 0,5-0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: 10-30 / 10-40 Toxic: 30-40 / 40-60
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 10 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - 2 - - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - 2 - - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 15 - - - - - 17 15 8 18 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 23 - - - - - - - 22 - - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 23 - - - - - 63 28 19 27 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 25 - - - - - - - 8 - - UV/SPF OD - 610
Phenol T1/2: 30 min. Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: 50 / -
24M - - - ~1 h dermal - - 4,7 unk. - - - - 7.1 - - - - UV-SPF OD - 335
17M - - - ~1 h dermal - 0.3 27 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV-SPF OD - 527
43M - - - - p.o. - 0.3 56 unk. - - - - 74 - - - - UV-SPF OD - 527
27M - - - - p.o. - 0.7 60 - - 208 111 mg/l - 166 874 - 106 - GC/MS OD - 544
Phentermine T1/2: 19-24 h Vd: 3-4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,03-0,1 / 0,09-0,51 Toxic: 0,9 / -
32M 160 cm 111 kg - - p.o. - - 7,60 - 88 16 mg pos 14 16 - - - GC/NPD MDOD - 323
32M 160 cm 111 kg - - p.o. - - 7,6 unk. - 88 16 mg - 14 16 - - - GC/NPD MDOD Ba(to),H(th) 223
Phenytoin T1/2: 8-60 h Vd: 0,5-0,8 l/kg Therapeutic: 5-15 / 10-20 Toxic: 20-25 / 20-50
4,5 W - - - ~80 h p.o. - - 45 - - - - 272 112 - - - OD - 317
4W - - - 80 h p.o. 2g - 45 unk. - - - - 272 112 - 78 - - OD - 220
PMA (para-methoxyamphetamine) T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
37W - - - - p.o. - - - 0.24 - - - - 1.4 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to) 157
24M - - - - p.o. - - 0,6 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 306
19M - - - - p.o. - - 0.7 0.6 - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD Am(th) 366
19W - - - ~3 h p.o. - - 0.8 0.6 - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 366
19M - - - - p.o. - - 1,1 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD Ep(to) 306
22W - - - - p.o. ~180 mg - - 1.3 - - - - 7.4 - - - - GC/NPD OD Am(to) 157
18M - - - ~6 h p.o. - - 2.3 1.3 - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD Cc(th) 366
31M - - - - p.o. ~250 mg - - 1.7 - - - - 11 - - - - GC/NPD OD Am(to) 157
18W - - - - p.o. - - 1,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 306
26W - - - - p.o. ~450 mg - - 2.2 - - - - 5.6 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Am(to),Cc 157
23M - - - - p.o. - - - 3.7 - - - - 7.1 - - - - GC/NPD OD Am(to) 157
24M - - - - p.o. - - - 4.9 - - - - 21 - - - - GC/NPD OD Am(to) 157
Prilocaine T1/2: 1-2 h+ Vd: 0,7-4,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,5-1,5 / 1-5 Toxic: 5-6 / -
W - - 2d 0,5 h intraspinal 400 mg - 30 1.6 - - - - 3.3 5 - 10 - GC/NPD OD - 560
83M - - - 1,5 h s.c. 864 mg - 13,4 unk. - 69.4 - - 49.2 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 258
Procyclidine T1/2: 8-18 h Vd: 0,7-1,3 l/kg Therapeutic: - / 0,08-0,63 Toxic: 1-2 / -
- - - - - p.o. - - 7,8 unk. - - - - - - - - - GLC OD - 387
Profenofos Metabolite: Desethylatprofenofos T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
88W - - 27 h - p.o. - - 1,2 ( 317 ) unk. 0.00 0.4 3550 mg/l - - - - - - GC/FPD OD - 198
Promethazine T1/2: 9-16 h Vd: 9-19 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,2 / 0,006-0,099 Toxic: 1-2 / -
21M - - - - p.o. - - - - - - - - 50 26 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
21M - - - - p.o. - - 8,0 unk. - 50 - - 180 92 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
2dM - - - - i.v. 50 mg - - 23.9 - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 340
Propafenone T1/2: 2-10 h Vd: 2,5-4,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,4-3 / 0,17-1,65 Toxic: 2-3 / -
37W - - - ~4 h p.o. - - 7,7 unk. - - 6,9 mg - 258 39.7 - 3.4 - HPLC OD - 69
20W - - - ~5 h p.o. ~6 g - 12 unk. - - - - 60 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 370
2-Propen-1-ol Metabolite: Acrolein T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
55M 180 cm 98 kg 4d 2h p.o. - 0.2 309 ( 7,2 ) unk. 42.9 26 ( 5,4 ) 42 g/l 963 ( 13,8 ) - - - - - GC/FID OD - 547
Propofol T1/2: 3-8 h+ Vd: 60 l/kg Therapeutic: ~2-8 / 0,23-1,1 Toxic: -
29W - 57 kg - - i.v. 400 mg - - 0.2 - 94 - - 1.4 - - - 222 HPLC OD - 145
34W - - - - i.v. - - 0,48 unk. - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 319
37M - 52 kg - - i.v. - - - 2.5 - - - - 22 3.6 - 11.3 - GC/FID OD - 83
26M - 91 kg - - i.v. - - 5,3 unk. - 8900 - - 27 - - 7.6 - GC/MSD OD Ah(th) 239
81W - - - - i.v. - - 5.7 - - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 559
Propoxur T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
50M - - - - p.o. - 0.1 0,3 unk. - - 6600 mg/kg - 8.1 25.3 - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
189
Vitreous
[mg/l]
44M - - - - inhalation - 1.7 0,6 unk. - - 84 mg/kg - 0.8 0.3 - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
78M - - - - p.o. - - 1,34 unk. - 8.1 1800 mg/kg 71.8 5.4 9.4 - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
56M - - - - p.o. - - 7,5 unk. - - 730 mg/kg 5.4 37 18.5 - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
56M - - - - p.o. - 2.3 13,6 unk. - - 2300 mg/kg 15.9 15.4 2.2 - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
52M - - - - p.o. - 1.4 41,1 unk. - - 123 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 433
Propranolol T1/2: 2-4 h Vd: 3-5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,3 / 0,05-0,15+ Toxic: 1-3 /-
60M - - 5d - p.o. - - 7 unk. - 0.28 2 g/l - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 175
45M - - - - p.o. - 1.6 7 - - - - - - - - - - GC/FID MDOD H(to) 238
30W - - - - p.o. - - 9,7 unk. - - 23 g/kg - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 543
34W - - - - p.o. 6g 2.3 14 unk. - 0.9 530 mg/kg - 171 - - 67 - GC/FID OD - 308
38W - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - 2 320 mg - 254 71 - 41 - GC/FID MDOD Co(le),Ag(th) 561
27W - - - - p.o. - - 20 unk. - - 750 mg/kg - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 543
60M - - - 8h p.o. 9,6 g - 20 unk. - - 190 mg/kg - 10 26 - 6 - GLC OD - 250
35W - - - - p.o. - - 28 unk. - - 576 mg - - 185 - - - UV/SPF OD - 188
Propylhexedrine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,01 / 0,01 Toxic: 0,5 / -
24M - - - - i.v. - - 0,16 unk. - - - - 5.8 5.3 2.2 - - GC/MS OD - 138
17W - - - - i.v. - - 0,3 unk. - - - - 1.3 1.8 0.5 - - GC/MS OD - 138
29M - - - - i.v. - - 0,7 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
22M - - - - i.v. - - 1,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
22M - - - - i.v. - - 1,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
26M - - - - i.v. - - 1,4 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
29M - - - - inhalation - - 1,8 unk. - 12.6 - - 2.8 1.5 1.7 - - GC OD - 542
19M - - - - i.v. - - 2 unk. - 69.5 - 9.4 7.4 4 1.1 - - GC/MS OD - 138
27M - - - - i.v. - - 2,2 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
34W - - - - i.v. - - 2,3 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC OD - 16
19W - - - - inhalation - 1.2 2,7 unk. - - 5,4 mg/l - 11.8 9.5 - - - GC OD - 542
30M - - - - p.o. - - 36 unk. - 60 - 20 36 30 - 24 - GC OD - 471
Protriptyline T1/2: 54-92 h Vd: 15-31 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,05-0,3 / 0,07-0,38 Toxic: 0,5 / 0,5-2
32M 180 cm 93 kg 6d - p.o. ~5,5 g - 29.2 20.7 - 157.1 93 mg - 538.2 219.2 - 224.4 25 GC OD N(th) 154
Pyrilamine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: / - Toxic: -
25W - 56 kg - - p.o. - - 11 unk. - - 578 mg - 18 - - 71 - GC/FID OD Ag(th) 248
Quetiapine T1/2: 5-7+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: < 1 / 0,195-0,632 Toxic: 1,8 / 13
34W 163 cm 77 kg - - p.o. - 0.7 5.1 0.95 - 3 7,7 mg 7.5 16 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Am(to),N(to),B(th) 13
35W 173 cm 165 kg - - p.o. - - 1.1 - - - 18 mg - 9 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Cc(to),A(to),Pr(to) 13
44W 165 cm 73 kg - - p.o. - - 1.9 1.4 - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(to),B(th) 13
40M 170 cm 93 kg - - p.o. - 4.1 49 - - - 7,6 mg - 112 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD B(to),A(to) 13
Remoxipride T1/2: 5-10 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 2,15 +/- 0,59 / - Toxic: -
23W 171 cm 70 kg - - p.o. - - 230 - - 220 5000 mg/kg - 490 - - - - GC-FID/ATD OD Et 510
Secobarbital T1/2: 22-29 h Vd: 1,6-1,9 l/kg Therapeutic: 1,5-5 / 1-2,2 Toxic: 7-10 / >3
- - - - - p.o. - - 13 unk. - - - - 58 - - - - UV OD - 116
- - - - - p.o. - - 120 unk. - - - - 213 - - - - UV OD - 116
- - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 3 5 3 1 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - 6 3 2 2 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 6 - - - - - 19 10 3 11 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 9 - - - - - 14 8 5 9 - UV/SPF OD - 610
26M 178 cm - - - p.o. - 0.2 11,5 unk. - 3.4 1,5 g/kg - 19.9 7.3 - 35.5 1.2 HPLC MDOD B(le),Co(th) 549
- - - - - - - - 18 - - - - - 59 27 7 25 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 19 - - - - - 57 27 8 18 - UV/SPF OD - 610
- - - - - - - - 28 - - - - - 50 30 10 24 - UV/SPF OD - 610
Selenium T1/2: 69-77 d Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,045-0,13 / - Toxic: 0,4 / -
40W 160 cm 40 kg - 8h p.o. - - 2.6 - - - 18 mg/kg - 5.4 14.2 - 1.2 - GC/ECD MDOD Ku(to) 369
52W - - - 8d p.o. - - 2,77 antemortem - - - - 0.79 - - - 0.14 AAS MDOD Ku(to) 428
44M - - - 1,5 h dermal - - 18.4 - - 2.1 6,9 mg/l - 1.6 1.5 - 0.5 - AAS OD - 504
17M - - - ~3 h p.o. - - 38 unk. - - - - 741 450 - 35 34 SPF OD - 304
Silver T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0-0,005+ Toxic: 0,06-0,6+
69M - - - 5h p.o. - - - - - - 2,4 mg/kg - 6.3 4.9 - 0.6 - AAS OD - 318
Sodium azide T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
47M - - ~12 h 4h p.o. 9g - 7,4 thoracic blood - - 1036 mg/kg 21.4 - - - 2.7 - HPLC-DAD OD - 362
25W 158 cm 65 kg 36 h - p.o. - - 262 unk. - - 754 mg/l 1283 14 205 - - - HPLC OD - 314
Sotalol T1/2: 7-18 h Vd: 1,6-2,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,5-3 / - Toxic: 7,5-16 / -
58W - - - - p.o. ~14 g - 40 - - - - 37.1 102.6 103.2 - 11.5 352.2 HPLC MDOD B(to) 430
47M - - - - p.o. - - 40 unk. - 415.7 19,8 mg - 88 116 - 0.59 - GC/ECD OD - 388
Strychnine T1/2: 10-11 h Vd: 13 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: 0,075-0,1 / 2
24W 158 cm 57 kg - - p.o. - - - - - - 40 mg - 108 - - 4.2 - UV-SPF OD - 416
46W - - - - p.o. - - 0,6 unk. - - 108 mg - 0.27 0.4 - - - UV-SPF OD - 416
56M 173 cm 79 kg 3h - p.o. ~260 mg - 3,3 unk. - 1.4 107 mg 9.2 6.2 3.2 - - - GC/FID OD - 592
45M - - - - p.o. - - - 3.3 - 3.4 149 mg/l 11.4 98.6 3.7 - 2.4 2.3 GC/NPD OD - 497
- - - - - p.o. - - 16 unk. - - 33 mg - 209 5 - - - - OD - 416
47W 145 cm 50 kg 13 h - p.o. - - 21,2 unk. - - 281,5 mg/l - 49.8 15.6 - - - GC/MS OD - 361
- - - - - p.o. - - 50 unk. - 1 100 mg - 160 90 - 5 - - OD - 416
- - - - - p.o. - - 61 unk. - 2.5 - - 175 70 - - - - OD - 416
Sulindac T1/2: 7 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 1-5 / 4-5 Toxic: -
58W - - - - p.o. - - 130 unk. - - - 2810 136 125 - - - UV,GC OD - 20
Talinolol T1/2: 10-14 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,04-0,15 / - Toxic: -
42W - - - 6h p.o. - - 40 unk. - 2 mg/4 ml 40 mg - 30 13 0,4 mg/ 4,8 ml 1.3 - UV OD - 186
Temazepam T1/2: 3-13 h Vd: 0,8-1,0 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,15 / 0,4-0,9 Toxic: 1 / -
77W - - - - p.o. - - 3,8 unk. - - - - 38.6 - - - - LC/UVD OD - 365
77M - - - - p.o. - - 9,0 unk. - 2.3 - - 106.6 - - - - LC/UVD OD - 365
Tetrachloroethylene T1/2: 33-72 h Vd: 8,2 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
53M 170 cm 70 kg 24 h - inhalation - 2 4,5 unk. - - - - 240 71 - 69 - GC/ECD OD - 321
33M - - - - inhalation - - 44 unk. - - - - - - - 360 - GC/MS OD - 347
2M - - - ~1 h inhalation - - 66 unk. - - - - - - - 79 - GC/ECD OD - 181
Theophylline T1/2: 3-11 h Vd: 0,3-0,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 8-15 / 10-20 Toxic: >20 / 30-40
14W - - - - p.o. - - 74 unk. - 342 - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 476
80M - - - ~24 h p.o. - - 80 antemortem - - - - - - - - - HPLC OD - 15
53M - - - - p.o. - - 100 unk. - - - - 108 - - - - - OD - 70
17M - - - - p.o. - - 145 unk. - 182 320 mg - 91 - - - - GC/MS OD - 500
21W - - - ~24 h p.o. 10 g - 210 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 588
26W - - - ~8 h p.o. - 1.8 220 unk. - - 7,2 g - 203 - - - - HPLC OD Pa(th) 102
58M - - - - p.o. - - 250 unk. - - 704 mg 275 200 212 - 231 - UV/SPF OD - 588
Thiamylal T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
28M 178 cm 80 kg - - i.v. ~6 g - 29 - - 20 0,4 mg 16 135 25 - - - HPLC OD - 98
Thiopental T1/2: 6-46 h Vd: 1,4-6,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 1-5 / 1-42 Toxic: - / >7
M - - - <2 h i.v. - - 6 unk. - - - - 63 31 - 24 - GC/FID,UV OD - 67
43M - - - - i.v. - - - 12.3 - - - - - - - - - HPLC MDOD Mr(to) 338
43W - 61 kg - - rectal 6,25 g - 14 unk. - - - - 114 16.7 - 33 - UV/SPF OD - 582
191
Vitreous
[mg/l]
32M - - ~3 d - i.v. - - 153 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 159

22M - - - - i.v. - 0.2 279 unk. - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 29
Thioridazine Metabolite: Mesoridazine T1/2: 26-36 h Vd: 18 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,1-2 / 0,1-2,6 Toxic: 2,5-5 / >5
34M - - - - p.o. - - 1,0 unk. - 28 - - 110 18 - - - UV,TLC OD - 59
42W - 46 kg - 10 h p.o. 2g - 2 unk. - - - - 35 - - - - - OD - 142
61W - 71 kg - ~4 h p.o. - - 4 unk. - - - - 72 33 - - - - OD - 142
61W - 52 kg - 3d p.o. - - 5 unk. - - 5g - 90 70 - - - - OD - 142
18W - - - - p.o. - - 7 unk. - 46 - - 36.6 8.2 - 6.1 - GLC OD - 141
30W - - - - p.o. - - 8 unk. - 36 - - 21.1 7.1 - 5.1 - GLC OD - 141
30M - - - - p.o. - - 8,6 ( 26,8 ) unk. 0.3 - - - 138 - - - - HPLC OD H(to) 441
Tiletamine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
22M - - - - i.v. - - 0,85 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID MDOD B(to) 89
Tilidine Metabolite: Nortilidine T1/2: 3 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,05-0,12 / - Toxic: -
29M - - - - p.o. - 2.3 1,7 ( 4,4 ) unk. 0.4 0.9 - 2.9 9,4 ( 13,7 ) 2.8 - - - GC/NPD OD - 96
Tocainide T1/2: 12-15 h Vd: 1,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 4-12 / 4-10 Toxic: 13-15 / -
26W - - 36 h - p.o. - 0.3 78 antemortem - - - 11 - - 9.3 - - HPLC OD - 529
36W - - - - p.o. 6-8 g - - 140 - 4 - 56 750 380 - - - HPLC OD - 432
Tramadol T1/2: 5-10 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,1-1 / 0,1-0,6 Toxic: 1 / -
26M 191 cm 70 kg - - p.o. - - 13.1 9.6 - 46 - 46.1 6.2 3.1 - - - HPLC-DAD OD - 399
Tranylcypromine T1/2: 1,5-3,5 h Vd: 1,1-5,7 l/kg Therapeutic: -0,2 / 0,05 Toxic: 0,5 / -
56M 188 cm 86 kg 10-18 h - p.o. - - 0.4 0.2 - 23.7 2,3 mg/kg 0.3 2.2 - 0.2 2.5 0.3 GC/NPD MDOD A(to),B(th) 606
31W - - - ~5 h p.o. ~0,6 g - 0.5 0.6 - 33 - - 8 - - 6.2 - GC/MS OD - 113
40M - - - - p.o. 0,4-0,7g - 0,7 unk. - 238 - - 1.9 - - - - GC/MS OD - 240
50M - - - ~48 h p.o. - 0.1 1,7 unk. - 50.8 - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 57
55W - - - - p.o. 300 mg - 3,7 unk. - 25 - - 7.3 - - 1 - GLC MDOD Ep(to),Pr(to) 42
58M - - - ~6 h p.o. - 5 9.1 - - 227 mg - 21 - - - - GC/FID OD B(to) 57
Trazodone T1/2: 4-7 h Vd: 0,9-1,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,8-1,6 / 0,7-4,89 Toxic: 4 / -
53W 173 cm 72 kg 14 h 14 h p.o. - 1.1 15 14.4 - - - - 73.7 34.7 - 48.6 7.3 HPLC MDOD A(to) 364
48W 169 cm 70 kg - - p.o. - 0.3 15.9 15.5 - - - - 82.4 39.6 - 20.9 9 HPLC OD - 364
22W 158 cm 58 kg ~1 d - p.o. - 1.0 28,7 unk. - 90.5 940 mg - 25.2 13 - - - HPLC/DAD MDOD A(le),B(th),Cf(th) 313
Triazolam T1/2: 1,8-3,9 h Vd: 1,1-2,7 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,002-0,02 / 0,02 Toxic: 0,04 / -
45W - - ~9 d - p.o. - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.07 GC/ECD OD - 536
45W - - - 6-8 h p.o. 7,5 mg 1.1 - 0.04 - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 536
39M - - - - p.o. - 2 - 0.07 - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 536
77W - - - - p.o. - - 0.12 0.09 - 0.02 - - 0.09 0.07 - - - GC/MS OD - 332
79W - - - - p.o. - - - 0.11 - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 536
42W - - - - p.o. - 1.1 - 0.15 - - - - 0.38 - - - - GC/ECD OD - 536
36M - - - - p.o. 3-13 mg 2 - 0.22 - - - - - - - - - GC/ECD OD - 536
1,1,1-Trichloroethane T1/2: 53 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
20M - - - - inhalation - - - - - - - - 98 24 - 27 49 GC OD - 532
24M - - - - inhalation - - - - - - - - 132 78 - 93 - GC OD - 532
17M - - - - inhalation - - 1,5 unk. - 1 - - 4.9 2.6 - 3.2 2.6 GC OD - 532
17M - - - - inhalation - - 18 unk. - - - - 80 - - 80 - - OD - 253
40W 168 cm 62 kg - - inhalation - 0.4 20 unk. - - - - 50 120 - 360 - GC/FID OD - 73

20M - - - - inhal,derm - - 42 unk. - - - - - - - 1230 - - OD - 253
M - - - - inhalation - - 60 unk. - - - - 120 - - 500 - GC OD - 532
29M 188 cm 98 kg - - inhalation - - 130 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 207
19W - - - - inhalation - - 720 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 207
Trichloroethylene T1/2: 30-38 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - / 1-90 Toxic: -
20M 170 cm - - - p.o. - - 9,7 unk. - 1.7 17,7 mg/l - 7.2 6.6 0.67 6.6 - GC/FID OD - 283
M - - - - inhalation - - 16 unk. - 1 - - 6 31 - 47 - GC/FID OD - 570
M - - - - inhalation - - 21 unk. - - 6 mg/l - 56 85 - 83 - GC/FID OD - 570
23M - - - - p.o. - - 66,1 unk. - 15.2 584,8 mg/l - 177.2 18.2 - 66.6 - GC/FID OD - 283
43M - - - - p.o. - 0.9 210 unk. - - 95,7 g/l - 747 78.3 - - - GC/ECD OD - 123
Trifluoperazine Metabolite: Desmethylfluoperazine T1/2: 7-18 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,001-0,01 / 0,5-2 Toxic: 0,1-0,2 / 1,2-3
30W - - - - p.o. - - 0,4 unk. - - - - 198 ( 205 ) 83 ( 89 ) - - - UV OD - 456
Trimipramine Metabolite: Desmethyltrimipramine T1/2: 16-39 h Vd: 17-48 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,01-0,25 / 0,01-0,3 Toxic: 0,5 / -
55W - - - ~14 h p.o. - - 0,4 ( 1,1 ) - 0.4 - - - - - - - - GC/FID MDOD Li(th),Ph(th),Ag(th),Ba(th) 378
25M - - - - p.o. - 0.2 - 4,8 ( 2,1 ) 2.3 0.6 - - 51 ( 16 ) - - - - HPLC OD - 170
53M - - - - p.o. - - 9,2 ( 8,7 ) 7,7 ( 6,2 ) 1.2 - - - - - - - - GC OD - 144
Tripelennamine T1/2: 2,9-5,3 h Vd: 9-12 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,06 / 0,06 Toxic: -
19M - 77 kg 5h 7h p.o. ~1 g - 10 unk. - 287 1,1 g/kg - 83 35 43 - - GLC/FID OD - 45
Valproic acid T1/2: 8-12 h Vd: 0,1-0,4 l/kg Therapeutic: 40-100 / 50-100 Toxic: 150-200 / 7,1-200
34M - 71 kg 2d - p.o. 56 g - 720 unk. - - 1,7 g - 800 - - - - GC/FID OD Ba(th),Pr(th) 345
28M - 79 kg - - p.o. ~50 g - 1050 unk. - - 15,1 g 713 985 1580 516 510 - GLC OD - 449
32M - - - - p.o. - - 1512 unk. - 148 12 mg - 487 - - - - ACA OD - 499
Venlafaxine Metabolite: O-Desmethylvenlafaxine T1/2: 3-7 h Vd: 4-12 l/kg Therapeutic: ~0,2-0,4 / 0,07-3,9 Toxic: 1-1,5 / -
37M - - - - p.o. - - 6,6 ( 31 ) - 0.2 640 ( 310 ) - 100 ( 32 ) 34 ( 54 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD Pa(to),Ah(to) 423
42W - - - - p.o. - - - 7,2 ( 0,7 ) 10.3 26 ( 10 ) 68 mg 10,6 ( 2,2 ) - - 4,8 ( 0,8 ) - - LC/MS MDOD Ep(to),A(to) 194
41W - 84 kg ~10 h - p.o. - - - 7,3 ( 6,0 ) 1.2 35,7 ( 16,1 ) - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD Ca(th) 309
55M 185 cm 81 kg - - p.o. - - 30 17 - 20 - - 220 - 11 - - GC/FID MDOD A(to),N(th) 226
38W - - - - p.o. - 2.9 - 31 ( 2,1 ) 14.8 50 ( 9,8 ) 31 mg 46 ( 8,6 ) 170 ( 4,8 ) - 31 ( 3,4 ) - - LC/MS MDOD - 194
33W - - - - p.o. - - - 36 ( 3,5 ) 10.3 55 ( 21 ) 200 mg 53 ( 6,8 ) 22 ( 9,9 ) - 10 ( 1,5 ) - - LC/MS MDOD A(to),Co(to) 194
42M - - - - p.o. - - 44 ( 50 ) - 0.9 - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD 423
62W 168 cm 75 kg - - p.o. - - 85 ( 5,6 ) 65 ( 7,1 ) 9.2 73 ( 28 ) - - 425 ( 11 ) - 23 ( 0,68 ) - - GC/FID OD - 226
49M - - - - p.o. - - 84 ( 15 ) - 5.6 150 ( 59 ) - 290 ( 52 ) 430 ( 140 ) 210 ( 43 ) - - - GC/NPD MDOD A(le),B(to) 423
58M 180 cm 130 kg ~12 h - p.o. ~12 g - - 84,3 ( 3,4 ) 24.5 124,6 ( 9,8 ) 10,6 mg 200,2 ( 7,7 ) 405,1 ( 18,8 ) 420,3 ( 20,4 ) 43,8 ( 2,1 ) 542,7 ( 14,8 ) - GC/NPD OD - 309
Verapamil Metabolite: Norverapamil T1/2: 3-7 h Vd: 2,5-6,5 l/kg Therapeutic: 0,02-0,25 / 0,055-0,355 Toxic: 1 / 0,9
51W - - - - p.o. - 3.5 0,9 unk. - - 155 mg - 3.2 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Et 80
42M - - - - p.o. - - 1,5 unk. - - 1100 mg - 85 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 80
34W - - - - p.o. - 1.8 3,2 unk. - - 22 mg - 23 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Et 80
43W - - - - p.o. - - 4,5 unk. - - 191 mg - 70 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 80
19M - - - - p.o. - - 6 - - - - - 130 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD Ep(to),Co(to) 328
42M - - - - p.o. - - 6,8 unk. - - - - 280 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD B(th),Hm(th) 80
70W 159 cm 68 kg - - p.o. - - 7 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD B(to),Ba(th) 299
66W - - - - p.o. - - 8,6 unk. - - 1148 mg - 59 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 80
40W - - - 4h p.o. - - 8,8 unk. - - 590 mg - 165 28 - - - GC/NPD OD - 546
22M - - - - p.o. - - 9,3 unk. - 1.4 180 mg - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 115
- - - - - p.o. - - 16,5 unk. - 4 ( 1,4 ) 63,4 mg 62,6 ( 56,5 ) 113,2 ( 25,7 ) - - - - GC/NPD OD - 81
56W - 78 kg - - p.o. - - 20 ( 3,7 ) 21 5.4 - 790 mg - 400 ( 127 ) 140 - - - HPLC OD - 577
193
Vitreous
[mg/l]
52M - - - - p.o. - - 85,0 unk. - - 336 mg 258 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 80

M - - - - p.o. - 1.1 363 unk. - - 42,5 mg/kg - 39.7 - - - - HPLC OD - 243
Vinbarbital T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
78W - - - - p.o. - 0.4 53 unk. - 80 0,38 g - 164 85 - - - UV/SPF OD - 438
Xylazine T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
36M 178 cm 91 kg - <4 h i.v. - 3.8 0,2 unk. - 7 - - 0.9 0.6 - 0.4 - GLC MDOD B(to) 445
59W - - - - p.o. - 0.8 16 unk. - 30 - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 62
Xylene T1/2: 20-30 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
27M - - - - p.o. - - 110 unk. - - 8800 mg/l - - - - - - GC/FID OD - 1
Zipeprol T1/2: ? Vd: ? Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
20M - - - - p.o. - - 6,2 unk. - - 122 mg/kg - 39.1 26.1 - - - GC/NPD OD - 607
25M - - - - p.o. - - 6,7 unk. - 628.5 81,7 mg/kg 55.6 31.8 35.3 6.1 5.6 - GC/MS OD - 286
21M - - - - p.o. - - 10,5 unk. - - 60,3 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
29W - - - - p.o. 1,5 g - 11 unk. - - 294 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
21M - - - - p.o. - - 13,9 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
19W - - - - p.o. - - 14,3 unk. - - 26,8 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
20M - - - - p.o. - - 15,8 unk. - - 1,4 g/kg - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
21M - - - ~1 h p.o. ~2,8 g - 15,8 unk. - - 126 mg/kg - 39 21.1 - 32.1 - GC/NPD OD - 607
19W - - - - p.o. 1,1 g - 24,7 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
21W - - - - p.o. - - 28,6 unk. - - 64,5 mg/kg - - - - - - GC/TSD MDOD At(to) 609
18W - - - - p.o. - - 31,1 unk. - - - - 121.6 44.4 - 52.9 - GC/NPD OD 607
Zolpidem T1/2: 1,4-4,5 h Vd: ? Therapeutic: 0,08-0,15 / 0,003-0,018 Toxic: 0,5 / -
29M - - - - p.o. - 2.5 0,9 unk. - - 64 mg/kg - 42.3 4.8 - - - UV MDOD Et 271
39M - 163 kg ~18 h - p.o. - - 2.91 1.4 - 2.1 172 mg - 4.7 - - - - GC/NPD MDOD At(to),M(th) 380
28W 165 cm - - - p.o. - - 3,3 unk. - 2.5 34,3 mg/l 1.3 - - - - - HPLC-DAD MDOD N(to) 552
68W - - - - p.o. >300 mg - 4,1 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD Mr(th),Mp(th) 595
Zomepirac T1/2: 4-10 h Vd: 0,6 l/kg Therapeutic: - Toxic: -
38W 170 cm 51 kg 7.5 h 17 h p.o. 9g - 152 - - - - - - - - - - UV/SPF OD - 30
Zopiclone T1/2: 3,5-8 h+ Vd: ? Therapeutic: <0,1 / - Toxic: 0,15+
24W - - - - p.o. - 1.9 - - - - 133 mg - 8.7 - - - - HPLC OD Sy(th) 58
29W 157 cm 64 kg 56 h - p.o. - 1.5 1.2 1.2 - 10.5 55 mg/kg 14.1 1.8 1.7 - 2.8 1.9 HPLC OD - 452
81M - - - - p.o. - - - 3.5 - - 13,5 mg - 0.8 - - - - HPLC OD Hm(th) 58
F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210 195
substances involved in a mixed-intoxication. Furthermore Ag: analgesic

therapeutic and toxic blood concentrations were listed Ah: antihistamine
together with data about the plasma half-lives (T 1/2) and Am: amphetamine
volume of distribution (Vd). At: antitussive
Ba: barbiturate
Age M/W Ca: carbamazepine
M: man Cc: cocaine
W: woman Cf: caffeine
mo: months Co: codeine
d: days Eg: ethylene glycol
w: weeks Ep: ephedrine
Ingestion route Et: ethanol
i.m.: intramuscular H: hypnotic
i.v.: intravenous He: herbicide
p.o.: per os Hm: cardiac agent
s.c.: subcutanous I: isopropanol
Ko: carbon monoxide
D: dose Ku: copper
BAC: blood alcohol concentration (in %) Li: lidocaine
M: morphine
Hb: heart blood Me: methanol
Fb: femoral blood Mp: meprobamate
unk.: unknown where the blood was taken from Mr: muscle relaxant
n.d.: not detected Mt: methadone
N: neuroleptic
P/M: ratio parent drug/metabolite Pa: paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Analytical method Pe: pesticide
AAS: atomic absorption spectrometry Ph: phenytoin
FPI: fluorescence polarisation immunoassay Pm: for treatment of parkinson’s disease
GC (GLC): gas chromatography Pr: propoxyphene
/ATD: alkali-thermo-ionization detector Sy: sympathomimetic
/ECD: electron capture detector Vs: valproic acid
/FID: flame ionization detector (th): therapeutic concentration
/FTD: flame thermionic detector (to): toxic concentration
/ITD: ion trap detector (le): lethal concentration
/MS: mass spectrometer Ref: Reference
/MSD: mass selective detector Reference for T 1/2 and Vd: [43], ref. marked with ‘‘þ’’
/NPD: nitrogen-phosphorus detector
from [507]
/TSD: thermionic specific detector
Reference for therapeutic and toxic: [507,597], ref.
HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography
marked with ‘‘þ’’ from [564]
/DAD: diode array detection
/PDA: photo diode array
ISE: ion selective electrode
MHE-GC: multiple head-space extraction
RIA: radio immunoassay References
SPF: spectrophotofluorometric
TLC: thin-layer chromatography [1] R.S. Abu-Al, A.S. Salhab, S.S. Amr, Suicide by xylene
UV: ultraviolet spectroscopy ingestion. A case report and review of literature, Am. J.
Forensic Med. Pathol. 7 (1986) 327–329.
Cause of death [2] R. Aderjan, R. Mattern, Eine tödlich verlaufene Mono-
OD: overdose death intoxikation mit Flurazepam (Dalamadorm). Probleme bei
MDOD: multiple drug overdose death der toxikologischen Beurteilung, Arch. Toxicol. 43 (1979)
69–75.
Intoxication with [3] R. Aderjan, J. Bosche, G. Schmidt, Vergiftungen mit
A: antidepressant Diphenhydramin–Forensisch-toxikologische Beurteilung
Ac: aceton von Analysenbefunden, Z. Rechtsmed. 88 (1982) 263–
Ae: antiemetic 270.
196 F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210
[4] G. Adjutantis, A. Coutselinis, G. Dimopoulos, Fatal intoxica- [24] S. Athanaselis, C. Maravelias, M. Michalodimitrakis, A.
tion with dextropropoxyphene, Forensic Sci. 4 (1974) 83– Koutselinis, Buflomedil concentrations in blood and viscera
85. in a case of fatal intoxication [letter], Clin. Chem. 30 (1984)
[5] G. Adjutantis, A. Coutselinis, G. Dimopoulous, Fatal 157.
intoxication with amphetamines (a case report), Med. Sci. [25] S.P. Avis, C.J. Hutton, Acute benzene poisoning: a report of
Law 15 (1975) 62–63. three fatalities, J. Forensic Sci. 38 (1993) 599–602.
[6] C.A. Ainsworth, J.D. Biggs, A fatality involving methapyr- [26] S.P. Avis, M.D. Holzbecher, A fatal case of methotrime-
ilene, Clin. Toxicol. 11 (1977) 281–286. prazine overdose, J. Forensic Sci. 41 (1996) 1080–1081.
[7] F.W. Alexander, H.T. Delves, Deaths from acute lead [27] R. Backer, R.V. Pisano, I.M. Sopher, Diphenhydramine
poisoning, Arch. Dis. Child. 47 (1972) 446–448. suicide—case report, J. Anal. Toxicol. 1 (1977) 227–228.
[8] A. Alha, M. Karlsson, T. Korte, Fatal combined anileridine- [28] R. Backer, D. Tautman, S. Lowry, C.M. Harvey, A. Poklis,
pethidine poisoning. A gas chromatography, thin layer Fatal ephedrine intoxication, J. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) 157–
chromatography and mass spectrometry investigation, Z. 159.
Rechtsmed. 75 (1975) 293–298. [29] R.C. Backer, Thiopental suicide—case report, Clin. Toxicol.
[9] A.R. Allan, R.C. Blackmore, P.A. Toseland, A chloroform 8 (1975) 283–287.
inhalation fatality—an unusual asphyxiation, Med. Sci. Law [30] R.C. Backer, V.H. Kshirsagar, I.M. Sopher, Case report—
28 (1988) 120–122. zomepirac suicide, J. Anal. Toxicol. 7 (1983) 223–224.
[10] R.L. Alstott, A.J. Miller, R.B. Forney, Report of a human [31] R.C. Backer, P. McFeeley, N. Wohlenberg, Fatality resulting
fatality due to caffeine, J. Forensic Sci. 18 (1973) 135–137. from cyclizine overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 13 (1989) 308–
[11] K. Ameno, S. Lee, S. In, J. Yang, Y. Yoo, S. Ameno, T. 309.
Kubota, H. Kinoshita, I. Ijiri, Blood carbofuran concentra- [32] R.C. Backer, R. Zumwalt, P. McFeeley, S. Veasey, N.
tions in suicidal ingestion cases, Forensic Sci. Int. 116 Wohlenberg, Carisoprodol concentrations from different
(2001) 59–61. anatomical sites: three overdose cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 14
[12] C.A. Amon, L.G. Tate, R.K. Wright, W. Matusiak, Sudden (1990) 332–334.
death due to ingestion of cocaine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 [33] D.N. Bailey, R.F. Shaw, Tricyclic antidepressants: Inter-
(1986) 217–218. pretation of blood and tissue levels in fatal overdose, J.
[13] D.T. Anderson, K.L. Fritz, Quetiapine (Seroquel) concen- Anal. Toxicol. 3 (1979) 43–46.
trations in seven postmortem cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 [34] D.N. Bailey, R.F. Shaw, Interpretation of blood and tissue
(2000) 300–304. concentrations in fatal self-ingested overdose involving
[14] D.T. Anderson, K.L. Fritz, J.J. Muto, Oxycontin1: The amitriptyline: an update (1978–1979), J. Anal. Toxicol. 4
concept of a Ghost pill and the postmortem tissue distribution (1980) 232–236.
of oxycodone in 36 cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 26 (2002) 448– [35] D.N. Bailey, R.F. Shaw, Interpretation of blood glutethi-
459. mide, meprobamate, and methyprylon concentrations in
[15] J.R. Anderson, A. Poklis, R.G. Slavin, A fatal case of nonfatal and fatal intoxications involving a single drug, J.
theophylline intoxication, Arch. Intern. Med. 143 (3) (1983) Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 20 (1983) 133–145.
559–560. [36] A.M. Baker, D.G. Johnson, J.A. Levisky, W.L. Hearn, K.A.
[16] R.J. Anderson, H.R. Garza, J.C. Garriott, V.J.M. DiMaio, Moore, B. Levine, S.J. Nelson, Fatal diphenhydramine
Intravenous propylhexedrine (Benzedrex) abuse and sudden intoxication in infants, J. Forensic Sci. 48 (2003) 425–428.
death, Am. J. Med. 67 (1979) 15–20. [37] N. Barbera, G. Bulla, G. Romano, A fatal case of benzene
[17] W.H. Anderson, D.T. Stafford, J.S. Bell, Disopyramide poisoning, J. Forensic Sci. 43 (1998) 1250–1251.
(Norpace) distribution at autopsy of an overdose case, J. [38] A.D. Barbour, J.W. Nelson, Suicidal overdose of doxyla-
Forensic Sci. 25 (1980) 33–39. mine, TIAFT Bull. 29 (3) (1999) 5.
[18] F. Anger, F. Paysant, F. Brousse, I. Le Normand, P. Develay, [39] A.D. Barbour, Death after extraordinary methamphetamine
Y. Gaillard, A. Baert, M.A. Le Gueut, G. Pepin, J-P. Anger, overdose following apparent cocaine binge, TIAFT Bull. 31
Fatal aluminum phosphide poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 (1) (2001) 8–9.
(2000) 90–92. [40] R. Barchet, K. Harzer, E. Helmers, K. Wippler, An arsenic
[19] J. Angst, H. Brandenberger, B. Herrmann, Suicid mit overdose in a child, TIAFT Bull. 25 (4) (1995).
opipramol (insidon), Psychopharmacologia 11 (1967) 174– [41] R.C. Baselt, J.A. Wright, J.E. Turner, R.H. Cravey, Propox-
178. yphene and norpropoxyphene tissue concentrations in fatal-
[20] J.T. Archibald, A case report of suspected sulindac ities associated with propoxyphene hydrochloride and
poisoning, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 17 (1984) 71–76. propoxyphene napsylate, Arch. Toxicol. 34 (1975) 145–152.
[21] W. Arnold, K. Püschel, Toxikologische und morphologische [42] R.C. Baselt, E. Shskan, E.M. Gross, Tranylcypromine
Befunde bei Digoxinvergiftung in forensischer Sicht, Z. concentrations and monoamine oxidase activity in tissues
Rechtsmed. 83 (1979) 265–272. from a fatal poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 1 (1977) 168–170.
[22] K. Arys, J. Van Bocxlaer, K. Clauwaert, W.E. Lambert, M. [43] R.C. Baselt, R.H. Cravey, Disposition of toxic drugs and
Piette, C. Van-Peteghem, A.P. De-Leenheer, Quantitative chemicals in man, fourth ed., Chemical Toxicology
determination of paraquat in a fatal intoxication by HPLC– Institute; Foster City, CA, 1995.
DAD following chemical reduction with sodium borohy- [44] H.J. Battista, R. Henn, F. Schnabel, Verlauf, morphologische
dride, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 (2000) 116–121. und toxikologische Befunde einer tödlichen Cyclizin-
[23] A. Astier, F. Paraire, Fatal intoxication with 1,1-dichloro-1- Vergiftung im Kindesalter, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 36 (1978)
fluoroethane [letter], N. Engl. J. Med. 337 (1997) 940. 429–431.
[45] M. Bayley, M. Walsh, M.J. Valaske, Report of a fatal, acute [67] A.M. Bruce, J.S. Oliver, H. Smith, A suicide by thiopentone
tripelennamine intoxication, J. Forensic Sci. 20 (1975) 539– injection, Forensic Sci. 9 (1977) 205–207.
543. [68] J. Bryant, Suicide by ingestion of caffeine, Arch. Pathol.
[46] M. Bayley, M. Walsh, M.J. Valaske, Fatal overdose from Lab. Med. 105 (12) (1981) 685–686.
bendectin, Clin. Pediatr. 14 (1975) 507–514. [69] H. Brzezinka, J. Holtz, S. Goenechea, Propafenone fatality,
[47] L.R. Bednarczyk, A death due to levorphanol, J. Anal. TIAFT Bull. 20 (1) (1988).
Toxicol. 3 (1979) 217–219. [70] T.H.S. Burgan, I. Gupta, C.M. Bate, Fatal overdose of
[48] L.R. Bednarczyk, E.A. Gressmann, R.L. Wymer, Two theophylline simulating acute pancreatitis, BMJ 284 (1982)
cocaine-induced fatalities, J. Anal. Toxicol. 4 (1980) 263– 939–940.
265. [71] D.M. Bush, B.S. Levine, D.F. Smyth, Y.H. Caplan, A fatal
[49] L.R. Bednarczyk, W. Matusiak, Case report: an arsenic intoxication involving carbamazepine, desipramine, and
murder, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982) 260–261. ethylene glycol, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 (1986) 213–216.
[50] J.M. Beno, D.R. Nemeth, Diltiazem and metoclopramide [72] C. Camaris, D. Little, A fatality due to moclobemide, J.
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 15 (1991) 285–287. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) 954–955.
[51] L. Benramdane, M. Accominotti, L. Fanton, D. Malicier, J.J. [73] Y.H. Caplan, R.C. Backer, J.Q. Whitaker, 1,1,1-Trichlor-
Vallon, Arsenic speciation in human organs following fatal oethane: report of a fatal intoxication, Clin. Toxicol. 9
arsenic trioxide poisoning—a case report, Clin. Chem. 45 (1976) 69–74.
(1999) 301–306. [74] Y.H. Caplan, K.G. Orloff, B.C. Thompson, R.S. Fisher,
[52] F. Berthault, P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A fatal case of Detection of phencyclidine in medical examiner’s cases, J.
betaxolol poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 228–231. Anal. Toxicol. 3 (1979) 47–52.
[53] M. Blomquist, R. Bonnichsen, B. Schubert, Lethal orphena- [75] Y.H. Caplan, K.G. Orloff, B.C. Thompson, A fatal overdose
drine intoxications. A report of five cases, Z. Rechtsmed. 68 with colchicine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 4 (1980) 153–155.
(1971) 111–114. [76] E.M. Caravati, T.L. Litovitz, Pediatric cyanide intoxication
[54] B. Bockholdt, E. Klug, V. Schneider, Suicide through and death from an acetonitrile-containing cosmetic, JAMA
doxylamine poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 119 (2001) 138– 260 (1988) 3470–3473.
140. [77] H. Cardauns, R. Iffland, Über eine tödliche Diazepam
[55] M.J. Bogusz, Fatal lidocaine and midazolam overdose in the (Valium) Vergiftung bei einem drogenabhängigen Jugendli-
course of diphenhydramine poisoning therapy, TIAFT Bull. chen, Arch. Toxikol. 31 (1973) 147–151.
22 (4) (1992). [78] D.J.L. Carson, E.D. Carson, The increasing use of paraquat
[56] M.J. Bogusz, R.D. Maier, S. Driessen, Morphine, morphine- as a suicidal agent, Forensic Sci. Int. 7 (1976) 151–160.
3-glucuronide, morphine-6-glucuronide, and 6-monoacetyl- [79] E.D. Carson, Fatal paraquat poisoning in Northern Ireland,
morphine determined by means of atmospheric pressure J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 12 (1972) 437–443.
chemical ionization-mass spectrometry-liquid chromatogra- [80] L.F. Chan, L.H. Chhuy, R.J. Crowley, Verapamil tissue
phy in body fluids of heroin victims, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 concentrations in fatal cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987)
(1997) 346–355. 171–174.
[57] P.J. Boniface, Two cases of fatal intoxication due to [81] L.T. Chan, L.H. Chhuy, R.J. Crowley, Gas chromatographic
tranylcypromine overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 15 (1991) 38–40. analysis of verapamil and norverapamil in post mortem
[58] P.J. Boniface, S.G. Russell, Two cases of fatal zopiclone specimens using a 530-micron fused-silica column with
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 20 (1996) 131–133. nitrogen-phosphorus detection, J. Chromatogr. 402 (1987)
[59] R. Bonnichsen, P. Geertinger, A.C. Maehly, Toxicological 361–365.
data on phenothiazine drugs in autopsy cases, Z. Re- [82] S.C. Chan, E.M. Chan, H.A. Kaliciak, Distribution of
chtsmed. 67 (1970) 158–169. morphine in body fluids and tissues in fatal overdose, J.
[60] R.O. Bost, A. Springfield, Fatal hydrofluoric acid ingestion: Forensic Sci. 31 (1986) 1487–1491.
a suicide case report, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995) 535–536. [83] T.C. Chao, D.S. Lo, P.P. Chui, T.H. Koh, The first fatal 2,6-
[61] D.A.L. Bowen, P.S.B. Minty, A. Sengupta, Two fatal cases di-isopropylphenol (propofol) poisoning in Singapore: a
of ethylene glycol poisoning, Med. Sci. Law 18 (1978) 102– case report, Forensic Sci. Int. 66 (1994) 1–7.
107. [84] A.K. Chaturvedi, J.T. Hidding, N.G. Rao, J.C. Smith, S.J.
[62] T.A. Briellmann, R. Rickli, C. Jenny, A fatal intoxication Bredehoeft, Two tricyclic antidepressant poisonings: levels
with xylazine, TIAFT Bull. 24 (1) (1994). of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and desipramine in post-
[63] R. Brochon, H. Lehner, R. Gauch, O. Rudin, The detection mortem biological samples, Forensic Sci. Int. 33 (1987) 93–
and determination of dibenzepine and its metabolites in 101.
autopsy material, Arch. Toxicol. 24 (1969) 249–259. [85] A.K. Chaturvedi, N.G. Rao, J.R. Baird, A death due to self-
[64] I. Brodsgaard, A.C. Hansen, A. Vesterby, Two cases of administered fentanyl, J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (1990) 385–
lethal nitrazepam poisoning, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 387.
16 (1995) 151–153. [86] H. Christensen, S. Felby, Dibenzepine and its metabolites in
[65] J.P. Brooks, M. Phillips, D.T. Stafford, J.S. Bell, A case of blood, muscle, liver, vitreous body and urine from fatal
benzphetamine poisoning, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 3 poisoning, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. Copenh. 37 (1975)
(1982) 245–247. 393–401.
[66] L.A. Broussard, A.K. Broussard, T.S. Pittman, D.K. Lirette, [87] H. Christensen, Dextropropoxyphene and norpropoxyphene
Death due to inhalation of ethyl chloride, J. Forensic Sci. 45 in blood, muscle, liver and urine in fatal poisoning, Acta
(2000) 223–225. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Copenh. 40 (1977) 298–309.
[88] G. Christopoulos, E.R. Kirch, J.E. Gearien, Determination [111] R.H. Cravey, An unusually high blood morphine concentra-
of ethanol in fresh and putrefied post mortem tissues, J. tion in a fatal case, J. Anal. Toxicol. 9 (1985) 237.
Chromatogr. 87 (1973) 455–472. [112] R.H. Cravey, Cocaine deaths in infants, J. Anal. Toxicol. 12
[89] H. Chung, H. Choi, E. Kim, W. Jin, H. Lee, Y. Yoo, A (1988) 354–355.
fatality due to injection of tiletamine and zolazepam, J. [113] J. Crifasi, C. Long, The GCMS analysis of tranylcypromine
Anal. Toxicol. 24 (2000) 305–308. (Parnate) in a suspected overdose, Forensic Sci. Int. 86
[90] S.J. Cina, D.S. Raso, S.E. Conradi, Suicidal cyanide (1997) 103–108.
ingestion as detailed in Final Exit, J. Forensic Sci. 39 [114] J.D. Cross, I.M. Dale, H.L. Elliot, H. Smith, Postoperative
(1994) 1568–1570. mercury poisoning, Med. Sci. Law 19 (1979) 202–204.
[91] V. Cirimele, P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A fatal [115] D.J. Crouch, C. Crompton, D.E. Rollins, M.A. Peat, P.
dothiepin overdose, Forensic Sci. Int. 76 (1995) 205–209. Francom, Toxicological findings in a fatal overdose of
[92] M.A. Clark, J.W. Jones, Suicide by intravenous injection of verapamil, J. Forensic Sci. 31 (1986) 1505–1508.
a veterinary euthanasia agent: report of a case and [116] A.S. Curry, I. Sunshine, The liver:blood ratio in cases of
toxicologic studies, J. Forensic Sci. 24 (1979) 762–767. barbiturate poisoning, Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 2 (1960) 602–
[93] J.A. Cohan, T.J. Manning, L. Lukash, C. Long, K.R. 606.
Ziminski, S.E. Conradi, Two fatalities resulting from Tessalon [117] R.A. Curtis, N. Giacona, D. Burrows, J.L. Bauman, M.
(benzonatate), Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 28 (1986) 543–544. Schaffer, Fatal maprotiline intoxication, Drug Intell. Clin.
[94] P.E. Cook, S.W. Dermer, T. McGurk, Fatal overdose with Pharm. 18 (1984) 716–720.
amantadine, Can. J. Psychiatry 31 (8) (1986) 757–758. [118] T. Daldrup, C. Heller, U. Matthiesen, S. Honus, A. Bresges,
[95] J. Cordonnier, A. Heyndrickx, L. Jordaens, R. Brijs, R. De- K. Haarhoff, Etryptamin, eine neue Designer-Droge mit
Keyser, A fatal intoxication due to doxepin, J. Anal. fataler Wirkung, Z. Rechtsmed. 97 (1986) 61–68.
Toxicol. 7 (1983) 161–164. [119] R.A. Dalley, D. Hainsworth, Fatal plaquenil poisoning, J.
[96] J. Cordonnier, M. Van-den-Heede, A. Heyndrickx, R. Forensic Sci. Soc. 5 (1965) 99–101.
Wennig, Disposition of tilidine in a fatal poisoning in [120] F.T. Davis, M.E. Brewster, A fatality involving U4Euh, a
man, J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987) 105–109. cyclic derivative of phenylpropanolamine, J. Forensic Sci.
[97] S.H. Cosbey, D.J. Carson, A fatal case of amlodipine 33 (1988) 549–553.
poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 221–222. [121] S. Dawling, R.J. Flanagan, B. Widdop, Fatal lignocaine
[98] A.G. Costantino, Y.H. Caplan, B.S. Levine, A.M. Dixon, poisoning: report of two cases and review of the literature,
J.E. Smialek, Thiamylal: review of the literature and report Human Toxicol. 8 (1989) 389–392.
of a suicide, J. Forensic Sci. 35 (1990) 89–96. [122] S. Dawling, Fatal intoxication with acetonitrile, TIAFT
[99] A. Coutselinis, G. Dimopoulos, C. Dritsas, Fatal intoxica- Bull. 24 (3) (1994).
tion with chlorpromazine with special regard to the [123] S. De-Baere, E. Meyer, I. Dirinck, W. Lambert, M. Piette, C.
influence of putrefaction on its toxicological analysis, Van-Peteghem, A. De-Leenheer, Tissue distribution of
Forensic Sci. 4 (1974) 191–194. trichloroethylene and its metabolites in a forensic case, J.
[100] A. Coutselinis, R. Kentarchou, D. Boukis, Concentration Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 223–227.
levels of 2,4-D and 2,4, 5-T in forensic material, Forensic [124] N. De-Giovanni, N. Fucci, Gas chromatographic-mass
Sci. Int. 10 (1977) 203–204. spectrometric analysis of buflomedil hydrochloride in
[101] A. Coutselinis, D. Boukis, Quinine concentrations in blood biological samples after acute intoxication, Forensic Sci.
and viscera in a case of acute fatal intoxication, Clin. Chem. Int. 51 (1) (1991) 125–129.
23 (1977) 914. [125] D. De-Mercurio, M. Chiarotti, G.V. Giusti, Lethal orphena-
[102] D.F. Cowlishaw, W.H. Grieves, Theophylline fatality, drine intoxication: report of a case, Z. Rechtsmed. 82 (4)
TIAFT Bull. 20 (1) (1988). (1979) 349–353.
[103] D.E. Cox, D.J. Pounder, Evaluating suspected co-proxamol [126] N. De Giovanni, E. d’Aloja, Death due to baclofen and
overdose, Forensic Sci. Int. 57 (2) (1992) 147–156. dipyrone ingestion, Forensic Sci. Int. 123 (2001) 26–32.
[104] D.E. Cox, K.R. Williams, ‘‘ADAM’ or ‘‘EVE’?—a toxico- [127] G. De Groot, R.A.A. Maes, C.N. Hodnett, R.C. Kelly, R.O.
logical conundrum [published erratum appears in Forensic Bost, I. Sunshine, Four cases of fatal doxepin poisoning, J.
Sci. Int. 79 (1996) 67], Forensic Sci. Int. 77 (1996) 101–108. Anal. Toxicol. 2 (1978) 18–20.
[105] R.H. Cravey, R.C. Baselt, Methamphetamine poisoning, J. [128] E.A. De Letter, K.M. Clauwaert, W.E. Lambert, J. Van
Forensic Sci. Soc. 8 (1968) 118–120. Bocxlaer, A.P. De-Leenheer, M. Piette, Distribution study of
[106] R.H. Cravey, R.C. Baselt, Studies of the body distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and 3,4-methylene-
ethchlorvynol, J. Forensic Sci. 13 (1968) 532–536. dioxyamphetamine in a fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 26
[107] R.H. Cravey, D. Reed, Fatal poisoning by methampheta- (2002) 113–118.
mine, J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 10 (1970) 109–112. [129] T. Decaestecker, E.A. De Letter, K. Clauwaert, M.P.
[108] R.H. Cravey, R.F. Shaw, G.R. Nakamura, Incidence of Bouche, W.E. Lambert, J. Van Bocxlaer, M. Piette, E. Van
propoxyphene poisoning: a report of fatal cases, J. Forensic den Eeckhout, C. Van-Peteghem, A.P. De-Leenheer, Fatal 4-
Sci. 19 (1974) 72–80. MTA Intoxication: development of a liquid chromato-
[109] R.H. Cravey, D. Reed, J.L. Ragle, Phencyclidine-related graphic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for multiple
deaths: a report of nine fatal cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 3 matrices, J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 (2001) 705–710.
(1979) 199–201. [130] D.W. Denning, L. Matheson, S.M. Bryson, J. Streete, D.J.
[110] R.H. Cravey, Poisoning by paraquat, Clin. Toxicol. 14 Berry, J.A. Henry, Death due to carbamazepine self-poison-
(1979) 195–198. ing: remedies reviewed, Hum. Toxicol. 4 (1985) 255–260.
[131] V.J.M. Di Maio, L.D. Henry, Chloroquine poisoning, South. [153] J. Evers, B.U. Buttner, Fatal lorcainide poisoning, J.
Med. J. 67 (1974) 1031–1035. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 33 (1995) 157–159.
[132] V.J.M. Di Maio, J.C. Garriott, Four deaths due to [154] G. Fechner, I. Magureanu, R. Aderjan, G. Schmidt, Tödliche
intravenous injection of cocaine, Forensic Sci. Int. 12 Vergiftung mit Protriptylin und Haloperidol nach extremer
(1978) 119–125. Überdosierung, Z. Rechtsmed. 97 (1986) 277–283.
[133] S.J. Dickson, N.D. Blazey, Post-mortem digoxin levels—two [155] S. Felby, H. Christensen, A. Lund, Morphine concentrations
unusual case reports, Forensic Sci. Int. 9 (1977) 145–150. in blood and organs in cases of fatal poisoning, Forensic Sci.
[134] S.J. Dickson, J.M. Muirhead, P.E. Nelson, The gas 3 (1974) 77–81.
chromatographic determination of alprenolol in human [156] H.E. Felgate, A suicide involving fentanyl, TIAFT Bull. 19
postmortem liver and blood samples, J. Anal. Toxicol. 2 (3) (1987).
(1978) 242–244. [157] H.E. Felgate, P.D. Felgate, R.A. James, D.N. Sims, D.C.
[135] V.J.M. DiMaio, J.C. Garriott, A fatal overdose of para- Vozzo, Recent paramethoxyamphetamine deaths, J. Anal.
ldehyde during treatment of a case of delirium tremens, J. Toxicol. 22 (1998) 169–172.
Forensic Sci. 19 (1974) 755–758. [158] P. Fernandez, A.M. Bermejo, R.M. Lopez, A. Cruz, E.
[136] V.J.M. DiMaio, J.C. Garriott, Lethal caffeine poisoning in a Rodriguez, A. Otero, A fatal case of parenteral paraquat
child, Forensic Sci. Int. 3 (1974) 275–278. poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 49 (1991) 215–224.
[137] V.J.M. DiMaio, J.C. Garriott, R. Putnam, Digoxin concen- [159] G.C. Fernando, A suicide by thiopentone infusion, Am. J.
trations in postmortem specimens after overdose and Forensic Med. Pathol. 11 (1990) 309–311.
therapeutic use, J. Forensic Sci. 20 (1975) 340–347. [160] G.C. Fernando, A. Busuttil, Cyanide ingestion. Case studies
[138] V.J.M. DiMaio, J.C. Garriott, Intravenous abuse of propyl- of four suicides [published erratum appears in Am. J.
hexedrine, J. Forensic Sci. 22 (1977) 152–158. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14 (4) (1993) 353], Am. J. Forensic
[139] V.J.M. DiMaio, J.C. Garriott, A fatal case of lead poisoning Med. Pathol. 12 (1991) 241–246.
due to a retained bullet, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 22 (1980) 390– [161] S.D. Ferrara, L. Tedeschi, G. Frison, A. Rossi, Fatality due
391. to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and heroin intoxica-
[140] A. Dimitriou, H. Tsoukali, S.N. Njau, Fatal inhalation of tion, J. Forensic Sci. 40 (1995) 501–504.
benzene at the workplace, TIAFT Bull. 27 (3) (1997) 5. [162] K.E. Ferslew, A.N. Hagardorn, W.F. McCormick, A fatal
[141] E.C. Dinovo, R.O. Bost, I. Sunshine, L.A. Gottschalk, interaction of methocarbamol and ethanol in an accidental
Distribution of thioridazine and its metabolites in human poisoning, J. Forensic Sci. 35 (1990) 477–482.
tissues and fluids obtained postmortem, Clin. Chem. 24 [163] R.S. Fisher, B. Cysyk, A fatal overdose of carbamazepine:
(1978) 1828–1830. case report and review of literature, J. Toxicol. Clin.
[142] P.T. Donlon, J.P. Tupin, Successful suicides with thioridazine Toxicol. 26 (1988) 477–486.
and mesoridazine, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 34 (1977) 955–958. [164] R.L. Fitzgerald, Alprazolam: medical examiner case reports
[143] J.C. Downs, D. Milling, C.A. Nichols, Suicidal ingestion of and review of human exposure, TIAFT Bull. 24 (2) (1994).
barium-sulfide-containing shaving powder, Am. J. Forensic [165] L.M. Flannagan, J.D. Butts, W.H. Anderson, Fentanyl
Med. Pathol. 16 (1995) 56–61. patches left on dead bodies—potential source of drug for
[144] H. Druid, P. Holmgren, Fatal seizures associated with abusers, J. Forensic Sci. 41 (1996) 320–321.
trimipramine poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 49 (1991) 75–79. [166] A.R. Forrest, I. Marsh, J.H. Galloway, P.B. Gray, A rapidly
[145] O.H. Drummer, A fatality due to propofol poisoning, J. fatal overdose with flecainide, J. Anal. Toxicol. 15 (1991)
Forensic Sci. 37 (1992) 1186–1189. 41–43.
[146] O.H. Drummer, K. Opeskin, M. Syrjanen, S.M. Cordner, [167] A.R. Forrest, J.H. Galloway, I.D. Marsh, G.A. Strachan, J.C.
Methadone toxicity causing death in ten subjects starting on Clark, A fatal overdose with 3,4-methylenedioxyampheta-
a methadone maintenance program, Am. J. Forensic Med. mine derivatives, Forensic Sci. Int. 64 (1994) 57–59.
Pathol. 13 (1992) 346–350. [168] A.D. Fraser, A.F. Isner, R.A. Perry, Toxicologic studies in a
[147] O.H. Drummer, M.L. Syrjanen, M. Phelan, S.M. Cordner, A fatal overdose of 2,4-D, mecoprop, and dicamba, J. Forensic
study of deaths involving oxycodone, J. Forensic Sci. 39 Sci. 29 (1984) 1237–1241.
(1994) 1069–1075. [169] A.D. Fraser, A.F. Isner, M.A. Moss, A fatality involving
[148] O.H. Drummer, Toxicology, in: J.A. Siegel, P.J. Saukko, clomipramine, J. Forensic Sci. 31 (1986) 762–767.
G.C. Knupfer (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, [170] A.D. Fraser, A.F. Isner, R.A. Perry, Distribution of
vol. 3, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2000, p. 1364. trimipramine and its major metabolites in a fatal overdose
[149] A.W. Dudley, N.T. Thapar, Fatal human ingestion of 2,4-D, case, J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987) 168–170.
a common herbicide, Arch. Pathol. 94 (1972) 270–276. [171] A.D. Fraser, A.F. Isner, A carpipramine related fatality, J.
[150] W.A. Dunn, L.A. Lockrey, M.W. McCain, T.J. Siek, A Forensic Sci. 32 (1987) 1103–1108.
report of a suicide involving digoxin and doxepin, J. Anal. [172] A.D. Fraser, E. Susnik, A.F. Isner, Analysis of 2-
Toxicol. 18 (1994) 122–123. hydroxyimipramine in an imipramine-related fatality, J.
[151] L.E. Edinboro, A. Poklis, D. Trautman, S. Lowry, R. Forensic Sci. 32 (1987) 543–549.
Backer, C.M. Harvey, Fatal fentanyl intoxication following [173] A.D. Fraser, W. MacNeil, A.F. Isner, Toxicological analysis
excessive transdermal application, J. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) of a fatal baclofen (Lioresal) ingestion, J. Forensic Sci. 36
741–743. (1991) 1596–1602.
[152] S.P. Elliott, Fatal poisoning with a new phenylethylamine: [174] P.N. Friel, B.K. Logan, C.L. Fligner, Three fatal drug
4-methylthioamphetamine (4MTA), J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 overdoses involving bupropion, J. Anal. Toxicol. 17 (1993)
(2000) 85–89. 436–438.
[175] N. Fucci, C. Offidani, An unusual death by propanolol [197] B.A. Goldberger, E.J. Cone, T.M. Grant, Y.H. Caplan, B.S.
ingestion, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 21 (2000) 56–58. Levine, J.E. Smialek, Disposition of heroin and its
[176] N. Fucci, B. Romano, A. Zirilli, Acute intoxication with metabolites in heroin-related deaths, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18
orphenadrine and clozapine, Forensic Sci. Int. 123 (2001) (1994) 22–28.
13–16. [198] M. Gotoh, M. Sakata, T. Endo, H. Hayashi, H. Seno, O.
[177] T. Fukunaga, Y. Mizoi, J. Adachi, Y. Tatsuno, S. Fujiwara, Suzuki, Profenofos metabolites in human poisoning,
Y. Ueno, Methamphetamine concentrations in blood, urine, Forensic Sci. Int. 116 (2001) 221–226.
and organs of fatal cases after abuse, Nippon Hoigaku. [199] J.P. Goulle, C. Lacroix, G. Gharios, B. Maitrot, Clozapine
Zasshi. 41 (1987) 328–334. poisoning, TIAFT Bull. 27 (1) (1997) 8–9.
[178] L.J. Fuortes, A case of fatal methyl bromide poisoning, Vet. [200] R.E. Gray, R.D. Gilliland, E.E. Smith, V.G. Lockard, A.S.
Hum. Toxicol. 34 (1992) 240–241. Hume, Pentachlorophenol intoxication: report of a fatal
[179] Y. Gaillard, G. Pepin, Moclobemide fatalities: report of two case, with comments on the clinical course and pathologic
cases and analytical determinations by GC–MS and HPLC– anatomy, Arch. Environ. Health 40 (3) (1985) 161–164.
PDA after solid-phase extraction, Forensic Sci. Int. 87 [201] W. Grellner, H. Kaferstein, G. Sticht, Combination of fatal
(1997) 239–248. digoxin poisoning with endocardial fibroelastosis, Forensic
[180] B. Ganssmann, G. Skopp, R. Aderjan, R. Mattern, Tödliche Sci. Int. 89 (1997) 211–216.
Vergiftung mit Clozapin und Perazin, Eine Falldarstellung. [202] H. Gruska, V. Becker, K.H. Beyer, J. Husten, S. Kubicki, D.
Arch. Kriminol. 201 (1998) 11–20. Weiss, Klinik, Toxikologie und Therapie einer schweren
[181] R. Garnier, J. Bedouin, G. Pepin, Y. Gaillard, Coin-operated Carbromalvergiftung mit letalem Ausgang, Arch. Toxikol.
dry cleaning machines may be responsible for acute 26 (1970) 149–160.
tetrachloroethylene poisoning: report of 26 cases including [203] E. Grusz-Harday, Spektrophotometrische Kupferbestim-
one death, J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 34 (1996) 191–197. mungen aus Leichenteilen bei drei Fällen von Kupfersul-
[182] J.C. Garriott, W.Q. Sturner, M.F. Mason, Toxicologic fatvergiftung, Arch. Toxicol. 24 (1969) 338–340.
findings in six fatalities involving methadone, Clin. Toxicol. [204] H.E. Grusz, Tödliche Nicotinvergiftungen, Arch. Toxikol.
6 (1973) 163–173. 23 (1967) 35–41.
[183] J.C. Garriott, R. Rodriquez, L.E. Norton, Two cases of death [205] J.M. Gulliver, A fatal copper sulfate poisoning, J. Anal.
involving dicyclomine in infants. Measurement of thera- Toxicol. 15 (1991) 341–342.
peutic and toxic concentrations in blood, J. Toxicol. Clin. [206] W.J. Gut, Child’s suicide involving ajmaline, TIAFT Bull.
Toxicol. 22 (1984) 455–462. 25 (3) (1995).
[184] J.C. Garriott, R. Rodriguez, M.V. Di, A death from fentanyl [207] F.B. Hall, C.H. Hine, Trichloroethane intoxication: a report
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 8 (1984) 288–289. of two cases, J. Forensic Sci. 11 (1966) 404–413.
[185] J.C. Garriott, L.M. Simmons, A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, Five [208] M.A. Hall, C.A. Robinson, R.M. Brissie, High-performance
cases of fatal overdose from caffeine-containing ‘‘look- liquid chromatography of alprazolam in postmortem blood
alike’’ drugs, J. Anal. Toxicol. 9 (1985) 141–143. using solid-phase extraction, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995)
[186] G. Gastmeier, J. Eulitz, Tödliche Talinolol-(Cordanum)- 511–513.
Intoxikation, Pharmazie 33 (1978) 463–464. [209] P. Hantson, V. Haufroid, P. Mahieu, Determination of formic
[187] J.M. Gaulier, P. Marquet, E. Lacassie, J.L. Dupuy, G. acid tissue and fluid concentrations in three fatalities due to
Lachatre, Fatal intoxication folowing self-administration of methanol poisoning, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 21 (2000)
a massive dose of buprenorphine, J. Forensic Sci. 45 (2000) 335–338.
226–228. [210] P. Hantson, R. Vanbinst, P. Mahieu, Determination of
[188] R. Gault, J.R. Monforte, S. Khasnabis, A death involving ethylene glycol tissue content after fatal oral poisoning and
propranolol (Inderal), Clin. Toxicol. 11 (1977) 295–299. pathological findings, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 23
[189] A. Geraut, P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, Toxicological (2002) 159–161.
findings in a fatality involving chlorpromazine, TIAFT Bull. [211] R. Hanzlick, G.T. Gowitt, W. Wall, Deaths due to caffeine in
24 (2) (1994). ‘‘look-alike drugs’’, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 (1986) 126.
[190] J.E. Gerber, B. Cawthon, Overdose and death with [212] R.L. Hanzlick, Postmortem blood concentrations of parent
olanzapine, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 21 (2000) 249– tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs in 11 cases of suicide,
251. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 5 (1984) 11–13.
[191] T.J. Gillespie, A.J. Gandolfi, T.P. Davis, R.A. Morano, [213] K. Hara, T. Nagata, K. Kimura, Forensic toxicologic
Identification and quantification of alpha-methylfentanyl in analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in body
post mortem specimens, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982) 139–142. materials by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Z.
[192] G.V. Giusti, M. Chiarotti, Lethal nitrazepam intoxications, Rechtsmed. 96 (1986) 93–104.
Z. Rechtsmed. 84 (1979) 75–78. [214] K. Harada, T. Ichiyama, H. Ikeda, T. Ishihara, K. Yoshida,
[193] G.V. Giusti, M. Chiarotti, Double ‘suicide’ by chloroform in An autopsy case of acute chloroform intoxication after
a pair of twins, Med. Sci. Law 21 (1) (1981) 2–3. intermittent inhalation for years, Nippon Hoigaku. Zasshi.
[194] K.E. Goeringer, I.M. McIntyre, O.H. Drummer, Postmortem 51 (1997) 319–323.
tissue concentrations of venlafaxine, Forensic Sci. Int. 121 [215] K. Harada, T. Ichiyama, H. Ikeda, K. Yoshida, A fatal case
(2001) 70–75. of oral ingestion of benzine, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol.
[195] K.T. Goh, Fatal overdose with citalopram, Lancet 348 20 (1999) 84–98.
(1996) 339–340. [216] L. Harsanyi, A. Nemeth, A. Lang, Paraquat (gramoxone)
[196] R.G. Gold, Fenfluramine overdosage, Lancet 2 (1969) 1306. poisoning in south-west Hungary, 1977–1984. Toxicological
and histopathological aspects of group intoxication cases, [238] P.X. Iten, D. Frangi, O. Jaggi, F.B.C. Leuenberger-West,
Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 8 (1987) 131–134. Fatal propranolol intoxication, TIAFT Bull. 23 (2) (1993).
[217] A.R. Hastreiter, P.W. Kim, R. van-der-Horst, Accidental [239] S. Iwersen-Bergmann, P. Rösner, H.C. Kühnau, M. Junge,
digoxin overdose in an infant: postmortem tissue concen- A. Schmoldt, Death after excessive propofol abuse, Int. J.
trations, J. Forensic Sci. 28 (1983) 482–488. Legal Med. 114 (2001) 248–251.
[218] G. Hauck, R. Henn, Histopathologische und chemisch- [240] S. Iwersen, A. Schmoldt, One fatal and one nonfatal
toxikologische Befunde bei einer akuten tödlichen Borsäur- intoxication with tranylcypromine. Absence of ampheta-
evergiftung, Arch. Toxicol. 25 (1969) 83–88. mines as metabolites, J. Anal. Toxicol. 20 (1996) 301–304.
[219] E. Hausmann, H. Wewer, H.H. Wellhoner, J.P. Weller, [241] B. Jacob, C. Heller, T. Daldrup, K.F. Burrig, J. Barz, W.
Lethal intoxication with diphenhydramine. Report of a case Bonte, Fatal accidental enflurane intoxication, J. Forensic
with analytical follow-up, Arch. Toxicol. 53 (1983) 33–39. Sci. 34 (1989) 1408–1412.
[220] D.M. Havlick, K.B. Nolte, Fatal ‘‘crack’’ cocaine ingestion [242] R.K. Jadhav, V.K. Sharma, G.J. Rao, A.K. Saraf, H.
in an infant, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 21 (2000) 245– Chandra, Distribution of malathion in body tissues and
248. fluids, Forensic Sci. Int. 52 (1992) 223–229.
[221] A.M. Hayler, D.W. Holt, G.N. Volans, Fatal overdosage [243] E.J. Janowska, E.M. Chudzikiewicz, A report of suicide
with disopyramide, Lancet 1 (1978) 968–969. involving verapamil, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 38 (1996) 210–
[222] W.L. Hearn, E.E. Keran, H.A. Wei, G. Hime, Site-dependent 211.
postmortem changes in blood cocaine concentrations, J. [244] E.H. Jenis, R.J. Payne, L.R. Goldbaum, Acute meprobamate
Forensic Sci. 36 (1991) 673–684. poisoning, JAMA 207 (1969) 361–362.
[223] J.H. Hebb, Y.H. Caplan, C.R. Crooks, W.J. Mergner, Blood [245] A.J. Jenkins, B. Levine, J.L. Locke, J.E. Smialek, A fatality
and tissue concentrations of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in due to alprazolam intoxication, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997)
post mortem cases: Literature survey and a study of forty 218–220.
deaths, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982) 209–216. [246] S. Jensen, M. Gregersen, Fatal poisoning with intravenously
[224] A. Heinemann, S. Miyaishi, S. Iwersen, A. Schmoldt, K. injected methadone and no fresh injection marks found, Int.
Püschel, Body-packing as cause of unexpected sudden J. Legal. Med. 104 (1991) 299–301.
death, Forensic Sci. Int. 92 (1998) 1–10. [247] G. Jobba, B. Rengei, Über die Neopol-Vergiftung, Arch.
[225] L.D. Henry, V.J. DiMaio, A fatal case of hexachlorophene Toxicol. 27 (1971) 106–110.
poisoning, Mil. Med. 139 (1974) 41–42. [248] G.R. Johnson, A fatal case involving pyrilamine, Clin.
[226] M.J. Hoes, J.H. Zeijpveld, First report of mirtazapine Toxicol. 18 (1981) 907–909.
overdose, Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 11 (1996) 147. [249] G.R. Johnson, A fatal case involving hydroxyzine, J. Anal.
[227] M. Holzbecher, R.A. Perry, H.A. Ellenberger, Report of a Toxicol. 6 (1982) 69–70.
metoprolol-associated death, J. Forensic Sci. 27 (1982) 715– [250] A.W. Jones, M.A. Clark, B.L. Mullen, Suicide by ingestion
717. of propanolol, J. Forensic Sci. 27 (1982) 213–216.
[228] M. Holzbecher, R.A. Perry, H.S. Ellenberger, Acetamino- [251] A.W. Jones, A. Lofgren, A. Eklund, R. Grundin, Two
phen fatality—a case report, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 17 fatalities from ingestion of acetonitrile: limited specificity of
(1984) 32–33. analysis by headspace gas chromatography [see comments],
[229] M.D. Holzbecher, C.J. Hutton, A fatal case involving J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992) 104–106.
diltiazem, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 21 (1985) 135–137. [252] G.R. Jones, P.P. Singer, B. Bannach, Application of LC-MS
[230] I. Hood, J.R. Monforte, R. Gault, H. Mirchandani, Fatality analysis to a colchicine fatality, J. Anal. Toxicol. 26 (2002)
from illicit phendimetrazine use, Clin. Toxicol. 26 (1988) 365–369.
249–255. [253] R.D. Jones, D.P. Winter, Two case reports of deaths on
[231] J.M. Horder, Fatal chlormethiazole poisoning in chronic industrial premises attributed to 1,11-trichloroethane, Arch.
alcoholics, BMJ 1 (1978) 693–694. Environ. Health 38 (1983) 59–61.
[232] H.E. Hurst, C.H. Jarboe, Clinical findings, elimination [254] S. Jourdan, M. Bertoni, P. Sergio, P. Michele, M. Rossi,
pharmacokinetics, and tissue drug concentrations following Suicidal poisoning with barium chloride, Forensic Sci. Int.
a fatal amitriptyline intoxication, Clin. Toxicol. 18 (1981) 119 (2001) 263–265.
119–125. [255] B.P. Joynt, N.Z. Mikhael, Sudden death of a heroin body
[233] J.D. Hutchison, J. Harris, A. Rasmussen, S.A. Schlueter, packer, J. Anal. Toxicol. 9 (1985) 238–240.
Concentrations of butriptyline in biological fluids following [256] N. Jusic, M. Lader, Post-mortem antipsychotic drug
a fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) 220–224. concentrations and unexplained deaths, Br. J. Psychiatry
[234] R. Iffland, H. Ramme, Chloroformvergiftung eines jugen- 165 (1994) 787–791.
dlichen Drogenkonsumenten, Arch. Toxicol. 53 (1983) 289– [257] E. Kaa, K. Selvig, H. Dybdahl, A. Siboni, A case of fluoride
295. poisoning, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 7 (1986) 266–
[235] S.C. Ifftsits, Fatal, suicidal chloroquine poisonings, Arch. 267.
Toxikol. 23 (1968) 204–208. [258] H.A. Kaliciak, S.C. Chan, Distribution of prilocaine in body
[236] N. Ikeda, K. Umetsu, T. Suzuki, K. Gonmori, K. Takahashi, fluids and tissues in lethal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10
An infant fatality involving ajmaline, J. Forensic Sci. 33 (1986) 75–76.
(1988) 558–561. [259] H.A. Kaliciak, S.N. Huckin, W.S. Cave, A death attributed
[237] F. Introna, J.E. Smialek, The ‘‘mini-packer’’ syndrome. solely to diltiazem, J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992) 102–103.
Fatal ingestion of drug containers in Baltimore, Maryland, [260] J.R. Kalin, K.M. Wood, A.J. Lee, A possible suicide by
Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 10 (1989) 21–24. diltiazem overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) 180–182.
[261] J.R. Kalin, R.M. Brissie, A case of homicide by lethal [282] P. Kintz, P. Mangin, Digoxin poisoning, TIAFT Bull. 21 (4)
injection with lidocaine, J. Forensic Sci. 47 (2002) 1135– (1991).
1138. [283] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A Geille, D. Potard, G.
[262] R. Karinen, P.K. Monge, H. Morland, A.S. Christophersen, Petit, Trichloroethylene fatal poisoning: a report on two
A novel case of methyl bromide poisoning, TIAFT Bull. 32 cases, TIAFT Bull. 21 (1) (1991).
(3) (2002). [284] P. Kintz, P. Mangin, Toxicological findings in a death
[263] S. Katsumata, K. Sato, H. Kashiwade, S. Yamanami, H. involving dextromethorphan and terfenadine, Am. J.
Zhou, I. Yonemura, H. Nakajima, H. Hasekura, Sudden Forensic Med. Pathol. 13 (1992) 351–352.
death due presumably to internal use of methamphetamine, [285] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, Suicidal ingestion of
Forensic Sci. Int. 62 (1993) 209–215. amoxapine, TIAFT Bull. 23 (1) (1993).
[264] H. Käferstein, G. Sticht, F. Pluisch, Intoxikation mit [286] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, D. Potard, G. Petit, P. Mangin, An
Perazin—Organverteilung und Interpretation, Arch. Krimi- unusual death by zipeprol overdose, Forensic Sci. Int. 64
nol. 200 (2000) 82–87. (1994) 159–163.
[265] T. Keller, G. Skopp, M. Wu, R. Aderjan, Fatal overdose of [287] P. Kintz, F. Berthault, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A fatal case of
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Forensic Sci. Int. alimemazine poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995) 591–
65 (1994) 13–18. 594.
[266] T. Keller, U. Zollinger, Gas chromatographic examination of [288] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, B. Ludes, The distribution of
postmortem specimens after maprotiline intoxication, For- laudanosine in tissues after death from atracurium injection,
ensic Sci. Int. 88 (1997) 117–123. Int. J. Legal Med. 114 (2000) 93–95.
[267] T. Keller, A. Miki, S. Binda, R. Dirnhofer, Fatal overdose of [289] W. Kisser, Über eine tödliche Vergiftung mit Dibenzepin,
clozapine, Forensic Sci. Int. 86 (1997) 119–125. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 123 (1973) 747–749.
[268] M. Kemal, R. Imami, A. Poklis, A fatal methocarbamol [290] W. Kisser, Über eine tödliche Cocainvergiftung, Z.
intoxication, J. Forensic Sci. 27 (1982) 217–222. Rechtsmed. 94 (1985) 155–158.
[269] A.V. Kemmenoe, An infant fatality due to hydroxychlor- [291] E. Klaschik, Medikamentöse Schmerztherapie bei Tumor-
oquine poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (1990) 186–188. patienten, fifth ed., Pallia Med Verlag, Bonn, 1998.
[270] A. Khan, B.J. Muscat, Fatal oxprenolol poisoning, Br. Med. [292] M. Klein, R. Namer, E. Harpur, R. Corbin, Earthenware
J. 1 (6060) (1977) 552. containers as a source of fatal lead poisoning, New Engl. J.
[271] T. Khodasevitch, J. Volgram, A fatal case involving Med. 283 (1970) 669–672.
zolpidem, TIAFT Bull. 26 (2) (1996). [293] N.C. Klendshoj, T.A. Rejent, Tissue levels of some
[272] N.Y. Kim, S.W. Park, J.K. Suh, Two fatal cases of poisoning agents less frequently encountered, J. Forensic
dichloromethane or chloroform poisoning, J. Forensic Sci. Sci. 11 (1966) 75–80.
41 (1996) 527–529. [294] A. Klingmann, G. Skopp, I. Pedal, L. Pötsch, R. Aderjan,
[273] R.L. Kincaid, M.M. McMullin, S.B. Crookham, F. Rieders, Verteilung von Morphin und Morphinglucuroniden in
Report of a fluoxetine fatality, J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (1990) Körpergeweben und -flüssigkeiten- Postmortale Befunde
327–329. bei kurzer Überlebenszeit, Arch. Kriminol. 201 (2001) 38–
[274] P. Kintz, L.S. Ritter, J.M. Lamant, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, 49.
A.A. Lugnier, A.J. Chaumont, Fatal chloroquine self- [295] E. Klug, V. Schneider, Tödliche Vergiftung durch Chlor-
poisoning, Hum. Toxicol. 7 (1988) 541–543. oquin, Arch. Toxikol. 26 (1970) 176–178.
[275] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A.A. Lugnier, Fatal [296] E. Klug, V. Schneider, Tödliche Vergiftung mit Acebutolol
meprobamate self-poisoning, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. (Prent), Z. Rechtsmed. 83 (1979) 325–330.
9 (1988) 139–140. [297] E. Klug, V. Schneider, Vergiftungen durch Clomethiazol, Z.
[276] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A.A. Lugnier, A.J. Rechtsmed. 93 (2) (1984) 89–94.
Chaumont, A simple gas chromatographic identification [298] A.R. Koch, D.P. Vogelaers, J.M. Decruyenaere, B. Callens,
and determination of 11 CNS stimulants in biological A. Verstraete, W.A. Buylaert, Fatal intoxication with
samples. Application on a fatality involving phendimetra- amlodipine, J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 33 (1995) 253–256.
zine, Forensic Sci. Int. 40 (1989) 153–159. [299] J.F. Koepke, A.J. McBay, Fatal verapamil poisoning, J.
[277] P. Kintz, P. Mangin, A.A. Lugnier, A.J. Chaumont, Forensic Sci. 32 (1987) 1431–1434.
Toxicological data after heroin overdose, Hum. Toxicol. 8 [300] R.M. Kohr, Suicide by chloroform ingestion following self-
(1989) 487–489. mutilation, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 11 (1990) 324–328.
[278] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A. Lugnier, A. Chaumont, [301] T. Kojima, I. Une, M. Yashiki, CI-mass fragmentographic
Toxicological findings after fatal dextromoramide injection, analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human
Clin. Toxicol. 27 (1989) 385–388. autopsy tissues after acute methamphetamine poisoning,
[279] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, A. Lugnier, A. Chaumont, Forensic Sci. Int. 21 (1983) 253–258.
Fatal intoxication by dextromoramide: a report on two [302] T. Kojima, I. Une, M. Yashiki, J. Noda, K. Sakai, K.
cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 13 (1989) 238–239. Yamamoto, A fatal methamphetamine poisoning associated
[280] P. Kintz, B. Godelar, P. Mangin, Gas chromatographic with hyperpyrexia, Forensic Sci. Int. 24 (1984) 87–93.
identification and quantification of hydroxyzine: application [303] C. Köppel, J. Kristinsson, A. Wagemann, J. Tenczer, F.
in a fatal self-poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 48 (1990) 139–143. Martens, Chlormezanone plasma and blood levels in
[281] P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, P. Mangin, Codeine concentrations in patients after single and repeated oral doses and after
human samples in a case of fatal ingestion, Int. J. Legal suicidal drug overdose, Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.
Med. 104 (1991) 177–178. 16 (1991) 43–47.
[304] C. Köppel, H. Baudisch, K.H. Beyer, I. Klöppel, V. [326] B. Levine, D. Chute, Y.H. Caplan, Flecainide intoxication, J.
Schneider, Fatal poisoning with selenium dioxide, Clin. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (5) (1990) 335–336.
Toxicol. 24 (1986) 21–35. [327] B. Levine, J.C. Goodin, Y.H. Caplan, A fentanyl fatality
[305] C. Kramer, M. Tawney, A fatal overdose of transdermally involving midazolam, Forensic Sci. Int. 45 (1990) 247–251.
administered fentanyl, J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98 (1998) [328] B. Levine, R. Jones, K. Klette, M.L. Smith, E. Kilbane, An
385–386. intoxication involving BRON and verapamil, J. Anal.
[306] J.C. Kraner, D.J. McCoy, M.A. Evans, L.E. Evans, B.J. Toxicol. 17 (1993) 381–383.
Sweeney, Fatalities caused by the MDMA-related drug [329] B. Levine, R. Jones, M.L. Smith, T.M. Gudewicz, B.
paramethoxyamphetamine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 (2001) 645– Peterson, A multiple drug intoxication involving cycloben-
648. zaprine and ibuprofen, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14
[307] W. Krauland, V. Schneider, E. Klug, Tödliche Nicotinver- (1993) 246–248.
giftung bei fehlerhaft durchgeführtem Nicotintest, Z. [330] B. Levine, A. Jenkins, D. Chute, J.E. Smialek, Perphenazine
Rechtsmed. 72 (1973) 269–277. distribution in a postmortem case, J. Anal. Toxicol. 23
[308] J. Kristinsson, T. Johannesson, A case of fatal propanolol (1999) 127–129.
intoxication, Acta Pharm. Toxcol. 41 (1977) 190–192. [331] B. Levine, R.A. Jufer, J.E. Smialek, Lamotrigine distribu-
[309] K. Kudo, T. Imamura, N. Jitsufuchi, X.X. Zhang, H. tion in two postmortem cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 (2000)
Tokunaga, T. Nagata, Death attributed to the toxic 635–637.
interaction of triazolam, amitriptyline and other psycho- [332] B. Levine, A. Grieshaber, J. Pestaner, K.A. Moore, J.E.
tropic drugs, Forensic Sci. Int. 86 (1997) 35–41. Smialek, Distribution of triazolam and alpha-hydroxytria-
[310] J.J. Kuhlman, J. Magluilo, B. Levine, M. Smith, Two deaths zolam in a fatal intoxication case, J. Anal. Toxicol. 26
involving isoflurane abuse, J. Forensic Sci. 38 (1993) 968– (2002) 52–54.
971. [333] B.S. Levine, S.C. Wu, B.A. Goldberger, Y.H. Caplan, Two
[311] G.W. Kunsman, T.P. Rohrig, Tissue distribution of ibuprofen fatalities involving haloperidol, J. Anal. Toxicol. 15 (1991)
in a fatal overdose, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14 (1993) 282–284.
48–50. [334] J.F. Lewin, R.J. Norris, J.T. Hughes, Three cases of
[312] G.W. Kunsman, R. Rodriguez, P. Rodriguez, Fluvoxamine maldison (malathion) poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 2
distribution in postmortem cases, Am. J. Forensic Med. (1973) 101–105.
Pathol. 20 (1999) 78–83. [335] J.F. Lewin, W.T. Cleary, An accidental death caused by the
[313] W. Lambert, J. Van-Bocxlaer, M. Piette, A. De-Leenheer, A absorption of phenol through skin. A case report, Forensic
fatal case of trazodone and dothiepin poisoning: toxicolo- Sci. Int. 19 (1982) 177–179.
gical findings [see comments], J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) [336] M. Licata, G. Pierini, G. Popoli, A fatal ketamine poisoning,
176–179. J. Forensic Sci. 39 (1994) 1314–1320.
[314] W.E. Lambert, M. Piette, C. Van-Peteghem, A.P. De- [337] M.R. Lichtenwalner, R.G. Tully, R.D. Cohn, R.D. Pinder,
Leenheer, Application of high-performance liquid chroma- Two fatalities involving phenelzine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19
tography to a fatality involving azide, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995) 265–266.
(1995) 261–264. [338] K. Lieske, K. Püschel, A. Schmoldt, Ungewöhnliche Intima-
[315] D.L. Lamont, J.A. Duflou, Copper sulfate, Am. J. Forensic und Endokardschädigung nach suizidaler Infusion von
Med. Pathol. 9 (1988) 226–227. Thiobutabarbital, Z. Rechtsmed. 99 (1987) 197–203.
[316] A.M. Langford, D.J. Pounder, Possible markers for post- [339] D.S. Lo, E.W. Goh, Y.J. Yao, K.P. Wee, The first fatal
mortem drug redistribution, J. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) 88–92. overdose with MDMA in singapore, TIAFT Bull. 31 (3)
[317] F.A. Laubscher, Fatal diphenylhydantoin poisoning, JAMA (2001) 13–14.
198 (1966) 1120–1121. [340] D.S. Lo, H.T. Leong, Y.J. Yao, A new lethal blood
[318] T. Lech, Analytical findings in a fatal poisoning with silver promethazine level—a neonatal death, TIAFT Bull. 32 (4)
compound, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 580–583. (2002) 17.
[319] J. Lefkidou, S. Marianou, G. Dimopoulos, V. Roussis, B.E. [341] C.P. LoDico, B.S. Levine, B.A. Goldberger, Y.H. Caplan,
Mazomenos, A fatal incident associated with propofol, Distribution of isoniazid in an overdose death, J. Anal.
TIAFT Bull. 24 (4) (1994). Toxicol. 16 (1992) 57–59.
[320] R. Lemke, M. Erkens, Letale E 605-Vergiftung nach [342] B.K. Logan, E.L. Weiss, R.C. Harruff, Case report:
intravenöser Applikation, Z. Rechtsmed. 92 (1984) 145–147. distribution of methamphetamine in a massive fatal
[321] B. Levine, M.F. Fierro, S.W. Goza, J.C. Valentour, A tetra- ingestion, J. Forensic Sci. 41 (1996) 322–323.
chloroethylene fatality, J. Forensic Sci. 26 (1998) 206–209. [343] E. Logemann, B. Krutzfeldt, S. Pollak, Suizidale Einnahme
[322] B. Levine, J. Saady, M. Fierro, J. Valentour, A hydro- von elementarem Arsen, Arch. Kriminol. 185 (1990) 80–
morphone and ethanol fatality, J. Forensic Sci. 29 (1984) 88.
655–659. [344] E. Logemann, G. van-der-Smissen, Intoxikation mit einem
[323] B. Levine, Y.H. Caplan, A.M. Dixon, A fatality involving Dichlormethan-haltigen Abbeizmittel, Arch. Kriminol. 188
phentermine, J. Forensic Sci. 29 (1984) 1242–1245. (1991) 159–166.
[324] B. Levine, J.I. Park, T.D. Smith, Y.H. Caplan, Chloral [345] R.J. Lokan, A.C. Dinan, An apparent fatal valproic acid
hydrate: Unusually high concentrations in a fatal overdose, poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 12 (1988) 35–37.
J. Anal. Toxicol. 9 (1985) 232–233. [346] H. Lotfi, S. Clement, J. Debord, A. Brosset, D. Dumont, G.
[325] B. Levine, D.F. Smyth, Y.H. Caplan, A diflunisal related Lachatre, A fatal case involving halothane intoxication,
fatality: a case report, Forensic Sci. Int. 35 (1) (1987) 45–50. TIAFT Bull. 24 (3) (1994).
[347] T. Lukaszewski, Acute tetrachloroethylene fatality, Clin. [369] R. Matoba, H. Kimura, E. Uchima, T. Abe, T. Yamada, Y.
Toxicol. 15 (1979) 411–415. Mitsukuni, I. Shikata, An autopsy case of acute selenium
[348] T. Lukaszewski, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine over- (selenious acid) poisoning and selenium levels in human
dose, Clin. Toxicol. 15 (1979) 405–409. tissues, Forensic Sci. Int. 31 (1986) 87–92.
[349] A. Lund, G.D. Nielsen, Dextropropoxyphene concentrations [370] H. Maxeiner, E. Klug, Lethal suicidal intoxication with
in blood in cases of fatal poisoning, Z. Rechtsmed. 71 propafenone, after a history of self-inflicted injuries,
(1972) 148–152. Forensic Sci. Int. 89 (1997) 27–32.
[350] G.D. Lundberg, J.C. Garriott, P.C. Reynolds, R.H. Cravey, [371] C.D. Mazzola, S. Miron, A. Jenkins, Loxapine intoxication:
R.F. Shaw, Cocaine-related death, J. Forensic Sci. 22 (1977) case report and literature review, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 (2000)
402–408. 638–641.
[351] M.J. Lynch, A. Kotsos, Fatal benztropine toxicity, Med. Sci. [372] M.B. McGee, S.G. Jejurikar, L.C. VanBerkom, A double
Law 41 (2001) 155–158. homicide as a result of chloroform poisoning, J. Forensic
[352] R.A.A. Maes, C.N. Hodnett, H. Landesman, G. Kananen, Sci. 32 (1987) 1453–1459.
B.S. Finkle, I. Sunshine, The gas chromatographic determi- [373] I.M. McIntyre, C.V. King, S.M. Cordner, O.H. Drummer,
nation of selected sedatives in biological material, J. Postmortem clomipramine: therapeutic or toxic concentra-
Forensic Sci. 14 (1969) 235–254. tions? J. Forensic Sci. 39 (1994) 486–493.
[353] I. Magureanu, G. Schmitt, H. Joachim, Suizid mit [374] I.M. McIntyre, M.L. Syrjanen, K.L. Lawrence, C.A. Dow,
Chloroquin unter Beteiligung von Maprotilin und Trimipra- O.H. Drummer, A fatality due to flurazepam, J. Forensic
min, Arch. Kriminol. 190 (1992) 82–87. Sci. 39 (1994) 1571–1574.
[354] R.D. Maier, B. Benkert, Toxikologische Aspekte beim [375] I.M. McIntyre, C.V. King, V. Staikos, J. Gall, O.H.
mehrtägigen Verlauf einer tödlichen Chloroquin-Intoxika- Drummer, A fatality involving moclobemide, sertraline,
tion, Z. Rechtsmed. 92 (1984) 27–33. and pimozide, J. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) 951–953.
[355] R.D. Maier, R. Lemke, Tödliche Oxprenolol (Trasicor)- [376] V.J. McLinden, Dibenzepine poisoning, J. Forensic Sci. Soc.
Intoxikation, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 43 (1985) 155–159. 10 (1970) 135–138.
[356] R. Malhotra, M. Wang, Fatal ingestion of opiates, TIAFT [377] R.C. Meatherall, D.R. Guay, J.L. Chalmers, J.R. Keenan, A
Bull. 25 (2) (1995). fatal overdose with clomipramine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 7 (1983)
[357] P. Mangin, P. Kintz, A. Tracqui, B. Ludes, A.A. Lugnier, 168–171.
A.J. Chaumont, A fatal ingestion of sparteine and [378] R.C. Meatherall, D.R. Guay, J.M. Nokes, J.R. Keenan,
meprobamate: medicolegal and toxicological data, Acta Toxicological findings in a death resulting from the
Med. Leg. Soc. Liege 39 (1989) 385–388. ingestion of trimipramine, J. Forensic Sci. 28 (1983)
[358] T. Manning, J.H. Bidanset, S. Cohen, L. Lukash, Evaluation 1023–1029.
of the abuscreen for methadone, J. Forensic Sci. 21 (1976) [379] J.E. Meeker, P.W. Herrmann, C.W. Som, P.C. Reynolds,
112–120. Clozapine tissue concentrations following an apparent
[359] M. Manno, M. Rugge, V. Cocheo, Double fatal inhalation of suicidal overdose of Clozaril, J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992)
dichloromethane, Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 11 (1992) 540–545. 54–56.
[360] J. Markiewicz, K. Kobylecka, A suicidal case of poisoning [380] J.E. Meeker, C.W. Som, E.C. Macapagal, P.A. Benson,
with a large dose of arsenic trioxide, TIAFT Bull. 22 (4) Zolpidem tissue concentrations in a multiple drug related
(1992). death involving Ambien, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995) 531–
[361] E.P. Marques, F. Gil, P. Proenca, P. Monsanto, M.F. Oliveira, 534.
A. Cstanheira, D.N. Vieira, Analytical method for the [381] K. Meichsner, R. Lessig, K. Muller, H.J. Wehran, Suizidale
determination of strychnine in tissues by gas chromato- Chloroformintoxikation, Arch. Kriminol. 201 (1998) 21–23.
graphy/mass spectrometry: two case reports, Forensic Sci. [382] S.M. Menchel, W.A. Dunn, Hydrofluoric acid poisoning,
Int. 110 (2000) 145–152. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 5 (1984) 245–248.
[362] P. Marquet, S. Clement, H. Lotfi, M.F. Dreyfuss, J. Debord, D. [383] E. Meyer, J.F. Van-Bocxlaer, W.E. Lambert, M. Piette, A.P.
Dumont, G. Lachatre, Analytical findings in a suicide De-Leenheer, Determination of chloral hydrate and meta-
involving sodium azide, J. Anal. Toxicol. 20 (1996) 134–138. bolites in a fatal intoxication, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995)
[363] F. Martens, K. Quiring, G. Fülgraff, D. Palm, Pharma- 124–126.
kotherapie, klinische Pharmakologie, Gustav Fischer-Ver- [384] E. Meyer, J.F. Van-Bocxlaer, I.M. Dirinck, W.E. Lambert, L.
lag, Stuttgart, Jena, Lübeck, Ulm, 1997. Thienpont, A.P. De-Leenheer, Tissue distribution of am-
[364] A. Martin, D.J. Pounder, Post-mortem toxico-kinetics of phetamine isomers in a fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21
trazodone, Forensic Sci. Int. 56 (1992) 201–207. (1997) 236–239.
[365] C.D. Martin, S.C. Chan, Distribution of temazepam in body [385] R.W. Michalek, T.A. Rejent, R.A. Spencer, Disopyramide
fluids and tissues in lethal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 fatality: case report and GC/FID analysis, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6
(1986) 77–78. (1982) 255–257.
[366] T.L. Martin, Three cases of fatal paramethoxyamphetamine [386] M. Michalodimitrakis, P. Christodoulou, A.M. Tsatsakis, I.
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 25 (2001) 649–651. Askoxilakis, I. Stiakakis, I. Mouzas, Death related to
[367] M.F. Mason, S.M. Wallace, E. Foerster, W. Drummond, midazolam overdose during endoscopic retrograde cholan-
Pentachlorophenol poisoning: report of two cases, J. giopancreatography, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 20 (1999)
Forensic Sci. 10 (1965) 136–147. 93–97.
[368] R.J. Matejczyk, Fentanyl related overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. [387] A.W. Missen, S.J. Dickson, W.T. Cleary, Analysis of
12 (1988) 236–238. procyclidine in blood by gas–liquid chromatography with
a nitrogen-phosphorus detector, J. Anal. Toxicol. 2 (1978) [407] G. Norheim, A fatal case of phenmetrazine poisoning, J.
238–240. Forensic Sci. Soc. 13 (1973) 287–289.
[388] M. Montagna, A. Groppi, Fatal sotalol poisoning, Arch. [408] G. Norheim, Distribution of amitriptyline and nortriptyline
Toxicol. 43 (1980) 221–226. in fatal amitriptyline intoxications with different survival
[389] K.A. Moore, A. Mozayani, M.F. Fierro, A. Poklis, times, Forensic Sci. 4 (1974) 187–190.
Distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [409] G. Norheim, Determination of dextropropoxyphene and
(MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) norpropoxyphene in autopsy material by gas chromatogra-
stereoisomers in a fatal poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 83 phy, Arch. Toxicol. 36 (1976) 89–95.
(1996) 111–119. [410] C. Offidani, V. Ottaviano, M. Chiarotti, Fatal case of
[390] K.A. Moore, E.M. Kilbane, R. Jones, G.W. Kunsman, B. bamifylline intoxication, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14
Levine, M. Smith, Tissue distribution of ketamine in a (1993) 244–245.
mixed drug fatality, J. Forensic Sci. 42 (6) (1997) 1183– [411] S. Ogbuihi, G. Bohn, W. Audick, Fatal case of propox-
1185. yphene overdose. Morphological and toxicological findings,
[391] R.A. Morano, C. Spies, F.B. Walker, S.M. Plank, Fatal Z. Rechtsmed. 84 (1980) 161–166.
intoxication involving etryptamine, J. Forensic Sci. 38 [412] M.I. Okoye, P.L. Stephens, D.T. Dummer, J. Mueller-WF, A
(1993) 721–725. fatal maprotiline intoxication, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol.
[392] F. Moriya, Y. Hashimoto, Distribution of free and 6 (1985) 45–47.
conjugated morphine in body fluids and tissues in a fatal [413] J.S. Oliver, A.A. Watson, Doxepin poisoning, Med. Sci.
heroin overdose: is conjugated morphine stable in post- Law 14 (1974) 280–283.
mortem specimens? J. Forensic Sci. 42 (1997) 736–740. [414] J.S. Oliver, P.D. Stewart, Chlormethiazole poisoning (a case
[393] P.L. Morrow, E.C. Faris, Death associated with inadvertent report), Med. Sci. Law 15 (1975) 67–68.
hydrocodone overdose in a child with a respiratory tract [415] J.S. Oliver, H. Smith, A case of fatal imipramine poisoning
infection, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 8 (1987) 60–63. in an infant, Med. Sci. Law 17 (1977) 193–194.
[394] A. Mozayani, P. Singer, G. Jones, Distribution of metoprolol [416] J.S. Oliver, H. Smith, A.A. Watson, Poisoning by strych-
enantiomers in a fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 (1995) nine, Med. Sci. Law 19 (1979) 134–137.
519–521. [417] S. Orrenius, A.C. Maehly, Lethal amphetamine intoxication.
[395] M. Muhm, T. Stimpfl, R. Malzer, H. Mortinger, R. Binder, A report of three cases, Z. Rechtsmed. 67 (1970) 184–189.
W. Vycudilik, A. Berzlanovich, G. Bauer, A.N. Laggner, [418] J. Osterloh, M. Lotti, S.M. Pond, Toxicologic studies in a
Suicidal chloroquine poisoning: clinical course, autopsy fatal overdose of 2,4-D, MCPP, and chlorpyrifos, J. Anal.
findings, and chemical analysis, J. Forensic Sci. 41 (1996) Toxicol. 7 (1983) 125–129.
1077–1079. [419] A. Padwell, Poisoning. Cyanide, Case studies of one
[396] E.C. Munksgaard, Concentrations of amitriptyline and its homicide and two suicides, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol.
metabolites in urine, blood and tissue in fatal amitriptyline 18 (1997) 185–188.
poisoning, Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. Copenh. 27 (1969) [420] E.M. Pare, J.R. Monforte, R. Gault, H. Mirchandani, A
129–134. death involving fentanyl, J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987) 272–
[397] F. Musshoff, S.K. Varchmin, B. Madea, Suicide with 275.
moclobemide and perazine, Int. J. Legal Med. 111 (1998) [421] H. Park, G.V. Purnell, H.G. Mirchandani, Suicide by
196–198. captopril overdose, J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 28 (1990)
[398] F. Musshoff, H. Junker, B. Madea, Rapid analysis of 379–382.
halothane in biological samples using headspace solid-phase [422] J.I. Park, G.R. Nakamura, E.C. Griesemer, T.T. Noguchi,
microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectro- Hydromorphone detected in bile following hydrocodone
metry—a case of a double homicide, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 ingestion, J. Forensic Sci. 27 (1982) 223–224.
(2000) 372–376. [423] A.T. Parsons, R.M. Anthony, J.E. Meeker, Two fatal cases of
[399] F. Musshoff, B. Madea, Fatality due to ingestion of tramadol venlafaxine poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 20 (1996) 266–268.
alone, Forensic Sci. Int. 116 (2001) 197–199. [424] F. Patel, A high fatal postmortem blood concentration of
[400] F. Musshoff, P. Schmidt, T. Daldrup, B. Madea, Cyanide cocaine in a drug courier, Forensic Sci. Int. 79 (1996) 167–
fatalities—case studies of four suicides and one homicide, 174.
Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 23 (2002) 315–320. [425] P. Pearigen, Death from an accidental nifedipine ingestion
[401] H. Nadjem, E. Logemann, Zur Kasuistik der suizidalen in a toddler, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 35 (1993) 345.
Chloroformintoxikation, Arch. Kriminol. 202 (1998) 29– [426] M.A. Pearson, A. Poklis, R.R. Morrison, A fatality due to
37. the ingestion of (methyl morphine) codeine, Clin. Toxicol.
[402] G.R. Nakamura, Toxicologic assessments in acute heroin 15 (1979) 267–271.
fatalities, Clin. Toxicol. 13 (1978) 75–87. [427] M.A. Peat, A. Sengupta, Toxicological investigations of
[403] D.P. Nicholls, Fatal digoxin overdose, Postgrad. Med. J. 53 cases of death involving codeine and dihydrocodeine,
(1977) 280–281. Forensic Sci. Int. 9 (1977) 21–32.
[404] T.T. Noguchi, G.R. Nakamura, Phencyclidine-related deaths [428] P. Pentel, D. Fletcher, J. Jentzen, Fatal acute selenium
in Los Angeles County, J. Forensic Sci. 23 (1978) 503–507. toxicity, J. Forensic Sci. 30 (1985) 556–562.
[405] A. Noirfalise, Chloroquine intoxication: two case reports, [429] F.J. Peretti, D.S. Isenschmid, B. Levine, Y.H. Caplan, J.E.
Forensic Sci. 11 (1978) 177–179. Smialek, Cocaine fatality: an unexplained blood concentra-
[406] G. Norheim, Determination of doxepin in autopsy material, tion in a fatal overdose, Forensic Sci. Int. 48 (1990) 135–
Arch. Toxicol. 31 (1973) 7–12. 138.
[430] D. Perrot, X.B. Bui, J. Lang, Y. Bouffard, B. Delafosse, G. studies and an animal model, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol.
Faucon, J. Motin, A case of sotalol poisoning with fatal 15 (1994) 231–235.
outcome, J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 26 (1988) 389–396. [452] D.J. Pounder, J.I. Davies, Zopiclone poisoning: tissue
[431] S.H. Peyton, A.T. Couch, R.O. Bost, Tissue distribution of distribution and potential for postmortem diffusion, Foren-
ketamine: two case reports, J. Anal. Toxicol. 12 (1988) 268– sic Sci. Int. 65 (1994) 177–183.
269. [453] D.J. Pounder, C. Fuke, D.E. Cox, D. Smith, N. Kuroda,
[432] J. Pfordt, Zur Analytik und Toxizität des Antiarrhythmi- Postmortem diffusion of drugs from gastric residue: an
kums Tocainid, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 43 (1985) 161–167. experimental study, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 17 (1996)
[433] J. Pfordt, H. Magerl, R. Vock, Tödliche Vergiftungen mit 1–7.
Propoxur, Z. Rechtsmed. 98 (1987) 43–48. [454] B.N. Purdue, G.C. Fernando, A. Busuttil, Two deaths from
[434] P. Picotte, M. Perreault, Suicide with carbofuran, TIAFT intravenous nifedipine abuse, Int. J. Legal Med. 104 (1991)
Bull. 21 (2) (1991). 289–291.
[435] P. Picotte, M. Gaudet, Fatal dilthiazem poisoning, TIAFT [455] K. Püschel, F. Schulz, W. Naeve, W. Arnold, Todesfälle
Bull. 23 (2) (1991). nach nasaler Applikation von Heroin, Z. Rechtsmed. 84
[436] D.M. Piercy, J.A. Cumming, S. Dawling, J.A. Henry, Death (1980) 279–290.
due to overdose of nefopam, Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed. 283 [456] I. Quai, M. Fagarasan, E. Fagarasan, A fatal case of
(1981) 1508–1509. trifluoperazine poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 9 (1985) 43–44.
[437] K. Pohlmann, H. Kijewski, Chloroquin als Mordgift. [457] I. Quai, M. Fagarasan, E. Fagarasan, I. Usineviciu, Tricyclic
Mitteilung über Todesfälle nach krimineller und suizidaler antidepressants: clinical considerations, tissue concentra-
Chloroquinbeibringung, Arch. Kriminol. 186 (1990) 85–90. tions and morphopathologic changes in the acute intoxica-
[438] A. Poklis, A.Z. Hameli, Two unusual barbiturate deaths, tion in man, Acta Med. Leg. Soc. Liege 35 (1985) 107–109.
Arch. Toxicol. 34 (1975) 77–80. [458] G. Quatrehomme, O. Ricq, P. Lapalus, Y. Jacomet, A. Ollier,
[439] A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, W.K. Drake, Fatal intoxication Acute arsenic intoxication: forensic and toxicologic aspects
from 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, J. Forensic Sci. 24 (an observation), J. Forensic Sci. 37 (1992) 1163–1171.
(1979) 70–75. [459] C.F. Quenzer, D.R. Hardy, A death investigation involving
[440] A. Poklis, E.G. Melanson, A suicide by pancuronium quinidine and propranolol, J. Anal. Toxicol. 4 (1980) 54–57.
bromide injection: evaluation of the fluorometric determina- [460] R.T. Rada, R. Kellner, J.G. Buchanan, Chlordiazepoxide
tion of pancuronium in postmortem blood, serum and urine, and alcohol: a fatal overdose, J. Forensic Sci. 20 (1975)
J. Anal. Toxicol. 4 (1980) 275–280. 544–547.
[441] A. Poklis, C.E. Wells, E.C. Juenge, Thioridazine and its [461] V. Ramcharitar, B.S. Levine, B.A. Goldberger, Y.H. Caplan,
metabolites in post mortem blood, including two stereo- Bupropion and alcohol fatal intoxication: case report,
isomeric ring sulfoxides, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982) 250–252. Forensic Sci. Int. 56 (1992) 151–156.
[442] A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, Toxicological findings in deaths [462] L. Rammer, P. Holmgren, H. Sandler, Fatal intoxication by
due to ingestion of pentazocine: a report of two cases, dextromethorphan: a report on two cases, Forensic Sci. Int.
Forensic Sci. Int. 20 (1982) 89–95. 37 (1988) 233–236.
[443] A. Poklis, D. Maginn, M.A. Mackell, Chlorprothixene and [463] D. Reed, R.H. Cravey, P.R. Sedgwick, A fatal case involving
chlorprothixene-sulfoxide in body fluids from a case of drug methylenedioxyamphetamine, Clin. Toxicol. 5 (1972) 3–6.
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 7 (1983) 29–32. [464] T.A. Rejent, R.E. Doyle, Maprotiline fatality: case report
[444] A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, E.F. Tucker, Tissue distribution of and analytical determinations, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982)
lidocaine after fatal accidental injection, J. Forensic Sci. 29 199–201.
(1984) 1229–1236. [465] T.A. Rejent, J. Balkon, B. Donnelly, A paraquat fatality—
[445] A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, M.E.S. Case, Xylazine in human the dilemma of multiple analyses, J. Forensic Sci. 28 (1983)
tissues and fluids in a case of fatal drug abuse, J. Anal. 510–515.
Toxicol. 9 (1985) 234–236. [466] M.R. Repetto, M. Repetto, Habitual, toxic, and lethal
[446] A. Poklis, D. Maginn, J.L. Barr, Tissue disposition of concentrations of 103 drugs of abuse in humans, Clin.
cocaine in man: a report of five fatal poisonings, Forensic Toxicol. 35 (1997) 1–9.
Sci. Int. 33 (1987) 83–88. [467] A.F. Reyfer, O. Fryc, T. Krompecher, A.L. Zwahlen,
[447] A. Poklis, M.A. Mackell, Disposition of fluoride in a fatal Selbstmord durch Vergiftung mit einem Medikament,
case of unsuspected sodium fluoride poisoning, Forensic dessen aktive Substanz Nomifensin ist, Beitr. Gericht.
Sci. Int. 41 (1989) 55–59. Med. 37 (1979) 313–318.
[448] A. Poklis, L.E. Edinboro, A.S. Wohler, F. Presswalla, D. [468] P.C. Reynolds, Clinical and forensic experiences with
Barron, Fatal morphine poisoning in a child due to phencyclidine, Clin. Toxicol. 9 (1976) 547–552.
accidental oral ingestion, Forensic Sci. Int. 76 (1995) 55–59. [469] P.C. Reynolds, C.W. Som, P.W. Herrmann, Loxapine
[449] A. Poklis, J.L. Poklis, D. Trautman, C. Treece, R. Backer, fatalities, Clin. Toxicol. 14 (1979) 181–185.
C.M. Harvey, Disposition of valproic acid in a case of fatal [470] H.G.H. Richards, A. Stephens, Sudden death associated
intoxication, J. Anal. Toxicol. 22 (1998) 537–540. with the taking of amphetamines by an asthmatic, Med. Sci.
[450] D.J. Pounder, V. Owen, C. Quigley, Postmortem changes in Law 13 (1973) 35–38.
blood amitriptyline concentration, Am. J. Forensic Med. [471] L. Riddick, R. Reisch, Oral overdose of propylhexedrine, J.
Pathol. 15 (1994) 224–230. Forensic Sci. 26 (1981) 834–839.
[451] D.J. Pounder, A.K. Hartley, P.J. Watmough, Postmortem [472] N. Rietbrock, H. Wojahn, J. Weinmann, J. Hasford, J.
redistribution and degradation of dothiepin. Human case Kuhlmann, Tödlich verlaufene beta-Methyldigoxin-Intoxi-
kation in suizidaler Absicht, Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 103 [492] G. Romano, G. Di-Bono, A fatality involving clothiapine
(1978) 1841–1844. and clomipramine, J. Forensic Sci. 39 (1994) 877–882.
[473] C.D. Riker, R.K. Wright, W. Matusiak, B.E. de-Tuscan, [493] G. Romano, N. Barbera, C. Rossitto, G. Spadaro, Lethal
Massive metoprolol ingestion associated with a fatality—a diltiazem poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 26 (2002) 374–377.
case report, J. Forensic Sci. 32 (1987) 1447–1452. [494] P.P. Rop, M. Fornaris, T. Salmon, J. Burle, M. Bresson,
[474] S. Ritz, P. Harding, W. Martz, H.W. Schütz, H.J. Kaatsch, Concentrations of heroin, 06-monoacetylmorphine, and
Measurement of digitalis-glycoside levels in ocular tissues: morphine in a lethal case following an oral heroin overdose,
a way to improve postmortem diagnosis of lethal digitalis- J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 232–235.
glycoside poisoning? II. Digitoxin, Int. J. Legal Med. 105 [495] T.A. Roper, R. Sykes, C. Gray, Fatal diltiazem overdose:
(1992) 155–159. report of four cases and review of the literature, Postgrad.
[475] S. Ritz, P. Harding, W. Martz, H.W. Schütz, H.J. Kaatsch, Med. J. 69 (1993) 474–476.
Measurement of digitalis-glycoside levels in ocular tissues: [496] T.G. Rosano, J.M. Meola, B.C. Wolf, L.W. Guisti, S.P.
a way to improve postmortem diagnosis of lethal digitalis- Jindal, Benztropine identification and quantitation in a
glycoside poisoning? I. Digoxin, Int. J. Legal Med. 105 suicidal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) 348–353.
(1992) 149–154. [497] T.G. Rosano, J.D. Hubbard, J.M. Meola, T.A. Swift, Fatal
[476] A.J. Robins, C.J. Carless, A teenage theophylline fatality, strychnine poisoning: application of gas chromatography
TIAFT Bull. 19 (3) (1987). and tandem mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Toxicol. 24 (2000)
[477] A.E. Robinson, A.I. Coffer, F.E. Camps, The distribution of 642–647.
chloroquine in man after fatal poisoning, J. Pharm. [498] J.E. Ryall, A.C. Stumpers, Pentazocine poisoning, TIAFT
Pharmacol. 22 (1970) 700–703. Bull. 21 (3) (1991).
[478] A.E. Robinson, A.I. Coffer, R.D. McDowall, Toxicology of [499] J.E. Ryall, Fatal overdose of sodium valproate, TIAFT Bull.
some autopsy cases involving tricyclic antidepressant drugs, 22 (4) (1992).
Z. Rechtsmed. 74 (1974) 261–266. [500] J.E. Ryall, Fatal theophylline overdose with associated
[479] A.E. Robinson, A.T. Holder, R.D. McDowall, R. Powell, H. hyperglicaemia, TIAFT Bull. 27 (1) (1997) 10.
Sattar, Forensic toxicology of some orphenadrine-related [501] D.W. Sadler, C. Quigley, Unsuspected self-poisoning with
deaths, Forensic Sci. 9 (1977) 53–62. flecainide and alcohol, J. Forensic Sci. 40 (1995) 903–905.
[480] A.E. Robinson, H. Sattar, R.D. McDowall, A.T. Holder, R. [502] R. Sarvesvaran, Chloroquine poisoning: two fatal cases,
Powell, Forensic toxicology of some deaths associated with Med. Sci. Law 19 (1979) 265–267.
the combined use of propoxyphene and acetaminophen, J. [503] L. Sathyavagiswaran, Fatal disopyramide intoxication from
Forensic Sci. 22 (1977) 708–717. suicidal/accidental overdose, J. Forensic Sci. 32 (1987)
[481] A.E. Robinson, R.D. McDowall, Toxicological investiga- 1813–1818.
tions of six chlormethiazole-related deaths, Forensic Sci. [504] B. Schellmann, H.J. Raithel, K.H. Schaller, Acute fatal
Int. 14 (1979) 49–55. selenium poisoning, Arch. Toxicol. 59 (1986) 61–63.
[482] J.R. Roettger, The importance of blood collection site for [505] A. Schmoldt, F. Musshoff, B. Madea, Toxikologie. B.
the determination of basic drugs: a case with fluoxetine and Madea (Eds.), Praxis Rechtsmedizin-Befunderhebung, Re-
diphenhydramine overdose [letter], J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 konstruktion, Begutachtung, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg,
(1990) 191–192. 2003, p. 329.
[483] C. Rogers, D.T. Anderson, J.K. Ribe, L. Sathyavagiswaran, [506] M. Schulz, A. Schmoldt, Therapeutische und toxische
Fatal flecainide intoxication, J. Anal. Toxicol. 17 (1993) Plasmakonzentrationen sowie Eliminationshalbwertszeiten
434–435. gebräuchlicher Arzneistoffe, Pharm. Ztg. Wiss. 2 (1991)
[484] T.P. Rohrig, R.C. Backer, Amoxapine overdose: report of 87–94.
two cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 (1986) 211–212. [507] M. Schulz, A. Schmoldt, Therapeutic and toxic blood
[485] T.P. Rohrig, D.A. Rundle, W.N. Leifer, Fatality resulting from concentrations of more than 800 drugs, Pharmazie 58 (2003)
metoprolol overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987) 231–232. 447–474.
[486] T.P. Rohrig, R.W. Prouty, Fluoxetine overdose: a case report [508] P. Sedgwick, V.R. Spiehler, D.R. Lowe, Toxicological
[published erratum appears in J. Anal. Toxicol. 14 (1) findings in amoxapine overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6 (1982)
(1990) 63], J. Anal. Toxicol. 13 (1989) 305–307. 82–84.
[487] T.P. Rohrig, R.W. Prouty, A nortriptyline death with [509] R.J. Segal, R.L. Catherman, Methadone—a cause of death,
unusually high tissue concentrations, J. Anal. Toxicol. 13 J. Forensic Sci. 19 (1974) 64–71.
(1989) 303–304. [510] K.M. Segerberg, E. Vuori, I. Lukkari, A. Penttila, Fatal
[488] T.P. Rohrig, N.G. Ray, Tissue distribution of bupropion in a intoxication by Remoxipride, J. Forensic Sci. 34 (1989)
fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992) 343–345. 500–503.
[489] T.P. Rohrig, R.W. Prouty, Tissue distribution of methylene- [511] M. Selesky, V. Spiehler, R.H. Cravey, H.W. Elliot, Digoxin
dioxymethamphetamine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992) 52–53. concentrations in fatal cases, J. Forensic Sci. 22 (1977) 409–
[490] T.P. Rohrig, L.E. Harty, Postmortem distribution of 417.
mexiletine in a fatal overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) [512] R.F. Shaw, Distribution of veterinarian barbiturate prepara-
354–356. tions in human subjects, Clin. Toxicol. 18 (1981) 965–
[491] N. Romain, C. Giroud, K. Michaud, P. Mangin, Suicide by 968.
injection of a veterinarian barbiturate euthanasia agent: [513] K. Shimizu, H. Shiono, T. Fukushima, M. Sasaki, H.
report of a case and toxicological analysis, Forensic Sci. Int. Akutsu, M. Sakata, Tissue distribution of DDVP after fatal
131 (2003) 103–107. ingestion, Forensic Sci. Int. 83 (1996) 61–66.
[514] M.J. Shkrum, A.E.D. Hall, S.G. Tallon, Deaths due to [537] S. Stein, A. Schmoldt, M. Schulz, Fatal intoxication with
diphenhydramine, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 23 (1990) 1–8. melperone, Forensic Sci. Int. 113 (2000) 409–413.
[515] T.J. Siek, The analysis of meperidine and normeperidine in [538] J.C. Steinmetz, C.Y. Lee, A.Y. Wu, Tissue levels of
biological specimens, J. Forensic Sci. 23 (1978) 6–13. ibuprofen after fatal overdosage of ibuprofen and acetami-
[516] T.J. Siek, W.A. Dunn, Documentation of a doxylamine nophen, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 29 (1987) 381–383.
overdose death: quantitation by standard addition and use of [539] M.F. Stewart, A.J. Freemont, T. Richardson, Fatal isoniazid
three instrumental techniques, J. Forensic Sci. 38 (1993) poisoning, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 32 (1995) 229–231.
713–720. [540] G. Sticht, H. Käferstein, C. Henssge, Befunde bei
[517] D.N. Sims, A fatal case involving nicotine injection, TIAFT chronischer Einnahme und akuter Überdosierung von
Bull. 21 (3) (1991). Leponex, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 47 (1989) 81–86.
[518] P. Singer, A. Mozayani, An overdose fatality in a child [541] L.I. Stowell, Suicide with the veterinary drug acepromazine,
involving disopyramide and sulindac, J. Anal. Toxicol. 19 J. Anal. Toxicol. 22 (1998) 166–168.
(1995) 529–530. [542] W.Q. Sturner, F.G. Spruill, J.C. Garriott, Two propylhexe-
[519] P. Singer, The pharmacology of moclobemide and its fatal drine-associated fatalities: Benzedrine revisited, J. Forensic
drug interactions in overdose, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 33 Sci. 19 (1974) 572–574.
(2000) 111–117. [543] R.V. Suarez, M.S. Greenwald, E. Geraghty, Intentional
[520] P. Singer, Anileridine fatalities: an update, Can. Soc. overdosage with propanolol, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 9
Forensic Sci. J. 33 (2000) 61–64. (1988) 45–47.
[521] P.P. Singer, G.R. Jones, Very unusual ethanol distribution in [544] T. Tanaka, K. Kasai, T. Kita, N. Tanaka, Distribution of
a fatality, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 506–508. phenol in a fatal poisoning case determined by gas
[522] P.P. Singer, G.R. Jones, An uncommon fatality due to chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Forensic Sci. 43
moclobemide and paroxetine, J. Anal. Toxicol. 21 (1997) (1998) 1086–1088.
518–520. [545] R.L. Taylor, C.R. Crooks, Y.H. Caplan, The determination
[523] G. Skopp, E. Miltner, R. Aderjan, Fatal poisoning with the of amoxapine in human fatal overdoses, J. Anal. Toxicol. 6
antidepressive agent opipramol, Forensic Sci. Int. 77 (1996) (1982) 309–311.
45–51. [546] B.M. Thomson, L.K. Pannell, The analysis of verapamil in
[524] G. Skopp, K. Klinder, L. Pötsch, G. Zimmer, R. Lutz, R. postmortem specimens by HPLC and GC, J. Anal. Toxicol.
Aderjan, R. Mattern, Postmortem distribution of dihydro- 5 (1981) 105–109.
codeine and metabolites in a fatal case of dihydrocodeine [547] S.W. Toennes, K. Schmidt, A.S. Fandino, G.F. Kauert, A
intoxication, Forensic Sci. Int. 95 (1998) 99–107. fatal human intoxication with the herbicide allyl alcohol (2-
[525] R.A. Smith, D. Lewis, Suicide by ingestion of 2,4-D: a case propen-1-ol), J. Anal. Toxicol. 26 (2002) 55–57.
history demonstrating the prudence of using GC/MS as an [548] H. Tonkabony, Postmortem blood concentrations of metha-
investigative rather than a confirmatory tool, Vet. Hum. nol in 17 cases of fatal poisoning from contraband vodka,
Toxicol. 29 (1987) 259–261. Forensic Sci. Int. 6 (1975) 1–3.
[526] B. Smysl, M. Halata, A fatal barium chloride poisoning, [549] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, P. Mangin, A.A. Lugnier, A.J. Chaumont,
TIAFT Bull. 26 (4) (1996). A fatality involving secobarbital, nitrazepam, and codeine,
[527] E.R. Soares, J.P. Tift, Phenol poisoning: three fatal cases, J. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 10 (1989) 130–133.
Forensic Sci. 27 (1982) 729–731. [550] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, L.S. Ritter, P. Mangin, A. Lugnier, A.
[528] J.H. Speaker, Determination of fluoride by specific ion Chaumont, Toxicological findings after fatal amitriptyline
electrode: report of a fatal case of fluoride poisoning, J. self-poisoning, Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 9 (1990) 257–261.
Forensic Sci. 21 (1976) 121–126. [551] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, P. Wendling, L.S. Ritter, P. Mangin, A.
[529] K. Sperry, N. Wohlenberg, J.C. Standefer, Fatal intoxication Jaeger, Toxicological findings in a fatal case of acebutolol
by tocainide, J. Forensic Sci. 32 (1987) 1440–1446. self-poisoning, J. Anal. Toxicol. 16 (1992) 398–400.
[530] K. Sperry, E.S. Sweeney, Suicide by intravenous injection of [552] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, P. Mangin, A fatality involving two
cocaine. A report of three cases, J. Forensic Sci. 34 (1989) unusual compounds—zolpidem and acepromazine, Am. J.
244–248. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14 (1993) 309–312.
[531] H.A. Spiller, R.D. Carlisle, Timely antemortem and [553] A. Tracqui, M. Deveaux, P. Kintz, P. Mangin, D. Gosset, A
postmortem concentrations in a fatal carbamazepine over- fatal case of buflomedil self-poisoning: toxicological data
dose, J. Forensic Sci. 46 (2001) 1510–1512. and literature review, Forensic Sci. Int. 71 (1995) 43–49.
[532] C.J. Stahl, A.V. Fatteh, A.M. Dominguez, Trichloroethane [554] A. Tracqui, S.C. Mutter, P. Kintz, C. Berton, P. Mangin,
poisoning: observations on the pathology and toxicology in Amisulpride poisoning: a report on two cases, Hum.
six fatal cases, J. Forensic Sci. 14 (1969) 393–397. Exp. Toxicol. 14 (1995) 294–298.
[533] M. Stajic, R.H. Granger, J.C. Beyer, Fatal metoprolol [555] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, V. Cirimele, F. Berthault, P. Mangin, B.
overdose, J. Anal. Toxicol. 8 (1984) 228–230. Ludes, HPLC–DAD and HPLC–MS findings in fatality
[534] Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden, Todesfälle durch involving (Z)-cis-clopenthixol (zuclopenthixol), J. Anal.
Vergiftungen, 2000. Toxicol. 21 (1997) 314–318.
[535] A.H. Stead, A.C. Moffat, A collection of therapeutic, toxic [556] A. Tracqui, P. Peton, P. Kintz, B. Ludes, Fatal ingestion of
and fatal blood drug concentrations in man, Hum. Toxicol. 3 paroxetin (Deroxat1), TIAFT Bull. 27 (1) (1997) 9.
(1983) 437–464. [557] A. Tracqui, P. Kintz, B. Ludes, Buprenorphine-related
[536] A. Steentoft, K. Worm, Cases of fatal triazolam poisoning, deaths among drug addicts in France: a report on 20
J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 33 (1993) 45–48. fatalities, J. Anal. Toxicol. 22 (1998) 430–434.
[558] A. Tracqui, L. Berthelon, B. Ludes, Fatal overdosage with [584] C.L. Winek, W.D. Collom, E.R. Davis, Accidental solvent
nefopam (Acupan1), J. Anal. Toxicol. 26 (2002) 239–243. fatality, Clin. Toxicol. 6 (1973) 23–27.
[559] S. Treacy, A death involving propofol, Can. Soc. Forensic [585] C.L. Winek, E.R. Davis, W.D. Collom, S.P. Shanor, Quinine
Sci. J. 34 (2001) 27–30. fatality—case report, Clin. Toxicol. 7 (1974) 129–132.
[560] H.D. Tröger, R. Urban, J.P. Weller, Als Stromselbstmord [586] C.L. Winek, F.W. Fochtman, W.J. Trogus, E.P. Fusia, S.P.
vorgetäuschte Tötung durch Spinalanasthesie, Beitr. Ger- Shanor, Methapyrilene toxicity, Clin. Toxicol. 11 (1977)
ichtl. Med. 50 (1992) 1–5. 287–294.
[561] J.E. Turner, R.H. Cravey, A fatal case involving propranolol [587] C.L. Winek, J.D. Bricker, F.W. Fochtman, Lithium intox-
and codeine, Clin. Toxicol. 8 (1975) 271–275. ication. A case study, Forensic Sci. Int. 15 (1980) 227–231.
[562] J.E. Turner, R.H. Cravey, A fatal ingestion of caffeine, Clin. [588] C.L. Winek, J.D. Bricker, W.D. Collom, F.W. Fochtman,
Toxicol. 10 (1977) 341–344. Theophylline fatalities, Forensic Sci. Int. 15 (1980) 233–236.
[563] J.E. Turner, R.G. Richards, A fatal case involving [589] C.L. Winek, J.D. Bricker, F.M. Esposito, A death due to
levorphanol, J. Anal. Toxicol. 1 (1977) 103–104. ethchlorvynol abuse. A case report, Forensic Sci. Int. 17
[564] D.R.A. Uges, Therapeutic and toxic drug concentrations, (1981) 219–224.
TIAFT Bull. 26 (1 (Suppl.)) (1996) 1–34. [590] C.L. Winek, W.W. Wahba, L. Rozin, Amoxapine fatalities:
[565] F. van-Hoof, A. Heyndrickx, J. Timperman, Report of a three case studies, Forensic Sci. Int. 26 (1984) 33–38.
human fatality due to amphetamine, Arch. Toxicol. 32 [591] C.L. Winek, W. Wahba, K. Williams, J. Blenko, J. Janssen,
(1974) 307–312. Caffeine fatality: A case report, Forensic Sci. Int. 29 (1985)
[566] J. Vandenbogaerde, J. Schelstraete, F. Colardyn, A. 207–211.
Heyndrickx, Paraquat poisoning, Forensic Sci. Int. 26 [592] C.L. Winek, W.W. Wahba, F.M. Esposito, W.D. Collom, Fatal
(1984) 103–114. strychnine ingestion, J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 (1986) 120–121.
[567] K. Vendura, H. Strauch, F. Pragst, M. Prugel, Tödliche [593] C.L. Winek, W.W. Wahba, L. Rozin, J.K. Janssen, An
Chloroformvergiftung mit Anschlussstraftat, Arch. Krimi- unusually high blood cocaine concentration in a fatal case,
nol. 198 (1996) 83–88. J. Anal. Toxicol. 11 (1987) 43–46.
[568] T. Vermeulen, Distribution of paroxetin in three postmortem [594] C.L. Winek, W.W. Wahba, J. Winek-CL, Body distribution
cases, J. Anal. Toxicol. 22 (1998) 541–544. of ethchlorvynol, J. Forensic Sci. 34 (1989) 687–690.
[569] J.E. Vertrees, G. Siebel, Rapid death resulting from [595] C.L. Winek, W.W. Wahba, J.K. Janssen, L. Rozin, V.
mesoridazine overdose, Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 29 (1987) 65– Rafizadeh, Acute overdose of zolpidem, Forensic Sci. Int.
67. 78 (1996) 165–168.
[570] H. von-Lupke, J. Gerchow, K. Schmidt, Über zwei Fälle von [596] C.L. Winek, W. Wahba, L. Rozin, Heroin fatality due to
tödlicher Trichloräthylenvergiftung, Z. Rechtsmed. 81 penile injection, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 20 (1999) 90–
(1978) 237–241. 92.
[571] F.B. Walker, R.A. Morano, Fatal recreational inhalation of [597] C.L. Winek, W. Wahba, C.L.J. Winek, T. Winek Balzer,
enflurane, J. Forensic Sci. 35 (1990) 197–198. Drug and chemical blood-level data, Forensic Sci. Int. 122
[572] R.J. Warren, M.E. Sharp, Diflunisal overdose: a report of (2001) 107–123.
two cases, Can. Soc. Forensic Sci. J. 26 (1993) 33–35. [598] J.M. Wisniewska-Knypl, J. Jablonska, Z. Myslak, Binding
[573] K. Wayne, E. Manolas, G. Sloman, Fatal overdose with of cadmium on metallothionein in man: an analysis of a
disopyramide [letter], Med. J. Aust. 1 (1980) 231–232. fatal poisoning by cadmium iodide, Arch. Toxicol. 28
[574] H.L. Weingarten, E.J. Cherry, A chloroquine fatality, Clin. (1971) 46–55.
Toxicol. 18 (1981) 959–963. [599] K. Worm, B. Kringsholm, A. Steentoft, Clozapine cases
[575] W. Weinmann, M. Bohnert, Lethal monointoxication by with fatal, toxic or therapeutic concentrations, Int. J. Legal
overdosage of MDEA, Forensic Sci. Int. 91 (1998) 91–101. Med. 106 (1993) 115–118.
[576] J.R. Weiser, I. Gerling, Letale Vergiftung mit Acebutolol, [600] N.B. Wu Chen, M.I. Schaffer, R.L. Lin, J.P. Hadac, R.J.
Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 110 (1985) 1793–1795. Stein, Analysis of blood and tissue for amoxapine and
[577] J.P. Weller, M. Wolf, Eine tödliche Verapamil-Vergiftung, trimipramine, J. Forensic Sci. 28 (1983) 116–121.
Beitr. Gerichtl. Med. 44 (1986) 271–275. [601] N.B. Wu Chen, E.R. Donoghue, M.I. Schaffer, Methanol
[578] C.V. Wetli, R.E. Mittlemann, The body packer syndrome- intoxication: distribution in postmortem tissues and fluids
toxicity following ingestion of illicit drugs packaged for including vitreous humor, J. Forensic Sci. 30 (1985) 213–216.
transportation, J. Forensic Sci. 26 (1981) 492–500. [602] C.N. Wu, M.I. Schaffer, R.L. Lin, M.L. Kurland, J.
[579] C.V. Wetli, A. Rao, V.J. Rao, Fatal heroin body packing, Donoghue-ER, R.J. Stein, The general toxicology unknown.
Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 18 (1997) 312–318. II. A case report: doxylamine and pyrilamine intoxication, J.
[580] J. Wiese, E. Klug, V. Schneider, J. Tenczer, K.H. Beyer, Forensic Sci. 28 (1983) 398–403.
Tödliche Diltiazemvergiftung, Z. Rechtsmed. 100 (1988) [603] I. Yacoub, C.A. Robinson, G.T. Simmons, M. Hall, Death
271–276. attributed to ethyl chloride, J. Anal. Toxicol. 17 (1993) 384–
[581] L.F. Wilkinson, B.M. Thomson, L.K. Pannell, A report on 385.
the analysis of orphenadrine in post mortem specimens, J. [604] K. Yonemitsu, T. Kambe, Y. Akaiwa, K. Kibayashi, A fatal
Anal. Toxicol. 7 (1983) 72–75. cyanide poisoning, TIAFT Bull. 21 (1) (1991).
[582] C.L. Winek, W.D. Collom, E.R. Davis, Death from rectal [605] K. Yonemitsu, D.J. Pounder, Postmortem toxico-kinetics of
thiopental, Clin. Toxicol. 2 (1969) 75–79. co-proxamol, Int. J. Legal Med. 104 (1992) 347–353.
[583] C.L. Winek, W.D. Collom, Benzene and toluene fatalities, J. [606] K. Yonemitsu, D.J. Pounder, Postmortem changes in blood
Occup. Med. 13 (1971) 259–261. tranylcypromine concentration: competing redistribution
and degradation effects, Forensic Sci. Int. 59 (1993) 177– [610] K.R. Ziminski, C.T. Wemyss, J.H. Bidanset, T.J. Manning,
184. L. Lukash, Comparative study of postmortem barbiturates,
[607] Y. Yoo, H. Chung, E. Kim, M. Kim, Postmortem distribution methadone, and morphine in vitreous humor, blood, and
of zipeprol, J. Anal. Toxicol. 18 (1994) 213–216. tissue, J. Forensic Sci. 29 (1984) 903–909.
[608] Y. Yoo, H. Chung, E. Kim, K. Kim, I. Kim, M. Kim, J. [611] U. Zivott, J.L. Castorena, J.C. Garriott, A case of fatal
Yang, Blood doxylamine concentrations in 20 doxylamine ingestion of malathion, Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 14
related deaths, TIAFT Bull. 24 (4) (1994). (1993) 51–53.
[609] Y. Yoo, H. Chung, E. Kim, M. Kim, Fatal zipeprol and [612] A. Zober, M. Geldmacher-v.Mallinckrodt, B. Schellmann,
dextromethorphan poisonings in Korea, J. Anal. Toxicol. 20 Akute tödliche Kupfervergiftung, Arch. Toxicol. 40 (1978)
(1996) 155–158. 263–267.

Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of more than 200 drugs

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of more than 200 drugs

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

Fatal blood and tissue concentrations of more than 200 drugs

Keywords: Drug concentrations; Intoxication; Fatalities; Forensic toxicology

F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

19W 172 cm 67 kg - ~8 h p.o. - - 2,1 subclavian blood - - 15 mg - 9.3 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 520

- - - - - - - - 0,0034 unk. - 0.24 - 72.7 - - - - - HPLC-MS MDOD Pr(to) 557

34M - - - ~4d p.o. - - 8.6 54,0 antem. - - - - - - - - - - OD - 163

26M - - - - p.o. - - 15 unk. - - 30 mg/kg - 74 29 - 14 - - OD - 131

56M - - - - p.o. ~3,9 g - - 16 ( 0,5 ) 32 - - - - - - - - - OD - 195

45M - - - - p.o. - - 3,0 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/NPD OD - 579

F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

- - - - - p.o. - 1 1,0 ( n.d. ) unk. - 29 - - 42 - - - - GC/FID MDOD N(to),Ag(th) 409

19M - - - - i.v. - - 6,1 ( 3,3 ) unk. 1.8 32 54 mg/kg - 15 - - - 7.5 GLC OD - 87

2moM - - - - p.o. - - 0,51 unk. - - - 0.6 - - 0.1 - - GC/MS OD - 183

28M - - - ~14 h p.o. - - - 5 - - - - 33.7 50.5 - 16 7.3 GC/NPD OD - 219

25W - - - - p.o. - - 14,4 unk. - - - - 230 - - - - GLC/FID OD Et 33

43M - - - 45 h p.o. - - 100 antemortem - 270 - - - - - - - GLC OD - 61

Halothane T1/2: 43 h Vd: 1 l/kg Therapeutic: - / 22-260 Toxic: -

F. Musshoff et al. / Forensic Science International 142 (2004) 161–210

- - - - - p.o. - - 9 ( 8 ) unk. 1.1 150 10 mg - 5 ( 11 ) - - - - GC/FID MDOD Co(to),Ag(to) 515

- - - - - - - - 1.0 - - - - 7.0 6.0 8.0 82 2.0 - RIA OD - 610

38W - - - - p.o. - - 9 unk. - 200 900 mg/kg - 82 52 - - - UV/SPF MDOD Ag(to) 6

23M - - - - p.o. - 0.3 0,6 pleural - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD Cc(th) 579

10M - - - - p.o. - - 120 unk. - - 2,6 mg - 18 66 - 41 - SPF OD - 204

29M - - - - p.o. - - 76 unk. - 8.5 11 g/kg - 230 - - - - GLC OD - 53

6M - - - 7d p.o. - - - - - - - - 2.1 1.8 - - - SPF OD - 78

32M - - ~3 d - i.v. - - 153 unk. - - - - - - - - - GC/MS OD - 159

40W 168 cm 62 kg - - inhalation - 0.4 20 unk. - - - - 50 120 - 360 - GC/FID OD - 73

52M - - - - p.o. - - 85,0 unk. - - 336 mg 258 - - - - GC/NPD OD - 80

substances involved in a mixed-intoxication. Furthermore Ag: analgesic

You might also like