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Physics I
Please download your syllabus from the WBLE and make your
own lesson plan – plan your own studies.
FHSP1014 Physics 1
We will discuss
several tips for
learning physics
principles in the
following slides.
Subject Outlines
1. Introduction Test 1
2. Scalar and Vector
3. Translational Kinematics
4. Forces and The Laws of Motion
5. Energy-Work Theorem and Power
6. Momentum and Collisions Test 2
7. Circular Motion, Rotational Motion
and Dynamics
8. Properties of Matter and Fluid Mechanics
9. Temperature and Heat
FHSP1014: Physics I
1.
Assessment
Coursework (50%)
i) Test 1
Percentage
15%
ii) Test 2 15%
iii) 1 full laboratory report 10%
iv) 2 partial lab reports 10%
9
What is Physics?
Physics is the science that investigates the
fundamental concepts of matter, energy,
and space, and the relationships among them.
Length
Electric
Charge Time
Units of Measurements
In order to quantify a physical quantity, we must
compare it with a standard quantity of the same kind
which we consider as one unit so as to obtain its value
(how much).
For example, when we measure
how long an object is, we compare
it with a length equivalent to one
meter which is the standard or
Measuring
established unit for length.
diameter of disk.
Then we can say that the object
has a diameter of, say 0.12 m or
12 centimeters.
Seven Fundamental Units
Website: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/index.html
2.54 cm
12 in. 30.5 cm Correct
1 in. Answer!
Unit prefixes
Once fundamental units are defined, we can introduce
larger and smaller units for the same physical
quantities.
In the metric system, these other units are related to the
fundamental units by multiples of 10 or 1/10.
We usually express multiples of 10 or 1/10 in
exponential notation: 1000 =103, 1/1000 = 10-3.
Names of additional units are derived by adding a prefix
to the name of the fundamental unit.
1 nanometer = 1 nm = 10-9 m
number
Prefix Prefix symbol
EXAMPLE
Length
1 nanometer = 1 nm = 10-9 m
1 micrometer = 1 m = 10-6 m
1 millimeter = 1 mm = 10-3 m
1 centimeter = 1 cm = 10-2 m
1 kilometer = 1 km = 103 m
Mass
1 microgram = 1 g = 10-6 g = 10-9 kg
1 milligram = 1 mg = 10-3 g = 10-6 kg
1 gram = 1 g = 10-3 kg
Time
1 nanosecond = 1 ns = 10-9 s
1 microsecond = 1 s = 10-6 s
1 millisecond = 1 ms = 10-3 s
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation provides a short-hand method for
expressing very small and very large numbers.
-9
0.000000001 10 Example (a) :
0.000001 10
-6 93,000,000 m = 9.30 x 107 m
0.001 10
-3 0.00457 m = 4.57 x 10-3 m
x vt
L
L (T) L
T
YES!
L = length M = mass T = time
Example 4: Analysis of a Power Law
Suppose we are told that the acceleration a of a particle
moving with uniform speed v in a circle of radius r is
proportional to some power of r, say rn, and some power of
v, say vm. Determine the values of n and m.
ar v n m
Let a krn v m , k is a constant
Solution:
Let a kr v , k is a constant
n m
m nm
L n L L
L m
T
2
T T
n m 1 and m 2 n -1
Exercise 1:
v 2ax
2 p
Answer: p =1
Unit Analysis
using units instead of symbols in dimensional analysis.
Unit analysis can be used to determine the units of a
quantity from a correct equation.
Example:
Check the validity of the following equation by using the unit analysis.
v -u
a
t
unit of a ms -2
v - u ms -1
unit of ms -2
t s
Uncertainty of Measurement
Since Physics is based on measurements, and measurements are
never perfect, physics is surely an inexact science and will always
contain uncertainties
Uncertainty is the maximum difference between the measured
value and true value.
Significant figures is used to indicated the number of meaningful
digits.
Example: If you measure the thickness of the cover of a book using
an ordinary ruler, the measurement is reliable only to the
nearest millimeter.
If a micrometer caliper is used, the measurement is
reliable up to the nearest 0.01 millimeter.
The difference between the above two measuring devices lies in
their uncertainty.
Uncertainty of Measurement
(Cont.)
The measurement using the micrometer caliper has a
smaller uncertainty as it is more precise.
We also refer to the uncertainty as the error.
The accuracy of a measured value can be indicated by
writing the number, the symbol , and a number
indicating the uncertainty of the measurement.
Example: diameter of a steel rod is 16.46 0.01 mm,
means the true value will lie between 16.45 to 16.47
mm.
The uncertainty of a number is not stated explicitly but is
indicated by the no. of meaningful digits, or significant
figures, in the measured value.
Two values with the same number of significant figures
may have different uncertainties.
Uncertainty of Measurement (Cont.)
The length in
“cm” here is
0 1 2 commonly written
as:
1.45
Example 6:
Find the perimeter of the plate that is 8.71 cm long and 3.2
cm wide.
Solution:
2dp 1dp 2dp 1dp
p = 8.71 cm + 3.2 cm + 8.71 cm + 3.2 cm