ABSTACT

In Pharmacy shops Racks with many self are kept. Each rack consists of a roller attached
to its bottom. Each roller is connected to a DC motor. Data is inputted via the keyboard
using the ASCII format. The programmed is intuited in the microprocessor via Keil
software for each rack of the pharmacy store. Biased on the input of ASCII code given to
the system the corresponding rack is opened. In order to visually display where waste
occurs a value stream map (VSM) is drawn. VSMs are often used to access current
pharmacy process as well as create ideal future state process. With the Pharmacy
escalating and spreading more widely across the globe it is important for pharmacy to
adapt to the increasing and evolving business strategy and reduces the operating time in
pharmacy.

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Pharmacy practice can be profoundly satisfying, but it can also be extremely stressful.
This may be more so in an environment of change, when there are often concerns that
events are outside your control.

Feeling stressed at work can be a reasonably common experience and you probably
know other pharmacists or pharmacy staff who experience stress too. This might occur
only in the short term, for example unrealistic patient expectations, or it may build over a
longer period of time.

A 2010 study of practising pharmacists in the United States found that more that 68%
experienced job stress and role overload. Respondents cited role ambiguity as a serious
concern they felt they were often unable to provide ideal professional services because
mundane tasks took priority. Among the functions they perceived as not getting sufficient
attention was patient counselling, because they lacked confidence, time or the necessary
skills.

Many pharmacists believe that working 10 to 13-hour days under a constant barrage of
prescription requests in a noisy environment is normal. Then they “beat themselves up”
when errors occur. Stress, like laughter, is contagious. This means that stress reduction
goals that fail to include managers and co-workers will be ineffective. Co-workers need
to discuss workplace stress and resolve it.

Our primary project goal was to reduce the searching time. In order to achieve that goal
with the creation of an initial and final state VSM, the group was able to draw
conclusions based on the research and data they accumulated, and they were able to
achieve the primary goal of the project. Furthermore, the we gave suggestion on
standardize the work. We achieved these operational improvement through the reduce
searching time.

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1.1 Pharmacy Definition

Clinical pharmacy is defined as that area of pharmacy concerned with the science
and practice of rational medication use.

1.2 VALUE STREAM MAPPING

Value stream mapping, a improvement of pharmacy which originated is known as
material and information flow mapping. This mapping tool uses techniques pharmacies
analyze and evaluate certain work process in a manufacturing operation. This tool is used
primarily to identify, demonstrate and decrease waste, as well as create flow in the
manufacturing process. VSMs can be used for this method.

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1.3 STEPS IN CREATING VSM
 Identify the product

 Create a current VSM

 Evaluate the current map, identify problem areas.

 Identify the Non Value added Activity.

 Implement the final plan through Lean Tools.

The first step, identify the product, consists of choosing which specific product the
VSM will focus on. After the product used has been chosen, an initial VSM of the current
process is created. Following the completion of the current map, the team eavluates the
process and the steps involved. All this information is then compiled on a map and
analysis is performed.

On a typical VSM every steps of the process is included. For each step parameters
could include cycle time, TAKT time, work in progress (WIP), set up time, down time,
number of workers, and scrap rate. A VSM identifies where value is added in the
manufacturing process. It will also show all other steps where there is non-added value.
After analyzing and evaluating the current process of the product, the problem area can be
identified. Once you have changed the current process of minimize problem areas
completely, you can create a final state VSM. The last step of the value stream mapping
process is to improvement the new ideas, which will in turn create a more efficient
Improvement of pharmacy (Hines).

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FIG 1.4 SYMBOLS USED IN VSM

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VALUE STREAM MAPPING PROCESS SYMBOLS

Fig 1.5 vsm process symbols

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VALUE STREAM MAPPING
MATERIAL SYMBOLS

Fig1.6 vsm material symbols

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VALUE STREAM MAPPING INFORMATION SYMBOLS

Fig 1.7 vsm information symbols

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VALUE STREAM MAPPING INFORMATION SYMBOLS (Cont…)

Fig 1.8 vsm information symbols

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 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.Kelsey Nut land (2001) suggested that automation in drug dispensing includes
solution that range from computer assisted physician order entry, to robotic handling,
packaging and sorting of drugs in the pharmacy, to stand- alone nursing-unit based
cabinets and the automated generation of customizable report and forms.

2. Advit Shah in his paper pharmacy Intervention in the medication-use process the role
of pharmacists in improving patient safety said a way to increase awareness of the
importance of including the profession of pharmacy in managing patient safety
throughout the medication-use process (2001).

3. Yifei Liu, PhD Randal P. Mc Donough, Parma Kara M. Caruthers, Parma William
R. Doucette, PhD Kathleen Miller, BS Parma reported the results of a pharmacist-
directed cardiovascular risk management program; and identify obstacles faced by the
pharmacists in the program implementation. J Am Parma Assoc. 2000

4. In is journal Kristy Britain, BCPS, CDE, Lindys Meadow craft, BCACP, CDE, Kaleen
Melody, pharmacist-provided MTM services, such as the Asheville Project and Diabetes
Ten City Challenge, have proven to be valuable and have taken the step in the right
direction to prevent some of the nation’s medication-related concerns. J Am Pharm
Assoc. 2008 March.

5.Dr Susan Sample, Ms Ellie Rosenfeld Medication Safety in Australia medication safety
in evidence on the extent and type of medication-related problems. Evidence of
interventions implemented to improve medicine safety international evidence for
medication safety intervention strategies. International Journal for Quality in Journal of
Pharmacy Practice and Research 2009.

6. A book on hospital pharmacy rocurmacy and supply gives ways to ensure continuous
supply of pharmaceutical, medical and surgical inventories to improve customer service
and build comply with the requirements of TPS, GSP and other relevant guidelines from
MOH to obtain measurable financial performance and customer satisfaction on logistic,
procurement and supply processes. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2001.

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7.Karin Wiedenmayer on Developing pharmacy practice Describes the knowledge, skills
and attitudes required for good patient-focused pharmacy practice and some new roles
that pharmacists can assume and changes in education and policy necessary to implement
patient-focused pharmacy practice J Am Parma Assoc. 2005.

8.Dr. Simon F. Williams, Dr. David P. Martin.(1988) Application of PHAs in Medicine

and pharmacy suggested that the properties of PHA polymers to be tailored to specific
applications, coupled with a significant increase in the need for new absorbable
biomaterials, this class of polymers currently appears to have a bright future in medicine
and pharmacy.

9. Bob Buckram, AndroullaKotrotsosin their paper “Workplace Pressures in Pharmacy

Practical advice for New Zealand pharmacists, pharmacy staff and employers” gives
Reduced disruption, wasted efforts and costs of managing grievance or litigation
processes between employees and employers. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2008.

10. Goelst International, LLC, Pharmacy Design Manual Research based pharmaceutical
substances, developed for clinical studies, may also be managed by the hospital pharmacy
staff including, managing inventory, providing security of controlled substances, keeping
of drug distribution records, providing cost analysis, and the management Improved
morale of pharmacists resulting in increased motivation across staff teams published
1988-1996.

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Summary of Literature Review
Based on the literature survey, the contemporary activities are studied and we can known
that the simulation of the existing model is essential for determining the non- value added
activities and approach the problem in a systematic manner through some improvement
of pharmacy such as value stream mapping which in turn help in improvement the
pharmacy concepts for the improvement of the process.

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 CHAPTER-3
3.1 OBJECTIVE:
 Minimizing the time in searching for a medicine and customer satisfaction. Quick
response pharmacy in take medicine. Reduce waiting times for patients.

 Service more patients with the current number of pharmacy personnel.

 Demonstrate the benefits of using pharmacy automation in public-sector facilities

Secondary goals of the system.

 Increase patient throughput.

CHAPTER-4
4.1 METHODOLOGY
The methodology in the project is mainly about the improvements in the process shown
through the implementation of the lean concepts in which it include the systematic
approach of data collection which involve a thorough study of the assembly operation
and the data collection about the entire plant activities the identification of the non-value
activity and searching time is minimizing, which are bound too happened in most
assembly activities in a pharmacy.

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Fig 4.1 Methodology

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 CHAPTER-5
CURRENT WORK
5.1 VALUE STREAM MAPPING
Value stream mapping, Improvement of pharmacy, which pharmacy is known
as medicines searching time and information flow mapping. This mapping technique uses
the Improvement of pharmacy and certain work process in parmacetical operation. This
tool is used primarily to identify, demonstrate and reduce waste time, as well as create
flow in industrial process. VSMs can be used for this method.

VALUE STREAM MAPPING (VSM) is a practical and visual tool that allows you to
identify the non-value-added (waste) activities, tasks, and steps in any process (value
stream.) And to create an implementation plan to improve the process, eliminate or
reduce the waste, and add greater value to the customer. Below is one example of a
Value stream mapping analysis.

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FIG 5.1 VSM Mapping Analyses

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 Fig 5.2 Value stream mapping

Takt time =available time/demand

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING

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Fig 5.3 RACK SYSTEM

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Fig 5.4 RACK OPEN AND CLOSE SYSTEM

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Click button "Add Drug" to add a new medication or Dispensary supply.

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Fig 5.5 Adding a new medication to the Dispensary to append the item's cost

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Fig 5.6 Tablet Names

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 CHAPTER-6
Conclusion

This project aimed at reducing the work done by the people in the pharmaceuticals. As
the world develops on one side, people get affected by diseases daily and this gets more
and moreworse as the time goes. There are many pharmaceuticals. The drugs also
increase day by day. Even a small cold has lots of curates and they are of various dosages
starting from mild dosages for children to heavy dosages for high level diseases. This
project reduces the laborious job of locating the medicines and their racks by automating
the process. By evaluating the process of automated searching of pharmacy accessories
and by verifying it with the 5S concepts the time for effective entrepreneurship can be
improved. As a result an overall sale is increased.

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1. WHO policy perspectives on medicines. Globalization, TRIPS and access to
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2. WHO policy perspectives on medicines. Equitable access to essential medicines:

a framework for collective action. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
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3. Rational use of drugs: Report of the Conference of Experts, Nairobi, 1985.

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4. WHO policy perspectives on medicines. Containing antimicrobial resistance.

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5. International Pharmaceutical Federation web site: http://www.fip.org/

6. Wuliji T, Airaksinen M (eds.) Counselling, concordance, and communication:

innovative education for pharmacists. The Hague, The Netherlands: International
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Pharmaceutical Students’ Federation; 2005

7. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization, as adopted by

the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946. Signed on 22
July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health
Organization, No. 2, p. 100). Entered into force on 7 April 1948.

8. Revised definition of health. In: Health promotion glossary. 1st ed. Geneva:
World Health Organization1986.

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10. Pharmacy in the future – implementing the NHS Plan. A programme for
pharmacy in the National Health Service. London: Department of Health; 2000.

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Department of Health. Available at: http://www.nhsconfed.org/pharmacy

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