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The design is based on AISI-NASPEC 2001 with 2004 supplementary, using ASD method.
The wall typical span = 8 ft, and the parapet height = 4 ft.
The lateral bracing spacing is considered equal to the bridging members spacing.
The torsional bracing spacing is considered equal to the bridging members spacing.
The wind load factor for both strength and lateral deflection = 1.0.
The factor (Cb) = 1.0 for calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling stress.
The web-crippling check is considered, and the bearing length (N) = 1.25 in.
The maximum allowed lateral deflection = L/ 360, where (L) is the height of the supported span
and twice the cantilever height.
The absolute deflection at free end of parapet is considered in the deflection check.
Double Span wit h a Parapet Curtain Wall SteelSmart® System 7.0 SP2
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2 Modeling with SteelSmart® System
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3 Statical System, Loads for Strength, and Design
Forces
0.62
-3.57 -0.19
0.24
50.0
3.16
-0.16
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4 Safety Check
4.1 Design for Flexural Moment (Mx)
Figure 2 shows the cross-section elements with their corresponding labels.
2
1'
2'
The major flexural strength of the section (M x-all) is the least of the flexural strength at the initiation
of the cross-section yielding and the strength for lateral-torsional buckling.
W 1 = C – (t + R)
W 2 = B – 2(t + R)
W 3 = D – 2(t + R)
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W
2
W
1
W
3
2 f F = 33 ksi
2 top
f and f
1-1 1-3
1
f
2-1
Mx
3 N.A.
Ycg0 = 2 in.
1' f
2-3
2'
F = Ftop = 33 ksi
bottom
Figure 4 Location of N.A., Stress Distribution, and Critical Stresses on the Fully Effective
Section for Initiation of Yielding
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Iteration (1)
The section is assumed to be fully effective, i.e. the N.A. will be located at a distance from the
bottom fiber of the tension flange equal to half the section depth (Figure 4).
Element (1) is classified as an unstiffened element under stress gradient, thus, the
plate buckling coefficient (K) used for the calculation of the effective width of (W 1) is determined in
1
accordance with section B3.2 (a) in the 2004 supplement as follows:
D Yc go t R
= Fy = 4 2 0.059 0.1875 * 33 = 28.93275 ksi
42
D Y c go
D Yc go C
= F = 4 2 0.867 * 33 = 18.6945 ksi
D Yc go y 42
1
= f2-1/ f1-1 = 0.6461363 (Eq. B3.2-1)
1
K = 0.578/ ( + 0.34) = 0.5861259 (Eq. B3.2-2)
The effective width of (W 1) is then calculated in accordance with Section B2.1 (a) in the 2001
specification as follows:
2
2E t
Fcr = K (Eq. B2.1-5)
2 W
12 (1 ) 1
2
2 * 29500 0.059
= 0.5861259* = 141.2897 ksi
12 (1 0.3 2 ) 0.6205
f11
= (Eq. B2.1-4)
Fcr
28.93275
= = 0.4525219 < 0.673
141.2897
1
Supplement 2004 to the NASPEC-AISI 2001 for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
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d'1 = effective width of (W 1)
= W1 (Eq. B2.1-1)
Element (2) is classified as a uniformly compressed element with an edge stiffener, thus, the
plate buckling coefficient (K) used for the calculation of the effective width of (W 2) is determined in
accordance with Section B4.2 (a) in the 2001 specification as follows:
3
W t
Ia = 399t 4 2 0.328 (Eq. B4.2-10)
S
3
4 25.54237
= 399 0.059 0.328 = 1.809162 * 10-4 in4
38.5559
W t
Ia-max = t 4 115 2 5
S
4 25.54237
= 0.059 115 * 5 = 9.837454 * 10 in > Ia
-4 4
38.5559
W1 3 t Sin2
Is = (Eq. B4-2)
12
Is
RI = (Eq. B4.2-9)
Ia
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W t
n = 0.582 2 (Eq. B4.2-11)
4S
25.54237
= 0.582 = 0.4163809 > (1/3)
4 * 38.5559
RI n 0.43
5C
K = 4.82
W2
5 * 0.867 0.4163809
= 4.82 1 0.43 = 2.373424 < 4.0
1.507
The effective width of (W 2) is then calculated in accordance with Section B2.1 (a) in the 2001
specification as follows:
2
2E t
Fcr = K (Eq. B2.1-5)
2 W
12 (1 ) 2
2
2 * 29500 0.059
= 2.373424* = 96.9956 ksi
12 (1 0.3 2 ) 1.507
f2
= (Eq. B2.1-4)
Fcr
32.51325
= = 0.5789675 < 0.673
96.9956
b2 = effective width of (W 2)
= W2 (Eq. B2.1-1)
= W 1 – d1 = 0.6205 – 0.6205 = 0
= W 2 – b2 = 1.507 – 1.507 = 0
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4.1.2.1.2 Element (3)
D Yc go t R 4 2 0.059 0.1875
= Fy = * 33 = 28.93275 ksi
D Yc go 42
Yc go t R
= Fy = 2 0.0569 0.1875 * 33 = -28.93275 ksi
D Yc go 42
3
K = 4 + 2(1 + ) + 2(1 + ) (Eq. B2.3-2)
3
= 4 + 2(1 + 1) + 2(1 + 1) = 24
The effective width of (W 3) is then calculated in accordance with Section B2.3 (a) in the 2001
specification as follows:-
2
2E t
Fcr = K (Eq. B2.1-5)
2 W
12 (1 ) 3
2
2 * 29500 0.059
= 24 * = 181.1102 ksi
12 (1 0.3 2 ) 3.507
f13
= (Eq. B2.1-4)
Fcr
28.93275
= = 0.3996901 < 0.673
181.1102
Rem3 = 0
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Remt = the total removed length of the section due to local buckling
=0+0+0=0
From the previous analysis, we can conclude that there is no need for more iterations because
Ycg (final location of the neutral axis measured from the bottom fiber of the tension flange) will be
equal to Y cg0, and the effective section modulus at initiation of yielding (S xe) can be calculated as
follows:
2 * 29500
= = 77.58378 ksi
48 0.78354842
1 2EC W
t = GJ (Eq. C3.1.2.1-9)
Ar02 K tL t 2
1 4 2 * 29500 * 1.560299
= 11300 * 6.24678 * 10
0.5383608* 2.534562 482
2
= 59.05328 ksi
3
Sf = Ix / (0.5D) = 1.345668/ (0.5*4) = 0.6728339 in
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C b ro A
Fe = ey t (Eq. C3.1.2.1-5)
Sf
1 * 2.534562* 0.5383608
= 77.58378* 59.05328
0.6728339
= 137.2701 ksi > (2.78F y = 91.74 ksi)
Fc = Fy = 33 ksi
Since Fc = Fy , the section will not be subjected to lateral-torsional buckling.
= 13.2955 kips.in
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(h/ t) < EK v Fy
Vy -all = V ny / v
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4.3 Design for Web-Crippling (Py)
As we avoid making punch-outs in the members at supports locations, web-crippling can be
checked at the location of vertical reactions at the three s upports (neglecting the effect of the clip
angles at supports in resisting crippling and as shown in (Figure 5)); in accordance with Section
(C3.4.1) in the 2001 specification as follows:-
1.25 in
8 ft 8 ft 4 ft
Py -all-EOF = 4 * 0.0592 * 33 * Sin901 0.14 0.1875 1 0.35 1.25 1 0.02 3.507 / 1.75
0.059
0.059 0.059
R N h
= Ct Fy Si n1 CR 1 CN 1 Ch / w IOF
2
t
t t
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Considering the flanges are fastened to support, and using Table C3.4.1-2 for C-Sections;
Py -all-IOF = 13 * 0.0592 * 33 * Sin901 0.23 0.1875 1 0.14 1.25 1 0.01 3.507 / 1.65
0.059
0.059 0.059
2
vV y
2
b M x
Interaction = must be ≤ 1.0 (Eq. C3.3.1-1)
2
M nxo Vny
2
Supplement 2004 to the NASPEC-AISI 2001 for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
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4.5 Combined (Mx) and (Py)
The critical combined corresponding values of bending moment (Mx) and crippling force
(Py) were found at the locations of the middle and upper supports, and can be checked in
accordance with Section (C3.5.1) in the 2004 supplement as follows:
Py M x 1.33
Interaction = 0.91 must be ≤ (Eq. C3.5.1-1)
3
P M
ny n xo
(Where = 1.70)
0.4243 3.568
Interaction = 0.91
1.3371 22.2035
act = maximum actual lateral deflection (using the wind load for deflection = wind load
intensity * stud spacing * wind load deflection factor)
3
Supplement 2004 to the NASPEC-AISI 2001 for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
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4.6.2 Middle Span
all = maximum allowed lateral deflection = L/ 360 = 8 * 12/ 360 = 0.267 in (maximum
absolute deflection = 0.5 in)
act = maximum actual lateral deflection (using the wind load for deflection = wind load
intensity * stud spacing * wind load deflection factor)
4.6.3 Cantilever
all = maximum allowed lateral deflection = L/ 360 = 2 * 4 * 12/ 360 = 0.267 in < (maximum
absolute deflection = 0.5 in)
act = maximum actual lateral deflection (using the wind load for deflection = wind load
intensity * stud spacing * wind load deflection factor)
5 Conclusion
Using a single (4CS2X059, 33Ksi) section as a typical stud for this curtain wall is safe.
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6 Verification of SteelSmart® System
6.1 Forces and Lateral Deflection Diagrams
6.1.1 Bending Moment Diagram (Kips.in.)
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6.1.2 Shear Force Diagram (Kips)
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6.1.3 Lateral Deflection Diagram (in.)
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6.2 Output
6.2.1 Span #1
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6.2.2 Span #2
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6.2.3 Span #3
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