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Group: K
2. OBJECTIVES
Study the sensitivity, linear range and the characteristics of input-output signals of LVDT.
3. THEORY/INTRODUCTION
4. APPARATUS
5. PROCEDURE
5.1. Experiment 1
5.2 Experiment 2
5.3 Experiment 3
10
5
Display Reading
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Display Reading (mm)
linear rang
-5
-10
-15
Displacment Indicated by micrometer
b.
Calculate
= 9 mV / mm
= 9.1%
= 90.9%
7. DISCUSSIN
From the graph it can be seen that the line is not exactly straight. Which means at some
points the actual displacement indicated by micrometer differs from the display readings.
In experiment, the metal core moves slowly right or left in the cylinder former. Primary
coil, sandwiched between the two secondary coils, induce emf (electromotive force) in
the metal core which result in induced current in the core. When the iron core is moved
left or right the voltage is produced in the secondary coils as a result the coil nearer to the
metal core produces more voltage than the other. Differential of the voltages between the
two secondary coils is signally conditioned to produce the display readings in terms of
displacement.
Linear range of LVDT is shown by the plotted graph. The graph stays linear from 9 to -
6.4mm by display reading and then the line deviates slightly. Normally the linear range of
operation of LVDT is calculated by using maximum display reading subtract the
minimum display reading of the experiment which in the experiment performed was
measured as, Linear Range = 9-(-9.9)=18.9. But in fact, Linearity is the closeness of the
calibration curve of a measuring system to a straight line which from the graph will be
considered from the starting point up to the point of non-linear i.e. 9mm _
-6.4mm.
The sensitivity of a measuring instrument is its ability to detect quickly a small change in
the value of a measurement. Theoretically sensitivity is define as the ratio of change in
output to a change in the value of the input. By calculation we have found the sensitivity
of LVDT to be 9mV/mm which means a net voltage of 9mV is measured with each 1mm
displacement.
Like an accurate instrument LVDT was able to give readings close to or almost equal to
the actual value of a quantity. The accuracy of this experiment obtained by using the
formula is 90.87%. To improve the accuracy of the experiment, we can repeat the
experiment and get the average data. Besides, make sure the micrometer is start from the
correct experimental value to avoid wrong data taken. Also, check for any zero error in
the micro meter and the software should be working properly without any bugs or
interruptions for more accuracy.
1. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this experiment was to study the input-output features of signals from
LVDT, which was concluded successfully. Further, linear range and sensitivity were also
tested and determined.
2. REFERENCES
i. https://learnprotocols.wordpress.com/2012/07/21/lvdt-basic-principle-theory-working-
explanation-diagram-linear-variable-differential-transformer/
ii. http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3638/en/
iii. http://ggnindia.dronacharya.info/ecedept/downloads/labmanuals/aug09_dec09/v_sem/lm
_ece_em_manual.pdf
iv. http://www.globalspec.com/Goto/GotoWebPage?gotoUrl=/ACTTechkor/ref/TB31/
TechkorTB31.html&gotoType=TechArticle&VID=245&CategoryID=1136