Useful Technical Tips-Book

Table 1
Conversion Factors
Multiply by To convert To
A. Length .
2.54 Inches Centimeters 0.3937
30.48 Foot Centimeters 0.0328
0.9144 Yard Metres 1.0936
1609.30 Miles Metres 0.000621
1853.27 Nautical Miles Metres 0.000539
-3 -3
1 mil = 10 inches = 2.54 x 10 cm.
-3
1 micron = 10 mm = 0.0000394 inch
B. Area
6.4516 Sq. inch Sq. cm 0.155
0.0929 Sq. foot Sq. m 10.7639
0.8361 Sq. yard Sq. m 1.1960
4046.86 Acres Sq. m 0.000247
2.590 Sq. mile Sq. km 0.3861
-4 Sq. m Hectares 10000.0
1 x 10
C. Volume & Capacity
16.3871 Cu. inch Cu. cm 0.061
0.0283 Cu. foot Cu. m 35.315
0.7645 Cu. yard Cu. m 1.308
1000.0 Cu. m Litres 0.001
4.546 Gallons (Imp) Litres 0.22
28.3161 Cu. feet Litres 0.03532
6.2288 Cu. feet Gallons (Imp) 0.1605
D. Weight
0.0648 Grain (Avoir) Grams 15.4324
28.3495 Ounce (Avoir) Grams 0.0353
0.4536 Pound (Avoir) Kilograms 2.2045
0.001 Kilogram Metric tonnes 1,000.0
0.0508 Hundred weight Metric tonnes 19.684
(Cwt. Br.)
1.0161 Tons Metric tonnes 0.9842
E. Density
16.0185 Lb/Cu. ft. Kg/Cu. m 0.0624
0.0998 Lb/Gallon (lmp) Kg/Litre 10.0221
27.6799 Lb/Cu. inch Grams/Cu. m 0.0361
Linear Density
1.4882 Lb/Foot Kg/m 0.6720
To convert From Multiply by
f. Force
0.4536 Pound force Kgf 2.2046
0.0141 Poundal Kgf 70.9220
1.02x10-6 Dyne Kgf 5
9.805x10
9.8067 kgf Newton 0.1020
4.4482 Ibf Newton 0.2248
G. Moment
0.1383 ft. Ib Kg. m 7.2330
1.1522 in. Ib Kg. cm 0.8680
9.8067 kg. m N. m 0.1020
H. Stress & Pressure
0.0703 lb/Sq. in Kg/Sq. cm 14.2233
4.8824 lb/Sq. ft. Kg/Sq. m 0.2048
0.0981 kg/Sq. cm N/Sq. mm 10.1972
9.8067 t/ Sq. m kN/Sq. m 0.1020
1.0332 Atmosphere Kg/Sq. cm 0.9678
14.6959 Atmosphere lb/Sq. in 0.0680
10.3320 Atmosphere Metres of water 0.0968
0.0305 Hard of water in feet Kg/Sq. cm 32.8093
One Atmosphere is the unit of pressure of 760 mm
of mercury at a temperature of 0C.
I. Power
0.1383 ft. lb/s Kg. m/s 7.2330
9.8067 kg. m/s Watts 0.1020
76.0402 H.P. Kg. m/s 0.0132
0.7457 H.P. k. W 1.3410
0.001356 Ft. lb/s k. W 737.5620
1.0139 H.P. C. V. (chevel Vapier 0.9863
Metric horse power)
J. Work and Energy
1.3558 ft. lb. Joules 0.7376
5 H.P. hr. Kg. m -6
2.737x10 3.653x10
0.324 ft. lb. calories 3.0864
K. Heat
251.996 BThu Calorie 0.00397
0.000075 BThu/Sq. ft. hr Cal/Sq. cm. s 13,272.1
2.7125 BThu/sq. ft. hr. k.Cal/Sq. m. hr. 0.3687
To convert From Multiply by

L. Temperature
5/9 (F – 32) F C 9/5 C+32
273.15+C C K K - 273.15
M. Thermal Conductivity
4.1338 x 10-3 BThu/Sq. ft. hr Cal/Sq. cm. s 241.9090
(deg. F/ft) (deg. C/cm)
1.4882 BThu/Sq. ft. hr k.Cal/Sq. m. hr 0.6720
(deg. F/ft). (deg. C/m)
0.3445 x 10 -3 BThu/Sq. ft. hr Cal/Sq. cm. s 2902.91
(deg. F/in) (deg. C/cm)
0.1240 BThu/Sq. ft. hr k.Cal/Sq. m. hr 8.0636

(deg. F/ft) (deg. C/m)
N. lllumination
10.7639 Foot candle lux 0.0929

0.001076 Foot canble phot 929.0304
O. Velocity
0.3048 ft./s m/s 3.2808

1.0973 ft./s km/hr 0.9113
0.447 mile/hr m/s 2.2369
1.6093 mile/hr km/hr 0.6214
1.8540 Nautical mile/hr (1 K not) km/hr 0.5395
0.6818 ft./s mile/hr 1.4667
P. Consumption
272.7575 Gallon/minute Litre/hr 0.00366

0.3540 Mile/Gallon (lmp) Km/Litre 2.8247
2.8247 Gallon (lmp) mile Litre/km 0.3540
0.0174 Degree (Angle) Radian 57.2958
To obtain From Multiply by

Table 2
Fractional Sub – divisions of an inch to decimals of an
inch and to millimeter
Inches Inches Millimeter Inches Inches Millimeter

1/64 0.015625 0.3969 33/64 0.515625 13.0969
1/32 0.03125 0.7938 17/32 0.53125 13.4938
3/64 0.046875 1.1906 35/64 0.546875 13.8906
1/16 0.0625 1.5875 9/16 0.5625 14.2875
5/64 0.078125 1.9844 37/64 0.578125 14.6844
3/32 0.09375 2.3812 19/32 0.59375 15.0812
7/64 0.109375 2.7781 39/64 0.609375 15.4781
1/8 0.125 3.175 5/8 0.625 15.875
9/64 0.140625 3.5719 41/64 0.640625 16.2719

5/32 0.15625 3.9688 21/32 0.65625 16.6688
11/64 0.171875 4.3656 43/64 0.671875 17.0656
3/16 0.1875 4.7625 11/16 0.6875 17.4625
13/64 0.203125 5.1594 45/64 0.703125 17.8594
7/32 0.21875 5.5562 23/32 0.71875 18.2562
15/64 0.234375 5.9531 47/64 0.734375 18.6531
1/4 0.25 6.35 3/4 0.75 19.05
17/64 0.265625 6.7469 49/64 0.765625 19.4469

9/32 0.28125 7.1438 25/32 0.78125 19.8438
19/64 0.296875 7.5406 51/64 0.796875 20.2406
5/16 0.3125 7.9375 13/16 0.8125 20.6375
21/64 0.328125 8.3344 53/64 0.828125 21.0344
11/32 0.34375 8.7312 27/32 0.84375 21.4312
23/64 0.359375 9.1281 55/64 0.859375 21.8281
3/8 0.375 9.525 7/8 0.875 22.225
25/64 0.390625 9.9219 57/64 0.890625 22.6219

13/32 0.40625 10.3188 29/32 0.90625 23.0188
27/64 0.421875 10.7156 59/64 0.921875 23.4156
7/16 0.4375 11.1125 15/16 0.9375 23.8125
29/64 0.453125 11.5094 61/64 0.953125 24.2004
15/32 0.46875 11.9062 31/32 0.96875 24.6062
31/64 0.484375 12.3031 63/64 0.984375 25.0031
1/2 0.5 12.7 1 1.0 25.4

Table 3
Unit Weight of Building Materials
(Is : 1911 – 1967)
Nominal Size Weight

Material or thickness
mm kg. per.
1. Acoustical Materials :
Glass fibre 10 0.388 Sq. m.
Mineral wool 10 0.781 to 1.949 ,,
Cork - 240 Cu. m.
2. Aggregate, Coarse :
Broken stone ballast :
Dry, well – shaken - 1600 to 1870 ,,
Perfectly wet - 1920 to 2240 ,,
Shingles, 3mm to 38mm - 1460 ,,
Broken bricks :
Fine - 1450 ,,
Coarse - 1010 ,,
Foamslag, foundry pumice - 700 ,,
3. Aggregate, fine sand :

Dry. Clean - 1540 to 1600 ,,
River - 1840 ,,
Wet - 1760 to 2000 ,,
Brickdust (surkhi) - 1010 ,,
4. Asbestos :
Felt 10 1.5 Sq. m.
Fibres :
Pressed - 960 Cu. m.
Sprayed 10 2 Sq. m.
Natural - 3040 Cu. m.
Raw - 600 to 900 ,,
5. Bitumen - 1040 ,,
6. Boards :
Cork boards :
Compressed 10 4 Sq. m.
Ordinary 10 2 ,,
Fibre hard board (Normal and tempered) 3 2.40 to 3.60 ,,
4 3.20 to 4.80 ,,
5 4.00 to 6.00 ,,
6 4.80 to 7.20 ,,
9 7.20 to 10.80 ,,
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
7. Bricks :
Common burnt clay bricks - 1600 to 1920 Cu. m.
Engineering bricks - 2160 ,,
Pressed bricks - 1760 to 1840 ,,
Refractory bricks - 1760 to 2000 ,,
Sand Cement Bricks - 1840 ,,
Sand lime bricks - 2080 ,,
8. Cast iron, manhole covers :

Double Triangular (HD) 500 118 Cover
560 140 ,,
Circular (HD) 500 118 ,,
560 140 ,,
Circular (MD) 500 58 ,,
560 64 ,,
Rectangular (MD) - 80 ,,
Rectangular (LD)
Single seal - 23 ,,
Double seal - 29 ,,
9. Cast iron, manhole frames :

Double Triangular (HD) 500 111 Frame
560 115 ,,
Circular (HD) 500 111 ,,
560 115 ,,
Circular (MD) 500 58 ,,
560 64 ,,
Rectangular (MD) - 64 ,,
Rectangular (LD)
Single seal - 15 Cu. m.
Double seal - 23 ,,
10. Cement :
Ordinary and Aluminous - 1440 ,,
Rapid hardening - 1280 ,,
11. Cement concrete, plain

Aerated - 760 ,,
No fines, with heavy aggregate - 1600 to 1920 ,,
No fines, with light aggregate - 880 to 1280 ,,
With sand and gravel or crushed natural
stone aggregate - 2240 to 2400 ,,
12. Cement concrete, reinforced

With sand and gravel or crushed natural stone aggregate
With 1% steel - 2370 ,,
With 2% steel - 2420 ,,
With 5% steel - 2580 ,,
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
13. Cement concrete,

prestressed - 2400 Cu. m.
14. Cement mortar - 2080 ,,
15. Glass :
Glass bricks, window
Glass an looking glass - 2480 to 2720 ,,
5.0 Sq. m.
2.0 6.3 ,,
2.5 7.5 ,,
3.0 10.0 ,,
Glass sheet 4.0 12.5 ,,
5.0 13.8 ,,
5.5 16.3 ,,
6.5
16. Iron :
Pig - 7200 Cu. m.
Gray, Cast - 7030 to 7130 ,,
White, cast - 7580 to 7720 ,,
Wrought - 7700 ,,
17. Lime :
Lime concrete with burnt clay aggregate - 1920 ,,

Lime mortar - 1760 ,,
Lime stone in lumps, uncalcined - 1280 to 1440 ,,
Lime unslaked - 880 to 1040 ,,
Lime, slaked, fresh - 580 to 640 ,,
18. Masonry stone
Cast - 2300 ,,
Dry rubble - 2080 ,,
Granite ashlar - 2640 ,,
Granite rubble - 2400 ,,
Lime stone ashlar - 2560 ,,
Marble dressed - 2700 ,,
Sand stone - 2240 ,,
19. Plaster
Cement - 2080 ,,
Lime - 1760 ,,
Acoustic 10 8 Sq. m.
20. Plaster of Paris - 1760 Cu. m.

21. Plywood 1 0.7 Sq. m.
22. Rubber - 960 Cu. m.
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
23. Soils and gravels

Aluvial ground, undisturbed - 1600 Cu. m.
Clay :
China, Compact - 2240 ,,
Clay fills :
Dry lumps - 1040 ,,
Dry Compact - 1440 ,,
Damp, Compact - 1760 ,,
Wet, Compact - 2080 ,,
Undisturbed - 1920 ,,
Undisturbed, gravelly - 2080 ,,
Earth :
Dry, loose - 1280 ,,

Dry, Compact - 1550 ,,
Moist, loose - 1400 to 1600 ,,
Moist, Compact - 1760 to 1840 ,,
Gravel :
Loose - 1600 ,,
Rammed - 1920 to 2160 ,,
Loam :
Dry, loose - 1200 ,,

Dry, Compact - 1600 ,,
Loess, dry - 1440 ,,
Mud, river, wet - 1760 to 1920 ,,
Peat :
Dry - 560 to 640 ,,

Sandy, Compact - 800 ,,
Sand :
Dry, Clean - 1540 to 1600 ,,

River - 1840 ,,
Wet - 1760 to 2000 ,,
Sand fine :
Dry - 1600 ,,
Saturated - 2080 ,,
Silt, Wet - 1760 to 1920 ,,
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
24. Stones
Basalt - 2850 to 2960 Cu. m.

Gravel :
Moderately rammed - 1600 ,,
dry - 1920 ,,
Gneiss - 2400 to 2690 ,,
Granite - 2640 to 2800 ,,
Gypsum - 2240 to 2400 ,,
Laterite - 2080 to 2400 ,,
Lime stone - 2400 to 2640 ,,
Marble - 2720 ,,
Pumice - 800 to 1120 ,,
Quartz rock - 2640 ,,
Sand stone - 2240 to 2400 ,,
Slate - 2800 ,,
Soap stone - 2700 ,,
25. Terra cotta (solid) - 1870 to 2370 ,,
26. Terrazo
paving 10 24 Sq. m.
Cast partitions 40 95 ,,
27. Tiles
Mangalore pattern - 2 to 3 tile

Polystyrene wall tiles 99 x 99 1.05 Sq. m.
148.5 x 148.5 1.35 ,,
28. Timber
Eucalyptus - 850 Cu. m.

Rose wood (black wood) - 835 ,,
Sandle wood - 915 ,,
Teak - 640 ,,
White cedar - 720 ,,
29. Water
Fresh - 1000 ,,
Salt - 1025 ,,
30. Wood – wool building slabs 10 6 Sq. m.

Table 4
Weight of building parts or components
(IS : 1911 – 1967)
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
1. Ceilings
Plaster on tile or concrete - 25 Sq. m.
Plaster on wood lath - 40 ,,
Suspended metal lath and cement plaster - 75 ,,
Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster - 40 ,,
2. Finishing
Plaster :
Acoustic 10 8 ,,
Fibrous 10 9 ,,
Gypsum or lime 10 19 ,,
Hydraulic lime or cement 10 23 ,,
Plaster ceiling on wire netting 10 27 ,,
3. Flooring
100 170 ,,
Hollow concrete units, 125 200 ,,
Including any concrete topping 150 220 ,,
necessary for constructional 175 240 ,,
purposes. 200 270 ,,
230 320 ,,
Floors, wood :
22 16 ,,
Hard wood 28 20.5 ,,
22 11 ,,
Soft wood 28 13.5 ,,
Note-All thicknesses are finished thicknesses.
Asphalt flooring 10 22 ,,
Weight of mastic used in
Laying wood block flooring - 1.5 ,,
Floor finishes clay floor tiles 12.5 to 25.4 10 to 20 ,,
Parquet flooring - 8 to 12 ,,
3.2 4.9 to 6.3 ,,
Rubber 4.8 7.1 to 9.5 ,,
6.4 9.5 to 13.2 ,,
Terracotta, filled `as laid’ - 570 to 720 Cu. m.
Terrazzo paving `as laid’ 10 24 Sq. m.
4. Roofing
Country tiles (single) with battens - 70 ,,

Country tiles (double) with battens - 120 ,,
Mangalore tiles with battens - 65 ,,
Nominal Size Weight
mm kg. per.
Mangalore tiles bedded in mortar
over flat tiles - 110 Sq. m.
Mangalore tiles with flat tiles - 80 ,,
Copper sheet rooting including 0.56 7.75 to 8.25 ,,
Laps and rolls 0.72 9.75 to 10.25 ,,
Glazed roofing
Glazing with aluminium alloy

Bars for spans up to 3 m. 6.3 19.5 ,,
Glazing with lead – covered
Steel bars at 0.6 m. centres 6.4 26 to 29 ,,
Slates on batten - 35 to 50 ,,
Thatch with battens - 35 to 50 ,,
Roof finishes :
Bitumen macadam 10 22 ,,
Felt roofing 10 0.8 ,,
Glass, silk quilted 0.5 5.5 ,,
Lead sheet 0.8 8.8 ,,
10 21 ,,
Mortar screeding
5. Walling
Brick well 100 195 ,,

Cinder concrete 75 115 ,,
Galvanized iron sheet - 15 ,,
Hollow glass block (bricks) 100 90 ,,
Hollow blocks :
Ballast or stone concrete 20 20.5 ,,
Clay 20 20.5 ,,
Clinker concrete 20 22.5 ,,
Coke brezze concrete 20 18 ,,
Diatomaceous earth 20 9.5 ,,
Gypsum 20 14 ,,
Pumice concrete 20 18 ,,
Slag concrete, air- cooled 20 20 ,,
Slag concrete, foamed 20 19 ,,
Lath and plaster - 40 ,,
Solid blocks :
Ballast or stone 20 46 ,,
Clinker concrete 20 30.5 ,,
Coke brezze concrete 20 22.5 ,,
Pumice concrete 20 22.5 ,,
Slag concrete, foamed 20 25.5 ,,
Terrazzo cast partitions 40 95 ,,
Timber studding plastered - 100 ,,
Table 5
Unit weight of metals and alloys
(IS : 1911 – 1967)
Weight
Material kg. per.
1. Aluminium
Cast 2580 to 2710 Cu. m.

Wrought 2640 to 2800
Sheet per mm thickness 2.8 Sq. m.
2. Copper
Cast 8790 to 8940 Cu. m.

Wrought 8840 to 8940 ,,
Sheet per mm thickness 8.69 Sq. m.
3. Gold
Cast 19250 to 19330 Cu. m.

Wrought 19330 ,,
4. Lead
Cast 11340 ,,
Liquid 10710 ,,
Wrought 11360 ,,
Sheet per mm thickness 11 Sq. m.
5. Mercury 13600 Cu. m.
6. Tungsten 19200 ,,
7. Bronzes
Bell metal (Copper 80%, Tin 20%) 8730 ,,

Gun metal (copper 90%, Tin 10%) 8780 ,,
8. Cadmium & Tin

7690 ,,
9. Lead & Tin
Lead 87.5%, Tin 12.5% 10590 ,,

Lead 30.5%, Tin 69.5% 8270 ,,
10. Steel
Cast 7850 ,,
Wrought mild 7830 ,,
Black plate per mm thickness 7.9 Sq. m.
Table 6
Standard Dimensions & Weight of Round and Square Bars
IS : 432 – 1966 (part – I)
Round bars Square bars
Diameter Sectional Weight Sectional Weight

Area Perimeter per Width Area Perimeter per
meter meter
mm Sq. cm cm kg/m mm Sq. cm cm kg/m
5.0 0.196 1.57 0.154 5.0 0.25 2.0 0.196

6.0 0.283 1.88 0.222 6.0 0.36 2.4 0.283
8.0 0.503 2.51 0.395 8.0 0.64 3.2 0.502
10.0 0.785 3.14 0.617 10.0 1.00 4.0 0.785
12.0 1.13 3.77 0.888 12.0 1.44 4.8 1.13
16.0 2.01 5.03 1.58 16.0 2.56 6.4 2.01
20.0 3.14 6.28 2.47 20.0 4.00 8.0 3.14
22.0 3.80 6.91 2.98 22.0 4.84 8.8 3.80
25.0 4.91 7.85 3.85 25.0 6.25 10.0 4.91
28.0 6.16 8.80 4.83 28.0 7.84 11.2 6.15
32.0 8.04 10.05 6.31 32.0 10.24 12.8 8.04
36.0 10.18 11.31 7.99 36.0 12.96 14.4 10.17
40.0 12.57 12.57 9.86 40.0 16.00 16.0 12.56
Table 7
Areas of steel bars for various spacings
Spacing Area in sq. cm. per meter width of slob for bar diameter of :
cm 6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm 14mm 16mm 18mm 20mm 22mm 25mm
6.0 4.71 8.38 13.09 18.85 25.66 33.51 42.41 52.36 63.36 81.81
6.5 4.35 7.73 12.08 17.40 23.68 30.93 39.15 48.33 58.48 72.52
7.0 4.04 7.18 11.22 16.16 21.99 28.73 36.35 44.88 54.30 70.12
7.5 3.77 6.70 10.47 15.08 20.53 26.81 33.93 41.89 50.68 65.45
8.0 3.53 6.28 9.82 14.14 19.24 25.13 31.81 39.27 47.51 61.36
8.5 3.33 5.91 9.24 13.31 18.11 23.65 29.94 36.96 44.72 57.75
9.0 3.14 5.59 8.73 12.57 17.10 22.34 28.28 34.90 42.24 54.54
9.5 2.98 5.29 8.27 11.90 16.20 21.17 26.79 33.06 40.01 51.67
10.0 2.83 5.03 7.85 11.31 15.39 20.11 25.45 31.41 38.01 49.09
10.5 2.69 4.79 7.48 10.77 14.66 19.15 24.24 29.91 36.20 46.75
11.0 2.57 4.57 7.14 10.28 13.99 18.28 23.13 28.55 34.56 44.62
11.5 2.46 4.37 6.83 9.84 13.39 17.48 22.13 27.31 33.05 42.68
12.0 2.36 4.19 6.54 9.42 12.83 16.76 21.21 26.17 31.68 40.91
12.5 2.26 4.02 6.28 9.05 12.32 16.09 20.36 25.13 30.41 39.27
13.0 2.17 3.87 6.04 8.70 11.84 15.47 19.58 24.16 29.24 37.76
13.5 2.09 3.72 5.82 8.38 11.40 14.90 18.85 23.27 28.16 36.36
14.0 2.02 3.59 5.61 8.08 11.0 14.36 18.18 22.44 27.15 35.06
14.5 1.95 3.47 5.42 7.80 10.62 13.87 17.55 21.66 26.21 33.85
15.0 1.89 3.35 5.24 7.54 10.26 13.41 16.97 20.94 25.34 32.72
15.5 1.82 3.24 5.07 7.30 9.93 12.97 16.42 20.27 24.52 31.67
16.0 1.77 3.14 4.91 7.07 9.62 12.57 15.90 19.63 23.76 30.68
16.5 1.71 3.05 4.76 6.85 9.33 12.19 15.42 19.04 23.04 29.75
17.0 1.66 2.96 4.62 6.65 9.05 11.83 14.97 18.48 22.36 28.87
17.5 1.62 2.87 4.49 6.46 8.80 11.49 14.54 17.95 21.72 28.05
18.0 1.57 2.79 4.36 6.28 8.55 11.17 14.14 17.45 21.12 27.27
18.5 1.53 2.72 4.25 6.11 8.32 10.87 13.76 16.98 20.55 26.53
19.0 1.49 2.65 4.13 5.95 8.10 10.58 13.39 16.54 20.01 25.84
19.5 1.45 2.58 4.03 5.80 7.89 10.31 13.05 16.11 19.49 25.17
20.0 1.41 2.51 3.93 5.65 7.70 10.05 12.72 15.71 19.01 24.54
25.0 1.13 2.01 3.14 4.52 6.16 8.04 10.18 12.57 15.21 19.63
30.0 0.94 1.68 2.62 3.77 5.13 6.70 8.48 10.47 12.67 16.36
Table 10 (a) – Coutd.
Size Sectional Weight Flange Web Second moments

area per thickness thickness of area
Designation hxb meter lxx lxx
mm a w tf tw 4 4
cm cm
Sq. cm kg mm mm
ISMB 450 450x150 92.27 72.4 17.4 9.4 30390.8 834.0
ISMB 500 500x180 110.74 86.9 17.2 10.2 45218.3 1369.8
ISMB 550 550x190 132.11 103.7 19.3 11.2 64893.6 1833.8
ISMB 600 600x210 156.21 122.6 20.8 12.0 91813.0 2651.0
ISWB 150 150x100 21.67 17.0 7.0 5.4 839.1 94.8

ISWB 175 175x125 28.11 22.1 7.4 5.8 1509.4 188.6
ISWB 200 200x140 36.71 28.8 9.0 6.1 2624.5 328.8
ISWB 225 225x150 43.24 33.9 9.9 6.4 3920.5 448.6
ISWB 250 250x200 52.05 40.9 9.0 6.7 5943.1 857.5
ISWB 300 300x200 61.33 48.1 10.0 7.4 9821.6 990.1
ISWB 350 350x200 72.50 56.9 11.4 8.0 15521.7 1175.9
ISWB 400 400x200 85.81 66.7 13.0 8.6 23426.7 1388.0
ISWB 450 450x200 101.15 79.4 15.4 9.2 35057.6 1706.7
ISWB 500 500x250 121.22 95.2 14.7 9.9 52290.9 2987.8
ISWB 550 550x250 143.34 112.5 17.6 10.5 74906.1 3740.6
ISWB 600 600x250 170.38 133.7 21.3 11.2 106198.5 4702.5
ISWB 600 600x250 184.86 145.1 23.6 11.8 115626.6 5298.3
ISHB 150 150x150 34.48 27.1 9.0 5.4 1455.6 431.7

ISHB 150 150x150 38.98 30.6 9.0 8.4 1540.0 460.3
ISHB 150 150x150 44.08 24.6 9.0 11.8 1636.6 494.9
ISHB 200 200x200 47.54 37.3 9.0 6.1 3608.4 967.1
ISHB 200 200x200 50.94 40.0 9.0 7.8 3721.8 994.6
ISHB 225 225x225 54.94 43.1 9.1 6.5 5279.5 1353.8
ISHB 225 225x225 59.66 46.8 9.1 8.6 5478.8 1396.6
ISHB 250 250x250 64.96 51.0 9.7 6.9 7736.5 1961.3
ISHB 250 250x250 69.71 54.7 9.7 8.8 7983.9 2011.7
ISHB 300 300x250 74.85 58.8 10.6 7.6 12545.2 2193.6
ISHB 300 300x250 80.25 63.0 10.6 9.4 12950.2 2246.7
ISHB 350 350x250 85.91 67.4 11.6 8.3 19159.7 2451.4
ISHB 350 350x250 92.21 72.4 11.6 10.1 19802.8 2510.5
ISHB 400 400x250 98.66 77.4 12.7 9.1 28083.5 2728.3
ISHB 400 400x250 104.66 82.2 12.7 10.6 28823.5 2783.0
ISHB 450 450x250 111.14 87.2 13.7 9.8 39210.8 2985.2
ISHB 450 450x250 117.89 92.5 13.7 11.3 40349.9 3045.0
ISJB (Indian Standard junior Beams)

ISLB (Indian Standard Light Weight Beams)
ISMB (Indian Standard Medium Weight Beams)
ISWB (Indian Standard Wide Flange Beams)
ISHB (Indian Standard Column Sections – H Beams)
Table 8
Range of Correct Weight of Tor Steel
Diameter Tor 40 & Tor 50

mm Range of correct weight Range of correct tatal length
Kg/m m/t
6 0.206 - 0.238 4854 to 4202
8 0.367 - 0.423 2725 to 2364
10 0.574 - 0.660 1742 to 1515
12 0.843 - 0.932 1185 to 1073
16 1.500 - 1.658 667 to 602
20 2.393 - 2.541 417 to 394
22 2.896 - 3.074 346 to 326
25 3.739 - 3.971 267 to 252
28 4.691 - 4.981 212 to 202
32 6.127 - 6.506 163 to 154
36 7.754 - 8.234 129 to 122
40 9.572 - 10.165 104 to 99
Table 9
Tor steel equivalent to mild steel
The following diameter may be used instead of the mild steel bars for tension and
Compression reinforcement to give the same strength.
For Tension Reinforcement

Mild Steel 8 10 12 16 20 22 25 28 32 36 40
Diameter (mm)
Tor Steel (TOR 40) 6* 8 10 12* 16 18 20 22 25 28 32
Diameter (mm)
* Original spacing should be reduced by 10%
For Compression Reinforcement

Mild Steel 12 16 20 22 25 28 32 36 40
Diameter (mm)
Tor Steel (TOR 40) 10 14 2x12 18 20 22 2x18 2x20 32
Diameter (mm)
Ribbed torsteel can be used without end hooks.
When the above substitution tables are used, no extra lap or anchorage length over
Those necessary for the equivalent size of plain round bar is required.
Table 11
Weight and sectional properties of rails
Properties of flat bottom rails used on Indian Railways.
Bottom Weight of Distance Section Moment of Radius of Total

Width Rail in lbs from top of Modulus inertia Gyration depth
inches Per yard. Rail to N.A about X-X about X-X about X-X inches
4
inches cu-inch inch inches
5.000 100 FF 3.03 15.40 46.70 2.18 6.000

5.375 90 R 2.95 13.05 38.45 2.09 5.625
5.375 90BSSFF 2.80 12.33 34.51 1.98 5.375
5.000 87 FF 2.59 11.50 29.72 1.86 5.150
2.375 84 BH 2.87 9.50 27.27 1.85 5.469
2.500 85 BH 2.94 10.46 30.70 1.91 5.550
2.406 78 DH 2.72 10.09 27.47 1.92 5.437
4.812 75 R 2.61 9.72 25.36 1.86 5.062
4.812 75BSSFF 2.49 9.23 22.97 1.77 4.812

2.375 75 DH 2.60 8.63 22.45 1.73 5.187
4.000 74 FF 2.52 8.16 20.56 1.67 4.750
4.500 70 FF 2.44 7.46 18.21 1.65 4.562
2.437 68 DH 2.50 7.86 19.66 1.71 5.000
2.125 68 BH 2.91 7.63 22.19 1.81 5.343
2.250 64 DH 2.50 7.32 18.30 1.73 5.000
4.000 62 FF 2.32 6.91 16.03 1.62 4.500
4.312 60 R 2.31 7.04 16.26 1.66 4.500
4.312 60 BSS 2.25 5.77 12.98 1.48 4.312
4.000 60 FF 2.13 6.57 13.99 1.54 4.250

3.875 58 ½ FF 2.20 5.56 12.22 1.46 4.312
3.937 50 BSS 1.97 5.13 10.10 1.44 3.937
3.500 50 FF 2.00 5.03 10.06 1.43 4.000
3.500 40 BSS 1.75 3.74 6.55 1.29 3.500
3.250 35 BSS 1.62 3.04 4.94 1.20 3.250
3.105 35 FF 1.67 3.06 5.09 1.21 3.307
3.000 30 BSS 1.50 2.39 2.59 1.11 3.000
For old rails the moment of inertia and section modulus should be reduced by 12½ percent,
Where they are proposed to be used as beams. Min. radius of gyration at right angles to
x x is about ¼ to ½
Table 12
Weight of mild steel flats
Thickness 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 16 18 20 25 32 40
mm
Width Weight in kg/m

mm
10 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 - - - - - - - - -

15 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 - - - - - - - -
20 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.6 - - - - - - -
25 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 - - - - - -
30 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.8 - - - - -
35 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.3 4.4 5.0 5.6 - - -
40 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.8 5.0 5.6 6.3 - - -
45 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.6 6.4 7.1 - - -
50 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.1 3.9 4.7 6.3 7.1 7.8 9.8 - -
55 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.4 4.3 5.2 6.9 7.8 8.6 10.8 - -
60 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 7.5 8.5 9.4 11.8 15.1 -
65 - - - 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 8.2 9.2 10.2 12.8 16.3 20.4
70 - - - 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 8.8 9.9 11.0 13.7 17.6 22.0
75 - - - 3.5 4.7 5.9 7.1 9.4 10.6 11.8 14.7 18.8 23.6
80 - - - 3.8 5.0 6.3 7.5 10.0 11.3 12.6 15.7 20.1 25.1
90 - - - 4.2 5.6 7.1 8.5 11.3 12.7 14.1 17.7 22.6 28.3
100 - - - 4.7 6.3 7.8 9.4 12.6 14.1 15.7 19.6 25.1 31.4
110 - - - 5.2 6.9 8.6 10.4 13.8 15.5 17.3 21.6 27.6 34.5
120 - - - 5.6 7.5 9.4 11.3 15.1 17.0 18.8 23.6 30.1 37.7
130 - - - - 8.2 10.2 12.2 16.3 18.4 20.4 25.5 32.7 40.8
140 - - - - 8.8 11.0 13.2 17.6 19.8 22.0 27.5 35.2 44.0
150 - - - - 9.4 11.8 14.1 18.8 21.2 23.6 29.4 37.7 47.1
200 - - - - - 15.7 18.8 25.1 28.3 31.4 39.2 50.2 62.8
250 - - - - - 19.6 23.6 31.4 35.3 39.2 49.1 62.8 78.5
300 - - - - - - 28.3 37.7 42.4 47.1 58.9 75.4 94.2
400 - - - - - - - 50.2 56.5 62.8 78.5 100.5 125.6
Table 13
Weight of mild steel strips
Thickness 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 4 2 0
BG*
Thickness 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.24 2.50 2.80 3.15 3.55 4.00 4.50 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
mm
Width Weight in kg/m

mm
100 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.7 6.3 7.8
125 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.9 7.8 9.8
160 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.3 7.5 10.0 12.6
200 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.1 7.8 9.4 12.6 15.7
250 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.2 7.0 7.8 8.8 9.8 11.8 15.7 19.6
320 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.9 8.9 10.0 11.3 12.6 15.1 20.1 25.1
400 5.0 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.8 8.8 9.9 11.1 12.6 14.1 15.7 18.8 25.1 31.4
500 6.3 7.1 7.8 8.8 9.8 11.0 12.4 13.9 15.7 17.7 19.6 23.6 31.4 39.2
650 8.2 9.2 10.2 11.4 12.8 14.3 16.1 18.1 20.4 23.0 25.5 30.6 40.8 51.0
800 10.0 11.3 12.6 14.1 15.7 17.6 19.8 22.3 25.1 28.3 31.4 37.7 50.2 62.8
950 - 13.4 14.9 16.7 18.6 20.9 23.5 26.5 29.8 33.6 37.3 44.7 59.7 74.6
1050 - - 16.5 18.5 20.6 23.1 26.0 29.3 33.0 37.1 41.2 49.5 65.9 82.4
1150 - - - 20.2 22.6 25.3 28.4 32.0 36.1 40.6 45.1 54.2 72.2 90.3
1250 - - - - 24.5 27.5 30.9 34.8 39.2 44.2 49.1 58.9 78.5 98.1
1300 - - - - - 28.6 32.1 36.2 40.8 45.6 51.0 61.2 81.6 102.0
1450 - - - - - - 35.8 40.4 45.5 51.2 56.9 68.3 91.1 113.8
1550 - - - - - - 38.3 43.2 48.7 54.7 60.8 73.0 97.3 121.7
Table – 14
Weight of M.S Sheets and Plates
M.S Sheet M.S Plates
Thickness BG* Weight Kg/Sq. m Thickness Weight Kg/Sq. m

mm mm
0.40 28 3.15 5 39.25
0.50 26 3.90 6 47.10
0.63 24 4.95 8 62.80
0.80 22 6.30 10 78.50
0.90 21 7.05 12 92.20
1.00 20 7.85 14 109.90
1.12 19 8.80 16 125.60
1.25 18 9.80 18 141.30
1.40 17 11.00 20 157.00
1.60 16 12.55 22 172.70
1.80 15 14.15 25 196.25
2.00 14 15.70 28 219.80
2.24 13 17.60 32 251.20
2.50 12 19.60 36 282.60
2.80 11 22.00 40 314.00
3.15 10 24.75 45 353.25
3.55 9 27.85 50 392.50
4.00 8 31.40 56 439.60
4.50 7 35.35 63 494.55
* Birmingham Gauge
Table 15
Weights of Metal Bars or Plates in Lbs./Sq. ft.
1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 in.
5.0 7.5 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 37.5 40.0
5.10 7.65 10. 12.75 15.30 17.85 20.40 22.95 25.50 28.05 30.60 33.15 35.70 38.25 40.80
5.50 8.33 0 13.88 16.65 19.43 22.20 24.98 27.75 30.53 33.30 36.08 38.25 41.63 44.40
5.72 8.58 10. 14.30 17.16 20.02 22.88 25.73 28.59 31.45 34.31 37.17 40.03 42.89 45.75
7.42 11.13 20 18.55 22.27 25.98 29.69 33.40 37.11 40.83 44.53 48.24 51.95 55.66 59.38
4.75 7.12 11. 11.87 14.24 16.61 18.99 21.36 23.73 26.11 28.48 30.85 33.23 35.60 37.98
5.80 8.70 10 14.50 17.45 20.30 23.40 26.15 29.25 32.15 35.10 38.10 40.95 43.90 46.80
11.
44
14.
84
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
11.3 10.36 9.5 8.80 8.12 7.20 6.50 5.92 5.20 4.80 4.36 3.80 3.32 2.88 2.60
6 10.57 2 8.98 8.28 7.34 6.73 6.04 5.31 4.90 4.44 3.88 3.39 2.94 2.65
11.5 11.50 9.7 9.77 9.01 7.99 7.33 6.57 5.95 5.32 4.84 4.22 3.68 3.20 2.89
9 11.85 1 10.07 9.29 8.24 7.55 6.77 7.13 5.49 4.99 4.35 3.80 3.29 2.97
12.6 15.38 10. 13.06 12.05 10.69 9.80 8.79 7.96 7.13 6.47 5.64 4.93 4.28 3.86
1 9.84 59 8.36 7.71 6.84 6.27 5.62 5.09 4.56 4.14 3.61 3.15 2.73 2.47
12.9 11.78 10. 9.95 8.98 8.24 7.50 6.74 6.00 5.41 4.88 4.26 3.74 3.26 3.00
9 3.51 89 2.81 2.54 2.34 2.12 1.91 1.70 1.54 1.38 1.22 1.06 0.95 0.85
16.8 14.
6 13
10.7 9.0
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
1.96 1.68 1.0 1.28 1.12 1.00 0.88 0.80 0.72 0.64 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.40 0.36
2.00 1.71 4 1.31 1.14 1.02 0.90 0.82 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.41 0.37
2.18 1.86 1.4 1.42 1.24 1.11 0.98 0.89 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.58 0.53 0.44 0.40
2.24 1.92 3 1.46 1.28 1.14 1.01 0.92 0.82 0.73 0.64 0.59 0.55 0.48 0.45
2.91 2.49 1.5 1.90 1.66 1.48 1.31 1.19 1.07 0.95 0.83 0.77 0.71 0.59 0.53
1.86 1.59 5 1.22 1.06 0.95 0.84 0.76 0.68 0.61 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.38 0.34
2.26 1.93 1.6 1.48 1.31 1.16 1.03 0.94 0.84 0.74 0.65 0.61 0.56 0.49 0.47
0.64 0.56 1 0.42 0.37 0.33 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.13
2.0
8
1.3
S.W.G. 1/16
Iron 2.5
Steel 2.55
Brass 2.78
Copper 2.86
Land 3.71
Zinc 2.37
Monel 2.90
S.W.G. 1
Iron 12.00
Steel 12.24
Brass 13.32
Copper 13.73
Lead 17.81
Zinc 11.39
Monel 14.07
Aluminium 4.17
S.W.G. 17
Iron 2.32
Steel 2.37
Brass 2.58
Copper 2.65
Lead 3.44
Zinc 2.20
Monel 2.66
Aluminium 0.73
Table 18
Weight of Lead and Copper Sheets
Land Sheets Copper Sheets
Thickness Weight Thickness Weight in

mm Kg./Sq. m. mm Kg. of Sheet
Of Size
1250x1250 mm
0.5 5.7 0.60 8.5
1.0 11.3 0.64 9.0
2.0 22.7 0.68 9.5
2.5 28.3 0.72 10.0
3.2 36.2 0.76 10.5
3.5 39.7 0.80 11.0
4.0 45.4 0.84 11.5
4.5 51.0 0.88 12.0
5.0 56.7 0.92 13.0
5.5 62.1 1.00 14.0
6.0 68.0 1.08 15.0
7.0 79.1 1.20 16.5
8.0 90.7 1.36 19.0
9.0 102.0 1.44 20.0
10.0 113.0 1.60 22.5
12.0 136.0 1.80 25.0
14.0 159.0 2.00 28.0
16.0 181.0 2.20 30.5
2.40 33.5
2.80 39.0
3.20 44.5
3.60 50.0
4.00 55.5
4.40 61.0
4.80 67.0
5.30 72.5
Table 19
Weight of A.C. roofing sheets
Length of Weight per Approximate

Description Sheet Sheet No. of sheets
m kg Per Tonne
A.C. Corrugated 1.5 21.074 48
Sheet 1.05m Widex6 mm 2.0 28.098 36
thick - Grey 2.5 35.123 29
3.0 42.147 24
A.C. Corrugated 1.5 19.718 51
Sheet 1.09m Widex6 mm 2.0 26.290 38
thick - Grey 2.5 32.863 31
3.0 39.435 26
Table 20
Weight of A.C. roofing accessories
Description Symbol Unit Weight per Approximate

Unit No. of units
kg Per Tonne
Close fitting adjustable ridges BS2 pair 11.773 85
Serrated adjustable ridges B S 10 pair 8.468 118
North light adjustable ridges BS5 pair 8.790 114
Eaves filler pieces BS4 pieces 4.032 248
North light curves BS9 “ 12.085 83
Apron pieces BS3 “ 5.886 170
Ridge finals BS7 “ 1.936 517
Cowl type ventilators B S 12 “ 5.645 178
Curved barge boards for
(a) North light Curves R.H. B S 14 “ 4.082 245
(b) L.H. B S 15 “ 4.082 245
`S’ Type Louvres (1.83m) B S13/6 “ 9.606 105
Roof light (With out glass)
1.50m CABR “ 34.352 30
1.83m ABR (ov) “ 40.370 25
Serrated adjustable ridges TS2 pair 9.273 108
Uuserrated adjustable ridges TS3 “ 10.886 92
Plain wing adjustable ridges TS4 “ 9.112 110
North light adjustable ridges TS5 “ 9.193 109
One piece plain angular ridges T S 17 pieces 7.317 137
Barge boards (or) Corner
pieces T S 6/6 “ 8.064 124
1.83m long T/S 6/8 “ 11.487 88
2.44m long TS8 “ 2.741 365
Eaves filler pieces TS9 “ 11.308 89
North light curves T S 18 “ 11.308 89
Ventilator Curves T S 10 “ 4.758 211
Apron pieces T S 11 pair 2.016 496
Ridge finals T S 12 pieces 5.645 178
Cowl type ventilators
Curves barge boards
For North light curves T S 16 “ 4.536 221
R.H. T S 15 “ 4.033 248
L.H. T S 14 foot 1.088 920
Expansion joints for sheets TS 7 pair 7.662 131
Expansion joints for ridges
Expansion joints for T S 13 pieces 2.581 388
North light curves
Roof light (without glass) CATR “ 34.604 29
1.5m long ATR (ov) 39.009 26
1.8m long ATR (ov)
“ 39.917 26
“
Table 21
Weight of A.C. Gutters
Description Length Size Weight per Approximate

m mm Piece No. of pieces
kg Per tonne
1.83 279.4x127.0x177.8 14.968 67
Plain ended 1.83 304.8x152.4x228.6 23.587 43
Eaves or 1.83 457.2x152.4x304.8 29.484 34
Boundry
1.83 508.0x152.4x254.0 29.484 34
Wall gutters
Plain ended 1.83 406.4x127.0x254.0 24.494 41

Valley 1.83 609.6x152.4x228.6 29.484 34
gutters
1.83 914.4x203.2x228.6 45.360 22
1.83 457.2x127.0x152.4 24.948 41
Half round 1.83 152.4 8.618 117

gutters with 1.83 228.6 14.061 72
socket 1.83 304.8 15.966 63
Table 22
Comparison of weights of sheets of different metals
For 16 BG gauge (1.588 mm thickness) in kg/sq. m.
Aluminium 4.26 Lead 18.10

Brass 13.37 Steel 12.55
Cast Iron 11.47 Wrought Iron 12.20
Copper 13.08 Zinc 11.42
Table 23
Salt – Glazed stone ware pipes and fitting
IS 651 – 1965 & IS 1911 - 1967
Length (Excl. Internal dia. Mean thickness of Internal depth Weight of one
Internal depth of pipe Barrel & socket of socket Pipe
Of socket) (min) (min)
mm mm mm mm kg
600 100 12 50 14
600 150 16 57 22
600 or 750 200 17 63 33
600 or 750 230 19 63 42
600 or 750 250 20 70 52
600 or 750 300 25 70 79
600 350 30 75 100
600 400 35 75 128
600 450 38 76 147
600 500 40 80 180
600 600 44 90 240
Table 24
Weight of cast iron rainwater pipes
IS : 1911 - 1967
IS : 1230 - 1968
Length Internal Thickness Weight

diameter mm
(Nominal Bore) Socket pipe
mm kg./pipe
1.8 m with socket 50 4.0 3.0 7.5
“ 75 “ “ 11.0
“ 100 “ “ 14.0
“ 125 “ “ 20.0
“ 150 “ 4.0 26.0
1.5 m with socket 50 “ 3.0 6.5
“ 75 “ “ 9.5
“ 100 “ ‘ 12.5
“ 125 “ “ 17.5
“ 150 “ 4.0 23.5
Table 25
Nominal weight of mild steel tubes
Nominal bore Nominal Weight of Black Tube

mm Kg./m
Light Plain End Heavy Screwed and Socketed
Medium Light Medium Heavy
6 0.361 0.407 0.493 0.364 0.410 0.496
8 0.571 0.650 0.769 0.521 0.654 0.773
10 0.674 0.852 1.02 0.680 0.858 1.03
15 0.952 1.22 1.45 0.961 1.23 1.46
20 1.41 1.58 1.90 1.42 1.59 1.91
25 2.01 2.44 2.97 2.03 2.46 2.99
32 2.58 3.14 3.84 2.61 3.17 3.87
40 3.25 3.61 4.43 3.29 3.65 4.47
50 4.11 5.10 6.17 4.18 5.17 6.24
65 5.80 6.51 7.90 5.92 6.63 8.02
80 6.81 8.47 10.10 6.98 8.64 10.30
90 8.74 9.72 11.60 8.92 9.90 11.80
100 9.89 12.10 14.40 10.20 12.40 14.70
125 - 16.20 17.80 - 16.70 18.30
150 - 19.20 21.20 - 19.80 21.80
Identification colour band

Light tubes-Brown ; Medium tubes-Blue ; Heavy tubes-Red
Galvanized tubes may be 5% heavier than black tubes
Table 26
Weight of A.C. Building Pipes
Length Diameter Weight per pipe Approximate

m mm Kg. No. of pipes per tonne
1.00 50.8 3.504 286
76.2 5.219 192
101.6 6.785 148
152.4 10.295 98
1.50 50.8 5.030 199
76.2 7.545 133
101.6 9.781 103
152.4 14.649 69
1.75 50.8 5.792 173
76.2 8.708 115
101.6 11.278 89
152.4 16.825 60
2.00 50.8 6.555 153
76.2 9.871 102
101.6 12.776 79
152.4 19.002 53
3.00 50.8 9.606 105
76.2 14.523 69
101.6 18.767 54
152.4 27.709 37
Table 27
Weight of A.C. Building Pipes
(IS : 1911 – 1967)
Internal
Weight
Material diameter
mm Kg. Per
80 19 m.
100 22 “
1.Class NP 1 (Unreinforced 150 31 “
non – pressure pipes) 250 41 “
300 70 “
350 86 “
400 97 “
450 110 “
Table 27 – Contd.
Internal
Weight
Material diameter
mm Kg. Per
80 20 m.
100 24 “
150 33 “
250 52 “
300 75 “
350 92 “
400 104 “
450 128 “
2. Class NP 2 (Reinforced 500 141 “
Concrete, light duty 600 193 “
non-pressure pipes) “
700 223
800 287 “
900 358 “
1000 438 “
1100 525 “
1200 620 “
1400 834 “
1600 1013 “
1800 1283 “
350 240 “
400 269 ”
450 297 “
500 325 “
3. Class NP 3 (Reinforced 600 410 “
concrete, heavy duty, “
700 470
non-pressure pipes) 800 604 “
900 754 “
1000 829 “
1100 1054 “
1200 1140 “
80 20 “
100 24 “
150 33 “
250 52 “
300 75 “
350 92 “
4. Class P1 (Reinforced 400 104 “
concrete, pressure pipes “
450 128
safe for 2.0 kg./sq. com 500 141 “
pressure tests) 600 193 “
700 223 “
800 287 “
900 358 “
1000 437 “
1100 525 “
1200 620
Table 27 – Contd.
Internal
Weight
Material diameter
mm Kg. Per
80 20 m.
100 24 “
5. Class P 2 (Reinforced 150 33 “
concrete Pressure pies 250 63 “
safe for 4.0 kg./ Sq. cm. 300 103 “
400 170 “
450 188 “
500 230 “
600 326 “
80 20 “
6. Class P 3 (Reinforced 100 24 “
concrete pressure pipes 150 33 “
safe for 6.0 kg./sq. cm. 250 75 “
350 168 “
400 208 “
Table 28
Weight of material required per joint for joining C.I. pipes
Nominal size Lead / joint Spun yarn / joint
mm Kg. Kg.
80 1.8 0.10
100 2.2 0.18
125 2.6 0.20
150 3.4 0.20
200 5.0 0.30
250 6.1 0.35
300 7.2 0.48
350 8.4 0.60
400 9.5 0.75
450 14.0 0.95
500 15.0 1.00
600 19.0 1.20
700 22.0 1.35
750 25.0 1.45
800 31.5 1.53
900 41.0 1.88
1000 46.0 2.05
1100 50.0 2.40
1200 66.5 2.60
Table 29
Economic diameter of pumping mains
Litres/hour
In thousands 27 54 109 163 215 295 445 590 900
Bore of pipe
in mm 150 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700
Table 30
Diameter and Weight of Steel wires
Gauge Diameter Weight per Length per
Swg. Inch mm. 1000 ft. 1000m. 1 Ib. 1 kg.
5/0 0.432 10.97 497.8 740.8 2.009 1.350

4/0 0.400 10.16 426.8 635.2 2.343 1.574
3/0 0.372 9.45 369.1 549.3 2.709 1.820
2/0 0.348 8.84 323.0 480.7 3.096 2.080
0 0.324 8.23 280.0 416.7 3.572 2.400
1 0.300 7.62 240.0 357.2 4.166 2.800
2 0.276 7.01 203.18 302.4 4.922 3.308
3 0.252 6.40 169.38 252.1 5.904 3.967
4 0.232 5.89 143.56 213.6 6.966 4.681
5 0.212 5.39 119.88 178.6 8.342 5.606
6 0.192 4.88 98.32 146.3 10.170 6.834
7 0.176 4.47 82.62 123.0 12.104 8.134
8 0.160 4.06 68.281 101.6 14.650 9.845
9 0.144 3.66 55.307 82.30 18.080 12.150
10 0.128 3.25 43.700 65.03 22.880 15.375
11 0.116 2.95 35.890 53.41 27.86 18.72
12 0.104 2.64 28.849 43.01 34.66 23.25
13 0.092 2.34 22.575 33.59 44.30 29.77
14 0.080 2.03 17.070 25.40 58.58 39.37
15 0.072 1.83 13.827 20.58 72.40 48.65
16 0.064 1.63 10.925 16.25 91.53 61.51
17 0.056 1.42 8.364 12.45 119.6 80.37
18 0.048 1.22 6.145 9.14 162.7 109.3
19 0.040 1.02 4.267 6.35 234.3 157.4
20 0.036 0.91 3.457 5.14 289.3 194.4
21 0.032 0.81 2.731 4.06 366.1 246.0
22 0.028 0.71 2.100 3.12 276.2 320.5
24 0.018 0.56 1.300 1.93 769.2 518.1
26 0.018 0.46 0.900 1.34 1111.1 746.3
Table 31
Weight of 100 ft. of Wire of Different Metals
S.W.G. Iron Steel Brass Copper S.W.G. Iron Steel Brass Copper
Ib Ib Ib Ib Ib Ib Ib Ib
7/0 66.7 76 10 4.23 4.34 4.65 5.07

6/0 57.3 65 11 3.46 3.55 3.80 4.10
5/0 49.7 57 12 2.80 2.87 3.08 3.30
4/0 42.7 48.7 13 2.16 2.22 2.37 2.58
3/0 36.9 42 14 1.66 1.70 1.83 1.94
2/0 32.3 36.8 15 1.33 1.36 1.46 1.58
0 28 32 16 1.06 1.08 1.16 1.24
1 23.4 24 25.7 27.4 17 .80 .82 .88 .95
2 19.6 20.1 21.6 23.3 18 .60 .62 .66 .70
3 16.4 16.8 18.1 19.3 19 .40 .41 .44 .487
4 13.8 14.3 15.2 16.4 20 .33 .34 .36 .395
5 11.6 11.9 12.7 13.7 21 .273 .312
6 9.5 9.7 10.5 11.15 22 .209 .238
7 8 8.2 8.8 9.42 23 .154 .175
8 6.6 6.8 7.3 7.80 24 .129 .148
9 5.3 5.4 5.8 6.30 25 .107 .121
26 .086 .098
Table 32 (a)
Dimensions and weight of standard oblong mesh
Longitudinal wires Transverse wire Weight
Wire Dia Mesh Area Wire Dia Mesh Area Ibs/ Kg./
SWG inch inch Sq.in/FTW SWG inch inch Sq.in/FTW Sq. ft. Sq.m
4/0 0.400 3 0.503 4 0.232 12 0.042 1.85 9.03

4/0 0.400 3 0.503 4 0.232 16 0.032 1.82 8.89
3/0 0.372 3 0.435 4 0.232 12 0.042 1.62 7.91

3/0 0.372 3 0.435 4 0.232 16 0.032 1.58 7.71
2/0 0.348 3 0.380 6 0.192 12 0.029 1.39 6.79

2/0 0.348 3 0.380 6 0.192 16 0.029 1.36 6.64
0 0.324 3 0.330 6 0.192 12 0.029 1.22 5.96

0 0.324 3 0.330 6 0.192 16 0.022 1.19 5.86
2 0.276 3 0.239 7 0.176 12 0.024 0.89 4.34

2 0.276 3 0.239 7 0.176 16 0.018 0.87 4.25
3 0.252 3 0.199 8 0.160 12 0.020 0.75 3.66

3 0.252 3 0.199 8 0.160 16 0.015 0.73 3.56
4 0.232 3 0.169 9 0.144 12 0.016 0.63 3.08

4 0.232 3 0.169 9 0.144 16 0.012 0.61 2.98
4 0.232 3 0.169 10 0.128 12 0.013 0.62 3.03
4 0.232 3 0.169 10 0.128 16 0.010 0.61 2.98
5 0.212 3 0.141 10 0.128 12 0.013 0.52 2.54

5 0.212 3 0.141 10 0.128 16 0.010 0.51 2.49
6 0.192 3 0.116 10 0.128 12 0.013 0.43 2.10

6 0.192 3 0.116 10 0.128 16 0.010 0.42 2.05
7 0.176 3 0.097 10 0.128 12 0.013 0.38 1.85

7 0.176 3 0.097 10 0.128 16 0.010 0.37 1.81
8 0.160 3 0.080 10 0.128 12 0.013 0.32 1.56

8 0.160 3 0.080 10 0.128 16 0.010 0.31 1.51
8 0.160 3 0.080 12 0.104 12 0.009 0.30 1.47
8 0.160 3 0.080 12 0.104 16 0.006 0.29 1.42
9 0.144 3 0.065 12 0.104 12 0.009 0.25 1.22

9 0.144 3 0.065 12 0.104 16 0.006 0.24 1.17
10 0.128 3 0.052 12 0.104 12 0.009 0.21 1.03

10 0.128 3 0.052 12 0.104 16 0.006 0.20 0.98
Table 32 (b)
Dimensions and weight of standard square mesh
Longitudinal wires Transverse wire Weight

Wire Dia Mesh Area Wire Dia Mesh Area Ibs/ Kg./
SWG inch inch Sq.in/FTW SWG inch inch Sq.in/FTW Sq. ft. Sq.m
7 0.176 2 0.146 7 0.176 2 0.146 0.99 4.83

6 0.192 3 0.116 6 0.192 3 0.116 1.18 5.76
8 0.160 3 0.080 8 0.160 3 0.080 0.55 2.69
10 0.128 3 0.051 10 0.128 3 0.051 0.35 1.71
2 0.276 4 0.180 2 0.276 4 0.180 1.22 5.95
3 0.252 4 0.150 3 0.252 4 0.150 1.02 4.98
4 0.232 4 0.127 4 0.232 4 0.127 0.86 4.20
5 0.212 4 0.106 5 0.212 4 0.106 0.72 3.51
6 0.192 4 0.087 6 0.192 4 0.087 0.59 2.88
7 0.176 4 0.073 7 0.176 4 0.073 0.49 2.39
8 0.160 4 0.060 8 0.160 4 0.060 0.41 2.00
9 0.144 4 0.049 9 0.144 4 0.049 0.33 1.61
10 0.128 4 0.039 10 0.128 4 0.039 0.26 1.27
0 0.324 6 0.165 0 0.324 6 0.165 1.12 5.47
1 0.300 6 0.141 1 0.300 6 0.141 0.96 4.69
2 0.276 6 0.120 2 0.276 6 0.120 0.81 3.96
3 0.252 6 0.100 3 0.252 6 0.100 0.68 3.32
4 0.232 6 0.084 4 0.232 6 0.084 0.57 2.78
5 0.212 6 0.071 5 0.212 6 0.071 0.48 2.34
6 0.192 6 0.058 6 0.192 6 0.058 0.39 1.90
7 0.176 6 0.049 7 0.176 6 0.049 0.33 1.61
8 0.160 6 0.040 8 0.160 6 0.040 0.27 1.32
9 0.144 6 0.033 9 0.144 6 0.033 0.22 1.07
10 0.128 6 0.026 10 0.128 6 0.026 0.17 0.83
1 0.300 8 0.106 1 0.300 8 0.106 0.72 3.51
2 0.276 8 0.090 2 0.276 8 0.090 0.61 2.98
3 0.252 8 0.075 3 0.252 8 0.075 0.51 2.49
4 0.232 8 0.063 4 0.232 8 0.063 0.43 2.10
5 0.212 8 0.053 5 0.212 8 0.053 0.36 1.76
6 0.192 8 0.043 6 0.192 8 0.043 0.29 1.42
7 0.176 8 0.036 7 0.176 8 0.036 0.25 1.22
8 0.160 8 0.030 8 0.160 8 0.030 0.20 0.98
9 0.144 8 0.024 9 0.144 8 0.024 0.17 0.83
10 0.128 8 0.019 10 0.128 8 0.019 0.13 0.64
Table 33
Size and Weight of Expanded ( Xpm ) Metal Sheets
Size of Mesh Dimensions of strands Weight Size of sheet

SWM LWM Width Thickness Kg/Sq.m. Normally stocked
mm mm mm mm m
100 250 6.25 3.15 3.082
100 250 5.00 3.15 2.470
100 250 3.25 3.15 1.599
75 200 6.50 3.15 4.282
75 200 5.00 3.15 3.294 2.50 x 3.75
75 200 3.25 3.15 2.141
40 115 6.50 3.15 8.023
40 115 5.00 3.15 6.172
40 75 5.00 3.15 6.172
40 75 3.25 2.24 2.854
40 115 3.25 3.15 4.007 2.50 x 3.75

40 75 3.25 3.15 4.007 and
40 115 3.25 1.60 2.039 1.25 x 3.75
40 75 3.25 1.60 2.039
25 75 3.25 3.15 6.423 2.50 x 2.75
25 75 3.25 2.24 4.564 2.50 x 2.75

25 75 3.25 1.60 3.262 and
25 75 3.25 1.25 2.548 1.25 x 3.75
20 60 3.25 3.15 8.023 2.50 x 3.75

20 50 3.25 3.15 8.023
20 60 3.25 2.24 5.709

20 50 3.25 2.24 5.709
20 60 3.25 1.60 4.078 2.50 x 3.75
20 50 3.25 1.60 4.078 and
20 60 2.50 1.25 2.447 1.25 x 3.75
20 50 2.50 1.25 2.447
12.5 50 3.25 1.60 6.525

12.5 40 3.25 1.60 6.525
12.5 50 2.50 1.60 5.019
12.5 50 2.50 1.25 3.921 2.50 x 2.75
12.5 40 2.50 1.25 3.921 and
12.5 50 2.50 1.00 3.137 1.25 x 2.75
12.5 40 2.50 1.00 3.137
10 40 3.25 1.60 8.156

10 40 2.50 1.25 4.901 2.50 x 1.75
10 40 2.50 1.00 3.921 and
6 25 3.25 1.60 13.591 1.25 x 1.75
6 25 2.50 1.25 8.164
6 25 2.50 1.00 6.533
5 20 2.50 1.00 7.843 2.50 x 1.25

3 15 1.50 1.00 7.843
Table 34
Weight and Strength of Steel Wires
100 yards
100 yards
Weight in
Weight in
Breaking
Breaking
Tons per
Tons per
Ibs at 25
Ibs at 25
Per cwt
Per cwt
Load in
Load in
Approx
Approx
Length
Length
Ibs per
Ibs per
Gauge
Gauge
Yards
Yards
Sq in
Sq in
7/0 200.11 56 10995 12 8.63 1293 475
6/0 172.33 65 9469 13 6.76 1653 373
5/0 149.37 75 8208 14 5.11 2186 281
4/0 128.07 87 7035 15 4.15 2699 227
3/0 110.80 101 6086 16 3.29 3416 180
2/0 96.63 115 5326 17 2.50 4462 138
0 84.03 133 4616 18 1.83 6073 101
1 72.04 155 3958 19 1.27 8745 70
2 60.97 183 3350 20 1.03 10796 57
3 50.85 220 2792 21 .819 13663 45
4 43.07 260 2366 22 .628 17846 34.4
5 35.97 311 1977 23 .461 24290 25.2
6 29.43 380 1621 24 .387 28908 21.2
7 24.77 452 1362 25 .320 34978 17.6
8 20.45 546 1125 26 .259 43184 14.2
9 16.59 675 911 27 .215 52021 11.8
10 13.12 854 720 28 .175 63877 9.6
11 10.80 1040 592 29 .148 75646 8.1
30 .123 90996 6.8
Table 35
Weight of Galvanised Fencing Strand
3 Ply 4 Ply 5 Ply 7 Ply

Gauge of
Full wire
S.W.G.
S.W.G.
S.W.G.
S.W.G.
S.W.G.
Size of
Size of
Size of
Size of
Single
Single
Single
Single
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Wire
Wire
Wire
Wire
Per
Per
Per
Per
cwt
cwt
cwt
0 8 179 9½ 185 10½ 184 11½ cwt

162
1 8½ 198 10½ 231 11½ 226 12½ 205
2 9½ 246 11 255 12 253 13 232
3 10 280 12 318 13 324 13½ 266
4 11 340 12½ 356 13½ 372 14¼ 323
5 12 423 13¼ 434 14 428 15 379
6 12½ 476 14 537 15 530 16 481
7 13¼ 580 14½ 593 16 670 16½ 560
8 14 717 15½ 743 16½ 788 17¼ 675
9 15 884 16½ 896 17 876 18 853
10 16 1120 17 1095 18 1194 18½ 1011
11 - - - - - - 19 1230
12 - - - - - - 20 1520
The size in most general use are Nos. 4,5 and 6 in 7 ply wire.
Table 36
Weight of Galvanised chain Links ( for Fencing )
Weight in pounds per roll of 25 yards,
Height 3’ – 0” 4’ – 0” 5’ – 0” 6’ – 0”
Mesh Gauge
4” 10 71 - - -
3” 12 59 81 - -
,, 11 - 102 122 -
,, 10 90 122 145 178
2 ½” 12 72 91 - -
,, 11 87 117 147 178
2” 13 - 87 119 129
,, 12 84 106 138 170
,, 11 105 143 178 210
,, 10 129 170 217 257
1 ½” 13 93 126 - 187
,, 12 - 150 - 227
Table 37
Galvanised Fencing Wire
Gauge 8 9 10 11 12
Yds/cwt 546 675 854 1040 1295
Lbs/Yd 0.205 0.166 0.131 0.108 0.085
Table 38
Galvanised Steel Barb Fencing Wire
Description Weight of Length

100 yd 100m Per tonne
Ib Kg. M
12 S.W.G. Line wire
2 Point Ordinary : Barbs round one wire only, 5” apart 19 9.43 10602
6” apart 18.5 9.18 10890
2 Point Thickset : Barbs round one wire only, 2½ ” apart 21 10.42 9594
4 Point Ordinary : Barbs round one wire only, 6” apart 20 9.92 10080
4 Point Thickset : Barbs round one wire only, 3” apart 25 12.40 8064
4 Point Ordinary : Barbs round one wire, 6”apart 20 9.92 10080
4 Point Thickset : Barbs round one wire, 3” apart 25 12.40 8064
14 S.W.G. Line Wire

4 Point Thickset : Barbs round both wire, 3” apart 16 7.94 12600
6” apart 13 6.45 15516
Table 39
Weight of per – stressing wires and strands
Internal diameter of Weight of

Cable size Sheathing Cable
mm Kg/m
12 nos. 5mm wire 30 1.850

12 nos. 7mm wire 39 3.625
12 nos. 8mm wire 42 4.735
13 mm strand - 0.735
Table 40
Minimum Weight of Bitumen – felts
Bitumen felts are available in widths of 90 cm. and 100 cm. Length of the
roll shall be adequate to cover an area specified in the table below, taking
into account the necessary overlaps.
Type of felt Area covered Weight per roll

Sq. m Kg.
Fibre base
Type 1 underlay 40 27.2
Type 2 self – finished felt, Grade 1 20 35.6
Fibre base
Table 41
Quantities of materials required per 100 sq. ft. for different type
of bituminous construction
Method of constn. Aggregate Bitumen

(1) Single coat surface For blindage 5 cft. 40 Ibs
dressing
(2) Two coat surface For blindage of 1st coat 25 Ibs

dressing 1st coat 6 cft. 2nd coat 45 ,,
-do- 2nd coat 3 ½ ,,
(3) 2” Grouting Metal 20 cft. Grout 110 Ibs.

Blindage for grout 6 ,, Sealcoal 30 ,,
Blindage for seal
coat 3½ ,
(4) 3” Grouting Metal 30 cft. Grout 165 Ibs.

Blindage for grout 6 cft. Seal 30 ,,
Blindage for seal 3½ ,,
(5) 3” Shel – macadam Metal 30 cft. Grout 110 Ibs.

Blindage for Sealcoat 30 ,,
Sealcoat 5 ,,
(6) 2” Shelcrete Metal 16 cft. Stone 56 Ibs.

Stand for shelcrete 8 ,, Sand 65 ,,
Stand for sealcoat 2 ,, Sealcoat 16 ,,
Painting
curbs 5 ,,
(7) 2½” Shelcrete Metal 20 cft. Stone 70 Ibs.

Stand for shelcrete 10 ,, Sand 80 ,,
Stand for sealcoat 2 ,, Sealcoat 16 ,,
Painting
curbs 5 ,,
(8) 1” Shelsheet Stone chips 5½ cft.

Sand 5½ ,,
Chips 19.25 lbs.

(9) 1” Premix chipping Stone chips 10 cft. Stand 44 ,,
Carpet Tackcoat 20 ,,
(10) 1½” Premix chipping Stone chips 15 cft. Chips 40 lbs.

carpet Tackcoat 15 ,,
Chips 60 lbs.
Sealcoat 15 ,,
Table 42
Strengths of Wire Ropes
Description Dia Weight Breaking Load

inch lb/ft lbs
Iron Cast steel
Hoisting rope 6 strands 3/8 .22 4800 9600
of 19 wires each about 7/16 .30 580 13000
a hemp core 1/2 .39 7800 16800
9/16 .50 9400 20000
5/8 .62 12000 23000
3/4 .89 17000 33000
7/8 1.20 23600 46000
1 1.58 29000 60000
Stranding rope 6 strands 9/32 .125 2400 5000

of 7 wires each 5/16 .15 3400 7000
3/8 .22 4400 9200
7/16 .30 5200 11000
1/2 .39 7400 15400
9/16 .50 9600 20000
5/8 .62 12000 26000
3/4 .89 17600 37200
7/8 1.20 24000 48000
1 1.58 30000 62000
Working Load to be 1/6th of breaking load.
Table 43
Strength of Manilla Ropes
(Manilla Hemp plain Laid)
Circum- Dia Weight Breaking Circum- Dia Weight Breaking

Ference inch lb/ft Load Ference inch lb/ft Load
inch Lbs inch Lbs
¾ .24 .02 700 3½ 1.16 .42 10500
1 .32 .03 1000 3¾ 1.19 .47 12200
1¼ .40 .05 1800 4 1.27 .54 13700
1½ .48 .08 2500 4½ 1.43 .67 17400
1¾ .56 .10 3000 5 1.59 .83 21800
2 .64 .14 4000 5½ 1.75 1.00 27700
2¼ .72 .17 5000 6 1.90 1.21 31000
2½ .80 .21 5500 7 2.22 1.63 36200
2¾ .87 .26 6600 8 2.54 2.17 47300
3 .95 .31 7800 9 2.87 2.70 60000
3¼ 1.03 .36 9200 10 3.14 3.33 74200
Working Load = c X Breaking load for new ropes. c = .14 for speeds 50 to 100 ft/min :
c = .056 for speeds 150 to 300 ft/min : c = .028 for speeds 400 to 800 ft/min.
Table 44
Strength of Crane Rope
Size of
Wire Dia. of Wt. of 10 ft. Actual breaking load (Tons)
Inches Wire length
(circum- inches lbs
80-90 90-100 100-110 110-120
Ference)
2 5/8 6.3 10.5 11.7 13 14.1

2¼ 11/16 8.1 13.7 15.2 16.8 18.5
2½ 13/16 9.8 16.2 18 20 21.8
2¾ 7/8 11.8 20 22.2 24.6 27
3 15/16 13.9 24 26.8 29.7 32.5
3¼ 1 1/16 16.5 27.3 30.5 31 37
3½ 1 1/8 19 32.3 36 39.9 43.6
3¾ 1 3/16 22 37.1 41.5 46 50.4
4 1 1/4 25 43 48 53 58
4¼ 1 5/16 28 49 54 60 66
4½ 1 3/8 32 53 60 66 72
4¾ 1 1/2 35 60 67 74 81
5 1 9/16 39 67 75 82 90
5¼ 1 5/8 43 74 83 91 100
5½ 1 11/16 47 82 90 99 108
5¾ 1 3/4 51 88 98 107 117
6 1 13/16 55 96 106 116 127
Table 45
Strength and Weight of Chains
Size of Weight Breaking Size of Weight Breaking Size of Weight Breaking

Chain lb/ft Load Chain lb/ft Load Chain lb/ft Load
Inches Lbs. Inches Lbs. Inches Lbs.
1/4 0.75 3864 7/8 8.4 44968 1 1/2 23 138056
3/8 1.5 8374 1 10.5 59136 1 5/8 28 148764
1/2 2.5 15456 1 1/8 13.6 75152 1 3/4 31 164640
5/8 4.1 23828 1 1/4 16.0 92400 1 7/8 35 188729
3/4 6.2 34776 1 3/8 19.2 111496 2 40 215040
For working Load use a factor of safety of 6
Table 46
Hoop Iron-Dimensions and Weight in lbs./ft. rum.
Breadth
5/8 3/4 7/8 1 11/8 1¼ 13/8 1½ 1¾ 2 2¼ 2½
inch
B.W.
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 13 12
Gauge
Weight
.0666 .0875 .1216 .1636 .21 .27 .38 .36 .484 .634 .714 .91
lb/ft
Table 47
Weight in Lbs. of Standard Bolts and Nuts
(Hexagonal Head and Nut)
Tom of screw
Head to bot-
Length from
Bottom of
in inches
Diameter of Bolts in inches
1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

1 .042 .106 .222 .376 .612 …. ….
1 1/8 .044 .110 .229 .387 .628 …. ….
1 1/4 .045 .114 .236 .398 .643 .944 ….
1 3/8 .047 .118 .243 .408 .659 .965 ….
1 1/2 .049 .122 .250 .419 .675 .986 1.394
1 5/8 .050 .126 .257 .430 .690 1.008 1.421
1 3/4 .052 .130 .264 .441 .706 1.029 1.449
1 7/8 .054 .134 .271 .452 .722 1.050 1.477
2 .056 .138 .278 .463 .737 1.072 1.505
2 1/4 .059 .145 .292 .484 .769 1.114 1.561
2 1/2 .063 .153 .305 .506 .800 1.157 1.616
2 3/4 .065 .161 .319 .528 .831 1.199 1.672
3 .069 .169 .333 .549 .862 1.242 1.727
3 1/4 .071 .177 .347 .571 .894 1.284 1.783
3 1/2 .075 .185 .361 .593 .925 1.327 1.838
3 3/4 .079 .192 .375 .615 .956 1.369 1.893
4 .082 .200 .389 .637 .988 1.412 1.950
4 1/4 .085 .208 .403 .658 1.019 1.455 2.005
4 1/2 .089 .216 .417 .680 1.050 1.497 2.061
4 3/4 .092 .224 .431 .702 1.081 1.540 2.116
5 .096 .232 .445 .724 1.113 1.582 2.172
5 1/4 .099 .240 .459 .745 1.144 1.625 2.228
5 1/2 .103 .247 .472 .767 1.175 1.667 2.283
5 3/4 .106 .255 .486 .789 1.207 1.740 2.338
6 .110 .263 .500 .810 1.238 1.753 2.394
Weight in
lbs. of one .0134 .0345 .0757 .1594 .2164 .3203 .4611
Nut
Weight in
lbs. of
shanks per .0139 .0313 .0557 .0869 .1252 .1703 .2225
inch of
length
Table 48
Approximate Count of Round Mild Steel Wire Nails
Type of nail Length Dia of Head Approx. Type of nail Length Dia of Head Approx.
mm Shank Diameter No, of mm Shank Diameter No, of
mm mm Nails mm mm Nails
Per kg. Per kg.
Plain head 250 10.0 20.0 7 50 2.24 3.1 500
Nails 225 8.0 16.0 10 40 2.24 3.1 700
200 8.0 16.0 12 40 1.8 2.5 800
175 6.3 12.6 22 25 1.6 2.2 1000
150 6.3 12.6 30 20 1.4 2.0 1400
150 5.6 11.2 35 12 1.25 1.8 2400
125 5.6 11.2 40
125 5.0 10.0 50 50 3.55 11.0 230
100 5.0 10.0 60 50 3.15 10.4 285
100 4.5 9.0 80 Clout, state 45 3.15 10.4 330
100 4.0 8.0 90 or Felt Nails. 40 3.15 10.4 385
100 3.55 8.0 100 40 2.5 8.2 570
90 4.5 9.0 90 40 2.24 7.4 700
90 4.0 8.0 105 30 2.8 9.2 660
90 3.55 8.0 110 30 2.5 8.2 825
80 4.0 8.0 120 30 2.24 7.4 900
80 3.55 8.0 140 25 2.8 9.2 810
70 3.55 8.0 150 25 2.5 8.2 900
70 3.15 7.1 190 20 2.8 9.2 1030
70 2.80 6.3 290 20 2.5 8.2 1100
70 2.5 5.6 390 15 2.24 7.4 1500
70 2.24 5.6 450 12 2.0 6.6 2400
60 3.55 8.0 180
60 3.15 7.1 230 25 2.8 11.0 480
60 2.8 6.3 350 20 2.8 11.0 580
60 2.5 5.6 440 15 2.8 11.0 650
60 2.24 5.6 540 12 2.8 11.0 740
50 3.15 7.1 280 Extra 80 6.3 15.1 50
50 2.8 6.3 440 Large head 70 6.3 15.1 60
50 2.5 5.6 550 Felt Nails 60 5.6 13.4 80
50 2.24 5.6 600 50 5.6 13.4 95
50 2.0 5.0 650
45 2.5 5.6 600 Roofing 50 2.0 2.8 770
45 2.24 5.6 650 nails (convex 40 1.8 2.5 1360
45 2.0 5.0 800 head , chisel 40 1.6 2.2 1580
40 2.5 5.6 640 point) 30 1.6 2.2 1890
40 2.24 5.6 700 30 1.4 2.0 2440
40 2.0 5.0 840 Panel pins 25 1.6 2.2 2330
35 2.24 5.6 1000 25 1.4 2.0 3080
35 2.0 5.0 1050 20 1.4 2.0 3960
30 2.0 5.0 1170 20 1.25 1.8 5280
30 1.8 4.5 1410 15 1.25 1.8 6380
25 2.0 5.0 1430 15 1.0 1.4 8800
25 1.8 4.5 1720 12 1.25 1.8 7700
25 1.6 4.0 2110 12 1.0 1.4 10780
20 1.6 4.0 2710
20 1.4 3.8 3740 40 2.0 5.6 970
20 1.25 3.4 5060 Lath nails 30 2.0 5.6 1170
15 1.6 4.0 3940 25 2.0 5.6 1430
25 1.8 5.0 1740
Lost head 100 4.5 6.3 80 20 2.0 5.6 1850
Nails 80 3.55 5.0 150 20 1.8 5.0 2240
70 3.15 4.4 200
60 3.15 4.4 240 Wall Nails 40 4.5 9.0 190
50 2.8 3.9 400 30 4.0 8.0 260
Table 49
Cement Consumption Statement
Quantity of cement
Description Unit per unit quantity
of work
1. Cement mortar Kg.
1 : 1 (1 cement : 1 sand) Cu. m. 1020
1:2 ,, 680
1:3 ,, 510
1:4 ,, 380
1:5 ,, 310
1:6 ,, 250
2. Cement lime mortar

1 : 1 : 3 (1 cement : 1 lime putty : 3 sand) ,, 410
1:1:6 ,, 250
1:1:7 ,, 220
1:1:8 ,, 190
1;2:9 ,, 170
1 : 3 : 12 ,, 130
3. Cement Concrete
1 : 1 : 2 (1 cement : sand : 2 graded aggregate) ,, 610
1 :1½:3 ,, 400
1:2:4 ,, 320
1:3:6 ,, 220
1:4:8 ,, 170
1 : 5 : 10 ,, 130
1 : 6 : 12 ,, 110
4. Damp proof course

with cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4
25 mm thick Sq. m. 8
40 mm thick ,, 13
50 mm thick ,, 16
5. Brick work
in cement concrete 1 : 3 (1 cement : 3 sand)
with modular bricks Cu. m. 112
with FPS bricks ,, 128
in cement mortar 1 : 4 with
modular bricks ,, 84
FPS bricks ,, 95
in cement mortar 1 : 5 with
FPS bricks ,, 78
Quantity of cement
of work
Kg.
in cement mortar 1 : 6
modular bricks Cu. m. 55
FPS bricks ,, 62
in cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 6 with
FPS bricks ,, 62
FPS bricks ,, 55
FPS bricks ,, 48
FPS bricks 42
FPS bricks ,, 38
6. Half brick work

In cement mortar 1 : 3 with or without
hoop iron-Mortar bricks Sq. m. 12.75
FPS bricks ,, 14.28
In cement mortar 1 : 4 with or without
Mortar bricks ,, 9.50
FPS bricks ,, 10.64
In cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 6
Mortar bricks ,, 6.25
FPS bricks ,, 7.00
7. Random rubble masonry
in foundation and plinth/super structure

including leveling up with cement concrete
1 : 6 : 12 (20 mm aggregate)at plinth level,
Window sills, ceiling level with
cement mortar 1 : 6 Cu. m. 85
cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 8 ,, 66
8. Coursed rubble masonry
In foundation and plinth/super structure with
cement mortar 1 : 6 ,, 75
cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 8 ,, 57
Quantity of cement
of work
Kg.
9. Ashlar masonry
In plain ashlar punched (ordinary) in
superstructure in c. m. 1 : 6 including
Pointing with c. m. 1 : 2 with an admixture
of pigment matching the stone shade Cu. m. 54
in plain ashlar in arches, domes, punched

(ordinary) in super structure in c. m. 1 : 3
Including pointing with white c. m. 1 : 2
With an admixture of pigment matching ,, 107
The stone shade
10. Cement concrete flooring

flooring in cement concrete 1 : 2 : 4 finished
with a floating coat of near cement including
cement slurry, rounding of nosing of steps
etc., but excluding cost of nosing of steps
etc., complete
25 mm thick with 12.5 mm stone aggregate Sq. m. 12.2

40 mm thick with 20 mm ,, ,, 17.0
50 mm ,, ,, ,, 20.2
75 mm ,, ,, ,, 28.2
11. Cement plaster

12 mm 1 : 3 (1 cement : 3 sand) ,, 7.34
12 mm 1 : 4 ,, 5.47
12 mm 1 : 5 ,, 4.46
12 mm 1 : 6 ,, 3.60
15 mm 1 : 3 ,, 8.77
15 mm 1 : 4 ,, 6.54
15 mm 1 : 5 ,, 5.33
15 mm 1 : 6 ,, 4.30
20 mm 1 : 3 ,, 11.42
20 mm 1 : 4 ,, 8.51
20 mm 1 : 5 ,, 6.94
20 mm 1 : 6 ,, 5.60
12. Cement plaster with a floating coat of neat cement

12 mm 1 : 3 Sq. m. 9.54
12 mm 1 : 4 ,, 7.67
15 mm 1 : 3 ,, 10.97
15 mm 1 : 4 ,, 8.74
20 mm 1 : 3 ,, 13.62
20 mm 1 : 4 ,, 10.71
Quantity of cement
of work
Kg.
13. Cement plaster in two coats
18 mm thick cement plaster in two coats,
under layer of 12 mm thick cement plaster
1:5 finished with a top layer 6 mm thick
cement plaster 1 : 6 Sq. m 6.26
18 mm thick cement plaster in two coats,
under layer of 12 mm thick cement plaster
1:5 and top layer 6 mm thick with
cement plaster 1 : 3 ,,
12 mm cement plaster 1 : 2 (1 cement:2 stonedust) ,, 8.13
15 mm cement plaster 1 : 2 ,, ,, 9.79
20 mm cement plaster 1 : 2 ,, ,, 11.70
15.23
14. 6 mm cement plaster
to ceiling with 1 : 3 (1 cement : 3 sand) ,, 3.67
to ceiling with 1 : 4 ,, 2.74
6 mm cement plaster 1 : 3 finished ,,
with a floating coat of neat cement ,, 5.87
15. Cement lime plaster

12 mm 1 : 1 : 6 (1 Cement : 1 limeputty : 6 sand) ,, 3.60
12 mm 1 : 1 : 7 ,, 3.17
12 mm 1 : 1 : 8 ,, 2.74
12 mm 1 : 1 : 9 ,, 2.45
15 mm 1 : 1 : 6 ,, 4.30
15 mm 1 : 1 : 7 ,, 3.78
15 mm 1 : 1 : 8 ,, 3.27
15 mm 1 : 1 : 8 ,, 2.92
18 mm thick two coats, under layer of 12 mm
Cement plaster 1 : 5 finished with 6 mm cement
lime plaster
1:1:6 ,, 6.26
1:1:7 ,, 6.04
1:1:8 ,, 5.83
16. Rough cast plaster :

Rough cast plaster with a mixture of sand and
gravel or crushed stone from 2.36 mm to 12.5
mm nominal size dashed over and including
the fresh plaster in two layers, top layer of 10
mm. cement plaster 1 :3 mixed with 10%
Finely ground hydrated lime by volume of
Cement and under layer of 12mm cement plaster
1 : 4 with ordinary cement finish or
Cement and pigment finish ,, 11.59
1 : 5 with ordinary cement finish or
Cement and pigment finish Sq. m 10.58
Quantity of cement
of work
Kg.
17. Pebble dash plaster
pebble dash plaster with a mixture of washed
pebble or crushed stone 6 mm to 12.5 mm
nominal size dash over and including fresh
plaster in two layer, top layer 10mm
cement plaster 1 : 3 mix with 10% finely
ground hydrated lime and under layer
12 mm cement plaster ,, 11.59
1:4 ,, 10.58
1:5 ,, 9.72
1:6
18. pointing on Brickwork

Flush or ruled or cut or weathered pointing on
brickwork with cement mortar 1 : 3 ,, 1.53
Raised and cut pointing on brickwork
with cement mortar 1 : 3 ,, 2.35
brickwork with cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 3 ,, 1.23
Flush or ruled pointing on brick flooring with
cement mortar 1 : 2 ,, 1.36
19. pointing on tile Brickwork
tile brickwork with cement mortar 1 : 3 ,, 2.35
tile brickwork with cement lime mortar 1 : 1 : 3 ,, 1.89
on tile brickwork with a mixture of white
cement lime marble dust and stone dust in
Proportion ¼ : 1 : 1 : 1 ( ¼ white cement : 0.74
1 marble dust : 1 stone dust : 1 lime putty ) ,, (white cement)
20. pointing on Stone work

Flush or ruled pointing on stone work with
Raised and cut pointing on stone work with
,,
Quantity of cement
of work
Kg.
Raised and cut pointing on stone work with 1.94
white cement mortar 1 : 3 Sq. m (white cement)
Raised and cut pointing on stone work with 0.61

white cement lime mortar ¼ : 1 : 1 : 1 ,, (white cement)
0.24
Flush or ruled pointing on white stone slab
Pavement with white cement lime
mortar ¼ : 1 : 1 : 1 ,, (white cement)
Flush or ruled pointing on stone slabs ,, 1.02

Ceiling with cement mortar 1 : 2
Note : cement consumption for pointing is same for FPS and modular bricks.
( The above table is based on the cement consumption statement given in the
‘Schedule of Rates’ book by CPWD – Delhi )
Table 49 ( a )
Watet Assessment for Building Works
Brickwork, Masonry, Concrete 2250 liters/cu. m
Plastering works 85 litres/sq. m
Pointing works 60 ,,
White washing per coat 3 ,,
Road work, metalling or gravelling (6’’ thick) 130 ,,
( Water required for curing is included in the above table )

Table 49 ( b )
CONCRETE MIXES – REQUIREMENT OF MATERIALS PER CU M OF CONCRETE
Grade Cement in 10 mm max. size 20 mm max. size 40 mm max. size Work Slump
bags of 50 kg. ability
Water Sand Coarse Water Sand Coarse Water Sand Coarse

Agg. Agg. Agg.
litres Cu m Cu m litres Cu m Cu m litres Cu m Cu m mm
M20 7.80 211 0.51 0.51 187.5 0.46 0.66 164 0.38 0.79 Stiff
0 Plastic 30-80
M15 6.20 - - - 0.50 0.66 161.50 0.43 0.79 -do- 30-80
M10 4.40 - - - 186 0.41 0.82 145.50 0.38 0.90 Very -
167.5 Stiff
0
M7.5 3.40 - - - - - 146.50 0.41 0.90 -do- -
M5 2.70 - - - - - 146 0.43 0.90 -do- -
-
Note
Correction for bulking of sand and moisture content not done
The quantities of cement indicated above are approximate requirement subject to variations as per exigencies at site and quality
and grading of fine and coarse aggregates (necessity : - Exigency )
Table 49 ( c )
CONCRETE MIXES – REQUIREMENT OF MATERIALS IN KG’s PER BAG OF CEMENT (50 KG)
Grade Cement in 10 mm max. size 20 mm max. size 40 mm max. size Work Slump
bags of 50 kg. ability
Water Sand Coarse Water Sand Coarse Water Sand Coarse

Agg. Agg. Agg.
litres Cu m Cu m litres Cu m Cu m litres Cu m Cu m mm
M20 50 27 113 104 24 94 135 21 78 161 Stiff

Plastic 30-80
M15 50 - - - 30 129 169 26 110 203 -do- 30-80
M10 50 - - - 38 150 298 33 139 327 Very -
Stiff
50 - - - - - - 43 193 424 -do- -
M7.5 50 - - - - - - 54 254 533 -do- -
M5
Assumptions
Fineness modules of sand = 2.70; Sp. Gravity of cement = 3.05, C-A = 2.64 and sand = 2.69
Bulk density of C.A.& sand = 1600 kg/cu m
Note : Correction for moisture content not done.
Table 50
Reduction in strength of cement due to storage
This table shows the approximate reduction in the 28 – day strength of

Concrete due to storage of cement
After storage of 3 months : 20% minimum

After storage of 6 months : 30% minimum
After storage of 1 year : 40% minimum
After storage of 2 years : 50% minimum
Table 51
Available sizes of plywood boards for form work
IS: 4990-1969
Cm x Cm Cm x Cm
240 x 120 or 8’ x 4’ 150 x 120 or 5’ x 4’
240 x 90 ,, 8’ x 3’ 150 x 90 ,, 5’ x 3’
210 x 120 ,, 7’ x 4’ 120 x 120 ,, 4’ x 4’
210 x 90 ,, 7’ x 3’ 120 x 90 ,, 4’ x 3’
180 x 120 ,, 6’ x 4’ 120 x 60 ,, 4’ x 2’
180 x 90 ,, 8’ x 3’ 90 x 90 ,, 3’ x 3’
Table 52
Size of Timber for Formwork
Part of Formwork Timber thickness or Size

Sheeting 25 to 50 mm
Beam and column sides 25 to 50 mm
Beam bottoms 50 mm
Joists 50x100 mm to 75x200 mm
Ledgers 50x100 mm to 75x200 mm
Posts 75x100 mm to 150x150 mm
Column Yokes 50x100 mm to 100x100 mm
Struts and walings 50x100 mm to 150x150 mm
Table 53 ( a )
Timber and Plywood requirement for footing (fig. 1 )
Timber quantity in inch thick/sq. ft.-*figures in cm. thick/sq. m Plywood quantity in sq.ft./sq. ft.-*figures in sq. m/sq. m
400 450 mm 500 mm 550 mm 600 mm

mm
Ply- Backing Support Ply- Backing Support Ply- Backing Support Ply- Backing Support Ply-
wood Timber Timber wood Timber Timber wood Timber Timber wood Timber Timber wood
1.12 0.093 0.094 1.11 - - - - - - - - -

1.12 2.54 2.57 1.11 - - - - - - - - -
1.12 0.099 0.096 1.10 0.095 0.096 1.34 - - - - - -
1.12 2.71 2.62 1.10 2.60 2.62 1.34 - - - - - -
1.06 0.106 0.104 1.05 0.137 0.105 1.27 0.133 0.153 1.15 0.121 0.140 1.06
1.06 2.90 2.84 1.05 3.74 2.87 1.27 3.63 4.18 1.15 3.31 3.83 1.06
1.06 0.100 0.094 1.05 0.129 0.095 1.27 0.124 0.136 1.16 0.136 0.126 1.06
1.06 2.73 2.57 1.05 3.53 2.60 1.27 3.39 3.72 1.16 3.72 3.44 1.06
1.15 0.101 0.106 1.13 - - - - - - - - -
1.15 2.76 2.90 1.13 - - - - - - - - -
1.10 0.107 0.109 1.08 0.124 0.121 1.32 - - - - - -
1.10 2.92 2.98 1.08 3.39 3.31 1.32 - - - - - -
1.08 0.107 0.105 1.07 0.139 0.106 1.30 0.134 0.145 1.18 0.123 0.132 1.08
1.08 2.92 2.87 1.07 3.80 2.90 1.30 3.66 3.96 1.18 3.36 3.61 1.08
1.07 0.103 0.099 1.06 0.134 0.091 1.29 0.129 0.136 1.17 0.118 0.124 1.07
1.07 2.82 2.71 1.06 3.66 2.49 1.29 3.53 3.72 1.17 3.22 3.39 1.07
* Figures are in metric units

Depth 300 mm 350 mm
Of
footing
Size of Backing Support Ply- Backing Support Ply- Backing Support

footing Timber Timber wood Timber Timber wood Timber Timber
2 x 2m 0.126 0.122 1.10 0.116 0.114 1.20 0.107 0.107

* 3.44 3.33 1.10 3.17 3.12 1.20 2.92 2.92
2.5 x 2.5 m 0.132 0.125 1.10 0.122 0.117 1.20 0.113 0.109
* 3.60 3.42 1.10 3.33 3.20 1.20 3.09 2.98
3.0 x 3.0m 0.137 0.122 1.10 0.129 0.127 1.21 0.121 0.119
* 3.74 3.33 1.05 3.53 3.47 1.21 3.31 3.25
3.5 x 3.5m 0.132 0.122 1.05 0.123 0.115 1.21 0.114 0.108
* 3.61 3.33 1.05 3.36 3.14 1.21 3.12 2.95
1.5 x 2m 0.136 0.137 1.13 0.125 0.129 1.23 0.116 0.121
* 3.72 3.74 1.13 3.42 3.53 1.23 3.17 3.31
2.0 x 2.5m 0.140 0.141 1.08 0.130 0.133 1.18 0.122 0.125
* 3.83 3.85 1.08 3.55 3.63 1.18 3.33 3.42
2.5 x 3.5 m 0.140 0.136 1.07 0.131 0.128 1.16 0.123 0.120
* 3.83 3.72 1.07 3.58 3.50 1.16 3.36 3.28
3.0 x 3.5 m 0.135 0.129 1.06 0.126 0.121 1.15 0.118 0.113
* 3.69 3.53 1.06 3.44 3.31 1.15 3.22 3.09
Table 53 (b)
Timber and plywood requirement for columns ( fig, 2)
(units are per foot length (or) meter length of column
Sl. No. Size of column Backing Timber Plywood Remarks
inches mm Cu. ft/ft Cu. m/m Sq. ft/ft Sq. m/m
1 9x9 230x230 0.627 0.0583 3.575 1.090 3x2 inches
¾’’ plywood
2 12x12 300x300 0.669 0.0622 4.675 1.425 ,,
3 15x15 375x375 0.711 0.0661 5.775 1.760 ,,
4 16x16 400x400 0.724 0.0673 6.127 1.868 ,,
5 9x12 230x300 0.648 0.0602 4.125 1.257 ,,
6 9x15 230x375 0.669 0.0622 4.675 1.425 ,,
7 12x15 300x375 0.690 0.0641 5.225 1.593 ,,
8 18x18 450x450 0.881 0.0818 6.875 2.096 4x2 inches
¾’’ plywood
9 20x20 500x500 0.919 0.0854 7.623 2.324 ,,
10 22x22 550x550 0.956 0.0888 8.371 2.552 ,,
11 24x24 600x600 0.992 0.0922 9.075 2.766 ,,
12 30x30 750x750 1.103 0.1025 11.275 3.437 ,,
13 12x18 300x450 0.825 0.0776 5.775 1.760 ,,
14 12x20 300x500 0.844 0.0784 6.149 1.874 ,,
15 12x24 300x600 0.881 0.0818 6.875 2.096 ,,
16 15x18 375x450 0.853 0.0792 6.325 1.928 ,,
17 15x20 375x500 0.872 0.0810 6.699 2.042 ,,
18 15x24 375x600 0.909 0.0844 7.425 2.263 ,,
19 18x24 450x600 0.936 0.0870 7.975 2.431 ,,
20 18x30 450x750 0.992 0.0922 9.075 2.766 ,,
21 20x24 500x600 0.955 0.0887 8.349 2.545 ,,
22 20x30 500x750 1.011 0.0939 9.449 2.880 ,,
The above quantities are calculated using the following equations.
3’’ x 2’’ = a’ + b’ + 1.625 + 0.367 cu. ft/ft.

Timber quantity for 12
4’’ x 2’’ = a’ + b’ + 1.625 + 0.367 cu. ft/ft.
9
Plywood quantity for all = ( a’ + b’ + 0.126 ) x 2.2 sq.ft./ft.
a’,b’-lateral dimensions of the column in foot units.
Note : Wastage included in the above table.

Table 53 (c)
Timber and plywood requirement for beam ( fig. 3 0)
Units are for foot (or) meter run of beam
Sl. No. Beam rib size Bottom Sides
Timber Plywood Timber plywood
inches mm Cu. ft/ft Cu. m/m Sq. ft/ft Sq. m/m Cu. ft/ft Cu. m/m Sq. ft/ft Sq. m/m
1 9x12 230x300 0.736 0.0684 0.825 0.251 0.421 0.0391 2.75 0.838
2 9x15 230x375 0.736 0.0684 0.825 0.251 0.444 0.0412 3.30 1.006
3 9x16 230x400 0.736 0.0684 0.825 0.251 0.452 0.0420 3.48 1.061
4 9x18 230x450 0.736 0.0684 0.825 0.251 0.467 0.0434 3.85 1.174
5 12x12 300x300 0.785 0.0729 1.100 0.335 0.428 0.0398 2.75 0.838
6 12x15 300x375 0.785 0.0729 1.100 0.335 0.451 0.0419 3.30 1.006
7 12x16 300x400 0.785 0.0729 1.100 0.335 0.458 0.0425 3.48 1.061
8 12x18 300x450 0.785 0.0729 1.100 0.355 0.474 0.0440 3.85 1.174
9 15x15 375x375 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.457 0.0425 3.30 1.006
10 15x16 375x400 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.465 0.0432 3.48 1.061
11 15x18 375x450 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.480 0.0446 3.85 1.174
12 15x20 375x500 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.615 0.0571 4.22 1.286
13 15x24 375x600 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.656 0.0609 4.95 1.509
14 15x27 375x675 0.833 0.0774 1.375 0.419 0.686 0.0637 5.50 1.677
15 16x16 400x400 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.467 0.0434 3.48 1.061
16 16x18 400x450 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.482 0.0448 3.85 1.174
17 16x20 400x500 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.618 0.0574 4.22 1.286
18 16x24 400x600 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.658 0.0611 4.95 1.509
19 16x27 400x675 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.688 0.0639 5.50 1.677
20 16x30 400x750 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.719 0.0668 6.05 1.844
21 16x33 400x825 0.849 0.0789 1.463 0.446 0.750 0.0697 6.60 2.012
22 18x18 450x450 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.487 0.0452 3.85 1.174
23 18x20 450x500 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.622 0.0578 4.22 1.286
24 18x24 450x600 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.622 0.0615 4.95 1.509
25 18x27 450x675 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.693 0.0644 5.50 1.677
26 18x30 450x750 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.723 0.0672 6.05 1.844
27 18x33 450x825 0.882 0.0819 1.650 0.503 0.754 0.0700 6.60 2.012
28 20x27 500x675 0.915 0.0850 2.024 0.617 0.697 0.0647 5.50 1.677
29 20x30 500x750 0.915 0.0850 2.024 0.617 0.728 0.0676 6.05 1.844
30 20x33 500x825 0.915 0.0850 2.024 0.617 0.758 0.0704 6.60 2.012
Table 53 (b)
Timber and plywood requirement for slabs ( fig. 4 )
Sl. Timber for Timber for ¾’’ plywood

NO. Bottom suppor Plywood panel
Cu. ft/sq. ft Cu. m/sq. m Cu. ft/sq. ft Cu. m/sq. m Sq. ft/sq. ft Sq. m/sq. m
1 For plywood 0.065 0.020 0.091 0.028 1.10 1.10
Panels
2 For steel 0.095 0.029 - - - -

sheets
Table 54
Weight of plywood boards in kg/m2 for various thicknesses
Thickness Weight
mm Kg/m2
6 3.90
9 5.90
13 8.50
19 12.40
25 16.30
Note : When in wet condition the weight may increase up to 30% or above
Table 55
Covering capacity of snowcem
This varies according to the porosity and textures of the surface also
Whether applied by brush or spray. When mixed to normal consistency, the
approximate covering capacity of super snowcem for two coat brush work
applied on different surfaces is as follows:
Sq. ft./lb. Sq. m/kg

Suitable brickworks 8 – 14 1.65 – 2.9
In-situ concrete 14 – 18 2.9 – 3.7
Cement/sand renderings 10 – 14 2.0 – 2.9
Cement/Lime/sand renderings
Wall and fibre boards 12 – 20 2.5 – 4.1
Roughcast and Pebbledash 5- 8 1.0 – 1.6
Concrete blocks 8 – 14 1.6 – 2.7
Table 56
Weight of floor gratings
For explanatory figures see page 65 ( fig. 5 )
Bearing bar
Weight in kg/ sq. m
Size
mm R-4 RR-4 R-3 RR-3 ZZ-4 ZZ-3
25 x 3 20.65 23.50 26.40 29.30 27.80 37.10
25 x 5 32.21 35.20 41.50 44.40 39.50 52.20
30 x 3 24.89 27.82 29.77 34.20 31.70 41.00
30 x 5 38.10 41.00 49.77 52.70 46.85 59.10
35 x 3 28.25 29.30 33.67 37.10 33.70 44.90
35 x 5 43.92 47.34 57.10 60.00 51.24 68.33
40 x 3 32.70 39.00 42.00 48.80 44.90 50.00
40 x 5 51.24 54.12 62.90 67.80 61.00 81.50
45 x 5 56.10 61.00 73.20 82.50 68.30 92.20
50 x 5 62.50 67.40 80.52 85.40 74.20 98.50
Table 57
Maximum safe bearing capacity of soils
Sl. No. Types of Rocks and soils Maximum

SBC
Tonnes/sq. m
ROCKS
1. Hard rock without lamination and defects e.g. granite, trap and diorite 330
2. Laminated rocks in sound condition e.g. sand stone and lime stone 165
3. Residual deposits of shattered and broken bed rock and hard
shale, cemented material. 90
4. Soft rock 45
NON – COHESIVE SOILS
5. Gravel, sand and gravel, compact and offering high resistance to
Penetration when excavated by tools. 45
6. Coarse sand compact and dry 45
7. Medium sand, compact and dry 25
8. Fine sand, silt ( dry lumps easily pulverized by the fingers ) 15
9. Loose gravel or sand gravel mixture; loose coarse to medium sand, dry 25
10. Fine sand, loose and dry 10
11. Kankar 32
12. sand with clay 20
COHESIVE SOILS
13. Soft shale, hard or stiff clay in deep bed, dry. 45
14. Medium clay, readily indented with a thumb nail 25
15. Moist clay and sand clay mixture which can be indented with
Strong thumb pressure. 15
16. Soft clay indented with moderate thumb pressure. 10
17. Very soft clay which can be penetrated several inches with the 5
thumb
18. Black cotton soil or other shrinkable soil or expansive clay in dry 10
Condition (50% saturation)
19. Red earth 30
20. Alluvial soil 3 to 9
21. Alluvial loam 9 to 17
22. Peat 5 to nil
23. Fills or made up ground ( consolidated ) 5
Table 58
Permissible loads on masonry
Sl. No. Type of construction Permissible

load in
tonnes/sq. m
1. Brick work in cement mortar 1:3 100
2. do 1:4 90
3. do 1:6 55
4. Brick work in lime mortar 45
5. Brick work in mud mortar 27
6. Brick work in lime mortar with country burnt bricks 35
7. Brick work in mud mortar with country burnt bricks 16
8. Stone masonry, ashlar in cement mortar 1:3 175
9. do do 1:6 90
10. do in lime mortar 80
11. Coursed rubble masonry in cement mortar 1:4 110
12. do do 1:6 55
14. Random rubble masonry in cement mortar 1:4 90
15. do do 1:6 45
17. Black masonry in 1 : 3 cement mortar, average crushing
strength of block not less then :
35 kg/sq. cm. 27
70 kg/sq. cm. 65
140 kg/sq. cm. 105
18. Solid cement concrete black masonry in cement mortar 1:3 165
Table 59
A.S.A. Pipe Schedules
Wall thickness in mm ; weight in kg/m
Nominal O.D. Standard Extra Double Schedule Schedule Schedule

pipe mm Strong Extra Strong 10 20 30
size
inches Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt
¼ 21.34 2.77 1.26 3.73 1.62 7.47 2.54

½ 26.67 2.87 1.68 3.91 2.19 7.82 3.63
1 33.40 3.38 2.50 4.55 3.23 9.09 5.45
1¼ 42.16 3.56 3.38 4.85 4.46 9.70 7.75
1½ 48.26 3.68 4.05 5.08 5.40 10.2 9.54
2 60.32 3.91 5.43 5.54 7.47 11.1 13.44
2½ 73.02 5.16 8.62 7.01 11.40 14.0 20.39
3 88.9 5.49 11.28 7.62 15.25 15.2 27.65
3½ 101.6 5.74 13.06 8.08 18.62 16.15 34.00
4 114.3 6.02 16.06 8.56 22.29 17.1 40.99
5 141.3 6.55 21.76 9.52 30.92 19.0 57.37
6 168.3 7.11 28.23 11.0 42.53 21.9 79.11
8 219.1 8.18 42.49 12.7 64.57 22.2 107.78 6.35 33.28 7.04 36.76
10 273.0 9.27 60.24 12.7 81.46 6.35 41.73 7.80 50.96
12 323.8 9.52 73.76 12.7 97.36 6.35 49.68 8.38 65.14
14 355.6 9.52 81.21 12.7 107.28 6.35 54.63 7.92 67.98 9.52 81.21
16 406.4 9.52 93.12 12.7 123.18 6.35 62.58 7.92 77.92 9.52 93.13
18 457.2 9.52 105.05 12.7 139.07 6.35 70.53 7.92 87.85 11.1 122.12
20 508.0 9.52 116.27 12.7 154.97 6.35 78.47 9.52 116.97 12.7 154.97
24 609.9 9.52 140.81 12.7 186.75 6.35 94.37 9.52 140.81 14.3 209.54
Table 59 contd.
Wall thickness in mm ; weight in kg/m
Nominal Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule

pipe 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
size
inches
Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt Wall Wt
¼ 2.77 1.26 3.73 1.62 4.75 1.95

½ 2.87 1.68 3.91 2.19 5.54 2.89
1 3.38 2.50 4.55 3.23 6.35 4.23
1¼ 3.56 3.38 4.85 4.46 6.35 5.60
1½ 3.68 4.05 5.08 5.40 7.14 7.23
2 3.91 5.43 5.54 7.47 8.71 11.10
2½ 5.16 8.62 7.01 11.40 9.52 14.90
3 5.49 11.28 7.62 15.25 11.1 21.30
3½ 5.74 13.06 8.08 18.62 - -
4 6.02 16.06 8.56 22.29 11.1 28.25 13.5 33.51
5 6.55 21.76 9.52 30.92 12.7 40.24 15.9 49.04
6 7.11 28.23 11.00 42.53 14.3 54.20 18.2 67.47
8 8.18 42.49 10.3 53.07 12.70 64.57 15.1 75.79 18.2 90.67 20.6 100.86 23.0 111.18
10 9.27 60.24 12.7 81.46 15.1 95.84 18.2 114.59 21.4 132.85 25.4 154.97 28.6 172.11
12 10.3 79.71 14.3 108.97 17.4 131.81 21.4 159.67 25.4 186.75 28.6 207.87 33.3 238.60
14 11.1 94.31 15.1 126.51 19.0 157.94 23.8 194.64 27.8 224.36 31.8 253.32 35.7 281.49
16 12.7 123.18 16.7 160.04 21.4 203.26 26.2 245.34 30.9 286.33 36.5 332.72 40.5 364.94
18 14.3 155.90 19.0 205.62 23.8 254.24 29.4 309.55 34.9 363.33 39.7 408.21 45.2 459.18
20 15.1 183.14 20.6 247.78 26.2 310.91 32.5 381.20 38.1 441.06 44.4 507.63 50.0 564.24
24 17.4 254.74 24.6 354.62 30.9 441.30 38.9 546.84 46.0 639.18 52.4 719.16 59.5 806.74
Table 60
Spacing of Pipe Supports
Sl. No. Nominal Out side Dia. of pipe Nominal spacing Maximum spacing
Bore inches
inches Feet mm Feet mm
1 1 1/4 1 11/16 and below 10 3048 12 3658
2 1 1/2 1 29/32 12 3658 17 5182

2 2 3/8
3 2 1/2 3 14 4267 20 6096

3 3 1/2
4 3 1/2 4 16 4877 22 6706

4 4 1/2
5 5 5 1/2 18 5486 25 7620

6 6 5/8
6 7 7 5/8 20 6096 30 9144

8 8 5/8
9 9 5/8
7 10 10 3/4 25 7620 35 10688

12 12 3/4
8 14 14 30 9144 40 12192
16 16
Table 61
Details of Mitered Bends
PL ( mm ) R
Identi-
Pipe Flat or Tongue & cal for Pipe
size Raised Ring joint Male All TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III size
Face Groove Types
& Female mm
inches inches
150 300 150 300 150 300
lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. A B C D A B C D A B C D
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
6’’ 318 327 324 335 324 333 229 130 95 60 134 84 62 39 167 62 46 29 183 6
8’’ 406 416 413 424 413 422 305 172 127 81 178 111 81 52 224 83 61 39 244 8
10’’ 483 499 489 506 489 504 381 214 157 101 224 138 102 65 279 103 76 49 305 10
12’’ 572 587 578 595 578 594 457 258 190 123 267 166 122 79 335 124 91 59 366 12
14’’ 660 676 667 684 667 683 533 295 221 148 312 191 143 95 390 142 106 71 427 14
16’’ 737 756 743 764 743 762 610 337 252 168 358 218 164 109 446 162 121 81 489 16
18’’ 826 845 832 853 832 851 686 379 284 189 402 245 184 122 502 182 137 91 549 18
20’’ 907 924 913 934 913 930 762 422 316 211 446 273 205 137 557 202 152 102 610 20
22’’ 987 1003 994 1014 994 1010 838 464 348 232 490 300 225 150 613 223 167 111 671 22
24’’ 1067 1083 1073 1068 1073 1089 914 505 379 252 535 327 245 164 669 243 182 121 732 24
26’’ 991 548 410 273 581 354 265 176 726 262 197 132 794 26
28’’ 1067 589 447 295 620 381 286 191 781 282 212 141 855 28
30’’ 1143 632 474 316 669 409 307 205 836 303 227 152 916 30
32’’ 1219 673 505 337 714 435 327 218 892 324 243 162 976 32
34’’ 1295 716 537 357 758 464 348 232 947 343 257 172 1038 34
36’’ 1372 757 568 379 804 491 368 245 1004 364 273 183 1099 36
Table 62
Safe working load of D-shackles ( Ref. fig. 6 in page 72 )
SMALL DEE SHACKLES LARGE DEE SHACKLES
W d D w s e W d D w s e
W = safe d= D= w= s= e= W = safe d= D= w= s= e=
Working 0.52 0.60 0.80 1.87 1.20 Working 0.57 0.64 1.10 2.10 1.28
load √W √W √W √W √W load √W √W √W √W √W
tons cwt. in. in. in. in. in. tons cwt. in. in. in. in. in.
8 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 1
1/2 5/8 1 1/8 2 1/8 1 1/4
10 3/8 1/2 5/8 1 3/8 1 1 2 5/8 3/4 1 1/4 2 1/2 1 1/2
17 1/2 5/8 7/8 1 7/8 1 1/4
1 8 5/8 3/4 1 2 1/4 1 1/2 1 12 3/4 7/8 1 1/2 2 7/8 1 3/4
2 5 7/8 1 1 3/4 3 1/4 2
2 0 3/4 7/8 1 1/4 2 3/4 1 3/4 3 0 1 1 1/8 2 3 3/4 2 1/4
2 15 7/8 1 1 3/8 3 1/4 2
3 10 1 1 1/8 1 1/2 3 5/8 2 1/4 3 15 1 1/8 1 1/4 2 1/8 4 1/8 2 1/2
4 10 1 1/4 1 3/8 2 3/8 4 1/2 2 3/4
4 5 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/4 4 1/8 2 1/2 5 10 1 3/8 1 1/2 2 5/8 5 3
5 5 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 7/8 4 1/2 2 3/4
7 0 1 3/8 1 5/8 2 1/8 5 3 1/4 6 10 1 1/2 1 5/8 2 3/4 5 3/8 3 1/4
7 10 1 5/8 1 3/4 3 5 3/4 3 1/2
8 10 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 3/8 5 1/2 3 1/2 8 0 1 3/4 1 7/8 3 1/4 6 1/8 3 3/4
10 0 1 5/8 1 7/8 2 1/2 5 7/8 3 3/4
11 0 1 3/4 2 2 3/4 6 3/8 4 11 0 1 7/8 2 1/8 3 5/8 7 4 1/4
12 5 2 2 1/4 3 7/8 7 3/8 4 1/2
12 10 1 7/8 2 1/8 2 7/8 6 3/4 4 1/4 13 10 2 1/8 2 3/8 4 1/8 7 3/4 4 3/4
14 0 2 2 1/4 3 7 1/4 4 1/2
15 10 2 1/8 2 3/8 3 1/4 7 3/4 4 3/4 15 0 2 1/4 2 1/2 4 1/4 8 1/4 5
16 10 2 3/8 2 5/8 4 1/2 8 3/4 5 1/4
17 0 2 1/4 2 1/2 3 1/2 8 1/8 5 20 0 2 5/8 2 7/8 5 9 1/2 5 3/4
20 0 2 3/8 2 3/4 3 5/8 8 5/8 5 1/2
25 0 2 5/8 3 4 9 1/2 6 25 0 2 7/8 3 1/4 5 1/2 10 3/4 6 1/2
30 0 3 1/8 3 1/2 5 7/8 11 1/2 7
30 0 2 7/8 3 1/4 4 3/8 10 3/8 6 1/2 35 0 3 3/8 3 3/4 6 1/4 12 1/2 7 1/2
35 0 3 1/8 3 5/8 4 7/8 11 1/4 7 1/4
40 0 3 3/8 3 7/8 5 1/4 12 1/4 7 3/4 40 0 3 5/8 4 1/8 7 13 1/2 8 1/4
50 0 4 4 1/2 7 1/2 14 3/4 9
50 0 3 5/8 4 1/4 5 1/2 13 1/8 8 1/2 60 0 4 1/2 5 8 5/8 16 1/2 10
60 0 4 4 5/8 6 1/8 14 1/2 9 1/4
80 0 4 5/8 5 1/4 6 7/8 16 3/4 10 1/2 80 0 5 1/8 5 3/4 9 7/8 18 3/4 11 1/2
Table 66
Busbers : constructional details and current carrying capacity at 35C Ambient temperature
(Copper) : and 35C temperature rise.
Size Cross Approx Continuous current carrying capacity in amperes.

mm sectional Weight
A.C.No. of Buses D. C. No. of Buses
area
 2 3 4  2 3 4
sq. mm Kg. /m l ll lll ll50ll l ll lll llll
12x 2 23.5 0.209 110 200 - - 115 205 - -

15x 2 29.5 0.262 140 200 - - 145 245 - -
15x 3 44.5 0.396 170 300 - - 175 305 - -
20x 2 39.5 0.351 185 315 - - 190 325 - -
20x 3 59.5 0.529 220 380 - - 225 390 - -
20x 5 99.1 0.882 295 500 - - 300 510 - -
25x 3 74.5 0.663 270 460 - - 275 470 - -
25x 5 124.0 1.11 350 600 - - 355 610 - -
30x 3 89.5 0.796 315 540 - - 320 560 - -
30x 5 149.0 1.33 400 700 - - 410 720 - -
40x 3 119.0 1.06 420 710 - - 430 740 - -
40x 5 199.0 1.77 520 900 - - 530 930 - -
40x10 399.0 3.55 760 1350 1850 2500 770 1400 2000 -
50x 5 249.0 2.22 630 1100 1650 2100 650 1150 1750 -
50x10 499.0 4.44 920 1600 2250 3000 960 1700 2500 -
60x 5 299.0 2.66 760 1250 1760 2400 780 1300 1900 2500
60x10 599.0 5.33 1060 1900 2600 3500 1100 2000 2800 3600
80x 5 399.0 3.55 970 1700 2300 3000 1000 1800 2500 3200
80x 10 799.0 7.11 1380 2300 3100 4200 1450 2600 3700 4800
100x 5 499.0 4.44 1200 2050 2850 3500 1250 2250 3150 4050
100x10 999.0 8.89 1700 2800 3650 5000 1800 3200 4500 5800
120x10 1200.0 10.70 2000 3100 4100 5700 2150 3700 5200 6700
160x10 1600.0 14.20 2500 3900 5300 7300 2800 4800 6900 9000
200x10 2000.0 17.80 3000 4750 6350 8800 3400 6000 8500 10000
Table 67
Busbars : constructional details and current carrying capacity at 35C Ambient temperature
(Aluminium) : and 35C temperature rise.
Cross Approx Continuous current carrying capacity in amperes.

Size sectional Weight
A. C. No. of Buses D. C. No. of Buses
mm area
 2 3 4  2 3 4
sq. mm Kg. /m l ll lll ll50ll l ll lll llll
12x 2 23.5 0.0633 80 140 - - 80 145 - -

15x 2 29.5 0.0795 95 170 - - 95 175 - -
15x 3 44.5 0.120 115 210 - - 115 220 - -
20x 2 39.5 0.107 120 220 - - 125 225 - -
20x 3 59.5 0.161 145 270 - - 150 280 - -
20x 5 99.1 0.268 195 350 - - 200 370 - -
25x 3 74.5 0.201 180 330 - - 185 340 - -
25x 5 124.0 0.335 230 430 - - 235 440 - -
30x 3 89.5 0.242 205 385 - - 220 400 - -
30x 5 149.0 0.403 270 500 - - 275 520 - -
40x 3 119.0 0.323 280 500 - - 285 525 - -
40x 5 199.0 1.538 350 650 - - 360 660 - -
40x10 399.0 1.08 515 975 1350 1800 540 1000 1420 -
50x 5 249.0 0.673 425 780 1120 1500 445 815 1220 -
50x10 499.0 1.35 625 1150 1600 2160 655 1220 1730 -
60x 5 299.0 0.808 500 900 1300 1730 530 960 1420 1850
60x10 599.0 1.62 730 1330 1900 2500 770 1430 2030 2600
80x 5 399.0 1.08 680 1170 1650 2230 700 1260 1850 2400
80x 10 799.0 2.16 940 1700 2360 3150 985 1840 2640 3400
100x 5 499.0 1.35 820 1440 2000 2600 855 1550 2220 2900
100x10 999.0 2.70 1150 2050 2800 3700 1200 2240 3200 4200
100x15 1500.0 4.04 1450 2500 3350 4400 1500 2750 4000 5200
120x10 1200.0 3.24 1350 2400 3250 4300 1420 2700 3900 5100
120x15 1800.0 4.86 1650 2900 3900 5000 1750 3250 4800 6300
160x10 1600.0 4.32 1750 3000 4150 5300 1850 3450 5000 6500
160x15 2400.0 6.47 2100 3600 4850 6250 2300 4800 6200 8100
200x10 2000.0 5.40 2150 3650 4950 6400 2300 4300 6200 8100
200x15 3000.0 8.09 2550 4200 5600 7300 2850 5250 7650 10100
Table 68
Approximate size of fuse-element of Tinned Copper wire or
Aluminium wire for use in semi-enclosed fuse
Current Approximate Tinned Copper wire Aluminium

rating of Fusing current Wire diameter
fuse amp mm
amp Diamrter
SWG
inches mm
1.5 3 40 0.0048 0.12 -
2.5 4 39 0.0052 0.13 -
3.0 5 38 0.0060 0.15 0.195
4.0 6 37 0.0068 0.17 -
5.0 8 35 0.0084 0.21 -
5.5 9 34 0.0092 0.23 -
6.0 10 33 0.0100 0.25 0.307
7.0 11 32 0.0108 0.27 -
8.0 12 31 0.0116 0.29 -
8.5 13 30 0.0124 0.31 -
9.5 15 - - - 0.400
10.0 16 29 0.0136 0.35 -
12.0 18 28 0.0148 0.38 -
13.0 20 - - - 0.475
13.5 25 - - - 0.560
14.0 28 26 0.018 0.46 -
15.0 30 25 0.020 0.51 0.630
17.0 33 24 0.022 0.56 -
18.0 35 - - - 0.710
20.0 38 23 0.024 0.61 -
21 40 - - - 0.75
22 45 - - - 0.85
24 48 22 0.028 0.71 -
25 50 - - - 0.90
29 58 21 0.032 0.81 -
30 60 - - - 1.00
34 70 20 0.036 0.91 1.22
37.5 80 - - - 1.25
38 81 19 0.040 1.02 -
40.5 90 - - - 1.32
43 98 - - - -
43.5 100 - - - 1.40
45 106 18 0.048 1.22 -
55 120 - - - 1.60
62 130 - - - 1.70
65 135 17 0.056 1.42 -
66 140 - - - 180
69 150 - - - 185
73 166 16 0.064 1.63 -
75 175 - - - 2.06
78 197 15 0.072 1.83 -
80 200 - - - 22.4
102 230 14 0.080 2.03 -
130 295 13 0.092 2.34 -
The above figures are an approximate guide only and the current at which the fuse will
Blow depend upon the type and construction of the fuse holder in which the wire is used.
Table 69
Current for A.C. motors
This table gives approximate amp. Per phase taken by modern induction
Motors, allowing reasonable efficiencies and power factors.
B. H. p. Single-phase Two-phase Three-phase

Of
230V 400V 200V 400V 340V 400V 440V 500V
motor
0.105 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

0.25 1.8 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6
0.50 3.5 2.0 2.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0
0.75 4.8 3.0 3.3 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.3
1.0 6.2 4.0 4.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.5
1.25 7.4 4.8 4.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.9
1.50 8.7 5.7 5.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.2
1.75 10.0 6.3 6.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.5
2.50 11.8 7.0 7.0 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.8
3.0 14.0 8.2 8.5 4.3 5.0 4.3 4.0 3.6
4.0 17.5 9.5 10.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 4.5 4.2
5.0 20.0 12.0 12.0 6.5 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.5
7.5 24.0 14.0 14.0 7.0 9.0 8.0 7.5 7.0
10.0 36.0 21.0 21.0 10.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0
12.5 47.0 27.0 26.0 13.0 17.0 15.0 14.0 13.0
15.0 59.0 34.0 32.0 15.0 21.0 19.0 18.0 16.0
20.0 70.0 40.0 38.0 19.0 25.0 22.0 21.0 19.0
30.0 91.0 53.0 51.0 25.0 33.0 29.0 28.0 25.0
40.0 135.0 78.0 75.0 38.0 48.0 42.0 39.0 36.0
50.0 183.0 105.0 100.0 50.0 63.0 56.0 53.0 47.0
227.0 130.0 120.0 60.0 79.0 71.0 66.0 58.0
Table 70
Selection table for Starter/Relay/Fuse/Cable for DOL Motors
Used on 3 phase, 415V, 50HZ system
Approximate DOL starter/ Typical back Typical

HP KW full load contractor Relay scale up HRC fuse cable size
current LT/LK make amps Al
amps sq. mm
0.50 0.40 1.0 MK1/ML 0 1-1.6 6 1.5/2.5

0.75 0.55 1.5 ,, 1.5-2.5 6 ,,
1.00 0.75 2.0 ,, 1.5-2.5 10 ,,
1.5 1.1 2.6 ,, 2.5-4.0 10 ,,
2.0 1.5 3.5 ,, 2.5-4.0 15 ,,
3.0 2.25 5.0 ,, 4.0-6.5 20 ,,
4.0 3.0 6.2 ,, 4.0-6.5 20 ,,
5.0 3.75 7.5 ,, 6.0-10 25 2.5
6.0 4.5 9 ,, 6-10 25 2.5
7.5 5.5 11 ,, 9-14 25 4.0
10.0 7.5 14 ML 1 10-16 35 4.0
12.5 9.3 18 ML 2 13-21 50 6.0
15.0 11 21 ML 2 20-32 50 6.0
17.5 13 24 ML 2 20-32 63 10.0
20 15 28 ML 2 20-32 63 10.0
25 18.5 35 ML 3 28-42 80 16
30 22 40 ML 3 28-42 100 25
35 26 47 MK 3/ML 4 45-70 125 25
40 30 55 ,, 45-70 125 25
45 33.5 60 ,, 45-70 160 35
50 37.5 66 ML 8 60-100 160 35
60 45 80 ML 8 60-100 160 50
75 56 100 ML 8 60-100 200 70
90 67.5 120 ML 8 90-150 250 95
100 75 135 ML 12 120-200 250 95
150 112 200 ML 12 180-300 350 185
200 150 275 ML 12 180-300 500 300/400
225 170 300 ML 12 180-300 600 300/400
Table 71
Selection table for Starter/Relay/Fuse/Cable for star delta motors
Used on 3 phase, 415V, 50Hz system
Approximate Phase Star Delta Typical Typical cable

Full load current starter Backup size sq. mm
H. P. kW Current Amps. contractor Relay HRC
Supply Motor
Amps. LT/LK make scale fuse
side side
(amps)
3 2.25 5 2.88 MV1 2.5-4 10 1.5/2.5 1.5/2.5

5 3.75 7.5 4.32 ,, 4-6 20 1.5/2.5 1.5/2.5
7.5 5.5 11 6.34 ,, 6-10 25 2.5 1.5/2.5
10.0 7.5 14 8.10 MK1/ML1 6-10 25 4 1.5/2.5
12.5 9.3 18 10.02 ,, 9-14 35 4 2.5
15 11 21 12.10 ML1 10-16 50 6 2.5
20 15 28 16.00 ML1 10-16 63 10 4
25 18.5 35 20.20 ML2 20-32 63 16 6
30 22 40 23.00 ,, 20-32 100 16 6
35 26 47 27.00 ,, 20-32 100 25 10
40 30 55 30.30 ML3 28-42 100 25 16
45 33.5 60 34.6 ,, 28-42 125 35 16
50 37 66 35.0 ,, 28-42 125 35 16
60 45 80 45 ,, 30-45 125 50 25
65 48.5 87 50 MK3/ML4 45-70 160 70 35
70 52 94 54 ,, 45-70 160 70 35
75 56 100 57.5 ,, 45-70 160 70 35
90 67.5 120 69 ML8 60-100 200 95 50
100 75 135 78 ,, 60-100 200 95 50
125 90 165 95 ,, 60-100 250 120 70
150 112 200 115 ,, 90-150 250 185 70
175 132 230 133 ,, 90-150 300 225 120
200 150 275 159 ML12 120-200 350 300/400 150
240 175 320 184.5 ,, 120-200 400 300/400 185
250 187.5 323 185 ,, 120-200 400 400 185
275 204 360 206 ,, 180-300 400 500 185
300 225 385 222 ,, 180-300 500 500 225
400 300 500 390 ,, 180-300 700 625 300/400
Table 72
Recommended capacitor ratings
For direct connection to induction motors
to improve power factor to 0.95 or better at all loads
Motor kVAr rating when motor speed is

H.P.
3000 rpm 1500 rpm 1000 rpm 750 rpm 500 rpm
2.5 1 1 1.5 2 2.5

5 2 2 2.5 3.5 4
7.5 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 5.5
10 3 4 4.5 5.5 6.5
15 4 5 6 7.5 9
20 5 6 7 9 12
25 6 7 9 10.5 14.5
30 7 8 10 12 17
40 9 10 13 15 21
50 11 12.5 16 18 25
60 13 14.5 18 20 28
70 15 16.5 20 22 31
80 17 19 22 24 34
90 19 21 24 26 37
100 21 23 26 28 40
110 23 25 28 30 43
120 25 27 30 32 46
130 27 29 32 34 49
140 29 31 34 36 52
145 30 32 35 37 54
150 31 33 36 38 55
155 32 34 37 39 56
160 33 35 38 40 57
165 34 36 39 41 59
170 35 37 40 42 60
175 36 38 41 43 61
180 37 39 42 44 62
185 38 40 43 45 63
190 38 40 43 45 65
200 40 42 45 47 67
250 45 50 55 60 70
Table 73
Size of capacitors in kV Ar required for given degree of power
Factor correction per kW of load
Initial power Correction to
factor 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.98 1.0
0.50 1.112 1.248 1.403 1.529 1.732
0.51 1.066 1.202 1.357 1.483 1.686
0.52 1.024 1.160 1.315 1.441 1.644
0.53 0.980 1.116 1.271 1.397 1.600
0.54 0.939 1.075 1.230 1.356 1.559
0.55 0.899 1.035 1.190 1.316 1.519
0.56 0.860 0.996 1.151 1.277 1.486
0.57 0.822 0.958 1.113 1.239 1.442
0.58 0.785 0.921 1.076 1.202 1.405
0.59 0.748 0.884 1.039 1.165 1.368
0.60 0.714 0.849 1.005 1.131 1.334
0.61 0.679 0.815 0.970 1.096 1.299
0.62 0.645 0.781 0.936 1.062 1.265
0.63 0.613 0.749 0.904 1.030 1.233
0.64 0.580 0.716 0.871 0.997 1.200
0.65 0.549 0.685 0.840 0.966 1.169
0.66 0.518 0.654 0.809 0.935 1.138
0.67 0.488 0.624 0.779 0.905 1.108
0.68 0.459 0.595 0.750 0.876 1.079
0.69 0.429 0.565 0.720 0.840 1.049
0.70 0.400 0.536 0.691 0.811 1.020
0.71 0.372 0.508 0.663 0.783 0.992
0.72 0.343 0.479 0.634 0.754 0.963
0.73 0.316 0.452 0.607 0.727 0.936
0.74 0.289 0.425 0.580 0.700 0.909
0.75 0.262 0.398 0.553 0.673 0.882
0.76 0.235 0.371 0.526 0.652 0.855
0.77 0.209 0.345 0.500 0.620 0.829
0.78 0.183 0.319 0.473 0.594 0.803
0.79 0.156 0.292 0.447 0.567 0.776
0.80 0.130 0.266 0.421 0.541 0.750
0.81 0.104 0.240 0.395 0.515 0.724
0.82 0.078 0.214 0.369 0.489 0.698
0.83 0.052 0.188 0.343 0.463 0.672
0.84 0.026 0.162 0.317 0.437 0.645
0.85 - 0.136 0.291 0.417 0.620
0.86 - 0.109 0.264 0.390 0.593
0.87 - 0.083 0.238 0.364 0.567
0.88 - 0.054 0.209 0.335 0.538
0.89 - 0.028 0.183 0.309 0.512
0.90 - - 0.155 0.281 0.484
0.91 - - 0.124 0.250 0.453
0.92 - - 0.097 0.223 0.426
0.93 - - 0.066 0.192 0.395
0.94 - - 0.034 0.160 0.363
0.95 - - - 0.126 0.329
0.96 - - - 0.089 0.292
0.97 - - - 0.047 0.250
0.98 - - - - 0.203
0.99 - - - - 0.143
Table 73-Contd.
Example : To find the capacitor rating required to correct a load of 97 kW at 0.67 power
factor to 0.95 power factor.
required kV Ar per kW ( vide table)=0.779
Total capacitor rating= 0.779X97=75.65 (or) 76 kVAr.
Table 74
Current ratings
For selection of proper size of paper insulated cables the recommended current
Ratings are based on specific conditions of installation (normal conditions)as follows :
(a) Max. Conductor temperature : 70
(b) Ground temperature : 30 C
(c) Ambient air temperature : 40C
(d) Thermal resistivity of soil : 150C cm/w
(e) Max. conductor temperature for 11 kV and 33 kV : 65C
(f) Standard depth of laying to highest point of cables laid direct in ground for-
11 kV : 90 cm
For 22 and 33 kV : 105 cm
(1) Screened construction (H) type : - in which each core has its own
insulation and screen.
(2) Screened SL Construction (HSL type) which in addition to possessing its
own insulation & screen, also has a separate lead sheath for each core
as against a common lead sheath in the other two types.
Belted cable : A two, three or four core or multicore cable in which part of the
insulation is applied to each conductor individually and the
remainder is applied over the assembled cores
concentric cable : A cable containing two or more separate conductors, arranged

concentrically with insulation between them. Unless otherwise
qualified the term denotes a cable consisting of two conductors
only
Control cable : An auxiliary cable used for measuring, control, protection and
communication circuits.
Flexible Trailing cable : Cable intended for use with hand-held portable machines such
As drills and pricks for application in mines.
Pilot cable : Auxiliary cable used for measurement. Control, protection or

Communication circuits.
Screened cable : (as used for Electrical Supply) : A cable in which the insulation
Of each conductors is separately enclosed in a conducting layer
in order to ensure a radial electric field surrounding the conductor.
Short firing cable : Cables used in firing explosive charges electrically.
Braiding : A plaited protective covering of a cable.

Table 75
Current Rating & Constructional Details
11 kV paper Insulated cables types APLSTS-IS 692-1973
No. of cores Conductor Max. Min. Approx. Current Rating in

and cross- (Al.) over- bending nett amp (a.c.)
sectional Min. No. of all radius weight Direct in
area wires Dia. of cable ground In Air
sq. mm No. mm mm kg/km amp amp
635/ 11kV (E)
3 x 16 rm 7 38 46 3030 58 50
3 x 25sm 6 38 46 3040 72 68
3 x 35 sm 6 40 48 3440 84 80
3 x 50 sm 6 42 50 3920 105 100

3 x 70 sm 15 47 56 5040 130 125
3 x 95 sm 15 50 60 5670 155 155
3 x 120 sm 15 53 64 6500 170 175

3 x 150 sm 15 56 67 7140 190 200
3 x 185 sm 30 59 71 8000 220 230
3 x 225 sm 30 63 76 9020 240 260

3 x 240 sm 30 65 78 9610 250 275
3 x 300 sm 30 69 83 10960 280 310
3 x 400 sm 53 75 90 12970 325 370
3 x 500 sm 53 81 97 15200 365 435
11 kV (UE)
3 x 16 rm 7 41 49 3540 58 50
3 x 25sm 6 41 49 3550 72 68
3 x 35 sm 6 43 52 3980 84 80
3 x 50 sm 6 47 56 4770 105 100

3 x 70 sm 15 50 60 5680 130 125
3 x 95 sm 15 54 65 6340 155 155
3 x 120 sm 15 56 67 7060 170 175

3 x 150 sm 15 59 71 7880 190 200
3 x 185 sm 30 63 76 8790 220 230
3 x 225 sm 30 66 79 9850 240 260

3 x 240 sm 30 68 82 10460 250 275
3 x 300 sm 30 72 86 11650 280 310
3 x 400 sm 53 79 95 13940 325 370
3 x 500 sm 53 84 101 16250 365 435
Table 76
Current Rating & Constructional Details of
No. of cores Min. No. of Max. Min. Approx. Current Rating in

and cross- wires over- bending nett amp (a.c.)
sectional Per Cond. all radius weight Direct in
area (Al.) Dia. of cable ground In Air
12.7/ 22kV (E)

HSL TYPE
3 x 25 rm/v 6 58 87 6430 72 72
3 x 35 rm/v 6 61 92 7160 88 88
3 x 50 rm/v 6 64 96 7710 105 105
3 x 70 rm/v 15 68 102 8740 130 130

3 x 95 rm/v 15 72 108 9970 155 160
3 x 120 rm/v 15 76 114 10880 170 180
3 x 150 rm/v 15 79 119 11630 190 210

3 x 185 rm/v 30 83 125 12950 220 245
3 x 225 rm/v 30 87 131 14120 240 275
3 x 240 rm/v 30 89 134 14850 250 285

3 x 300 rm/v 30 94 141 16360 275 320
3 x 400 rm/v 53 102 153 18980 310 380
12.7/ 22kV (E)

H TYPE
3 x 25 rm/v 6 56 84 6580 72 72
3 x 35 rm/v 6 59 89 7260 88 88
3 x 50 rm/v 6 62 93 8010 105 105
3 x 70 rm/v 15 65 98 8980 130 130

3 x 95 sm 15 66 99 9110 155 160
3 x 120 sm 15 69 104 10260 170 180
3 x 150 sm 15 72 108 11040 190 210

3 x 185 sm 30 75 113 12140 220 245
3 x 225 sm 30 79 119 13370 240 275
3 x 240 sm 30 80 120 14020 250 285

3 x 300 sm 30 85 128 15620 275 320
3 x 400 sm 53 91 137 18020 310 380
Table 77
No. of cores Min. No. of Max. Min. Approx. Current Rating in

and cross- wires over- bending nett amp (a.c.)
sectional per Cond. all radius weight Direct in
area (Al.) Dia. of cable ground In Air
19/ 33 kV (E)
HSL TYPE
3 x 70 rm/v 15 78 156 11070 130 135

3 x 95 rm/v 15 80 160 11670 155 160
3 x 120 rm/v 15 84 168 12990 170 180
3 x 150 rm/v 15 85 170 13320 190 210

3 x 185 rm/v 30 89 178 14320 220 240
3 x 225 rm/v 30 94 188 15920 240 275
3 x 240 rm/v 30 95 190 16310 245 285

3 x 300 rm/v 30 100 200 18330 270 320
3 x 400 rm/v 53 108 216 21070 310 380
19/ 33 kV (E)
H TYPE
3 x 70 rm/v 15 75 150 11770 130 135

3 x 95 sm 15 74 148 11490 155 160
3 x 120 sm 15 77 154 12540 170 180
3 x 150 sm 15 78 156 12850 190 210

3 x 185 sm 30 81 162 14030 220 240
3 x 225 sm 30 85 170 15340 240 275
3 x 240 sm 30 87 174 16040 245 285

3 x 300 sm 30 91 182 17470 270 320
3 x 400 sm 53 97 194 19990 310 380
Table 78
Grouping Factors and Rating Factors for Temperature
Rating Factors for Variation in Ground Temperature Rating Factors for Variation in Ambient Air Temperature
Ground 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Air 25 30 35 40 45
temperaturec temperature
C
Rating factor 1.20 1.13 1.07 1.00 0.93 0.85 0.76 Rating factor 1.30 1.21 1.10 1.00 0.88
(11 kV,22 kV (11 kV,22 kV
And 33 kV) and 33 kV)
Group Rating Factors for Cables laid direct in Group in Horizontal Formation
No. of cables 11 kV and 22 kV 11 kV and 22 kV

in group
Touching Space at Touching Space at
15 cm. 30 cm. 45 cm. 60 cm. 15 cm. 30 cm. 45 cm. 60 cm.
2 0.79 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.91 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.88 0.90
3 0.69 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.86 0.69 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.83
4 0.62 0.69 0.74 0.79 0.82 0.63 0.66 0.72 0.76 0.79
5 0.58 0.65 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.58 0.62 0.68 0.72 0.76
6 0.54 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.78 0.55 0.59 0.65 0.70 0.74
7 0.52 0.59 0.68 0.73 0.77 0.52 0.56 0.63 0.68 0.73
8 0.50 0.57 0.66 0.72 0.76 0.50 0.54 0.62 0.67 0.72
9 0.47 0.55 0.64 0.71 0.75 0.48 0.52 0.60 0.66 0.71
10 0.46 0.54 0.63 0.70 0.74 0.46 0.51 0.59 0.65 0.70
11 0.45 0.53 0.63 0.69 0.74 0.45 0.50 0.58 0.65 0.70
12 0.44 0.52 0.62 0.68 0.73 0.44 0.49 0.57 0.64 0.69
Table 78 Contd
Group Rating Factors for Cables laid direct in Group in Tire Formation
Space at
Touching
No. of cables 15 cm. 30 cm. 45 cm. 60 cm.
in group
Up to 22kV 33kV Up to 22kV 33kV Up to 22kV 33kV Up to 22kV 33kV Up to 22kV 33kV
Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables Cables
2 0.81 - 0.84 - 0.88 - 0.90 - 0.91 -

3 0.69 - 0.73 - 0.79 - 0.82 - 0.85 -
4 0.60 0.61 0.67 0.64 0.73 0.69 0.76 0.72 0.78 0.74
5 0.55 - 0.61 - 0.67 - 0.71 - 0.73 -
6 0.51 0.52 0.57 0.55 0.63 0.60 0.67 0.69 0.69 0.65
7 0.48 - 0.54 - 0.59 - 0.63 - 0.64 -
8 0.45 - 0.51 - 0.57 - 0.59 - 0.61 -
9 0.44 0.43 0.48 0.46 0.54 0.50 0.56 0.53 0.58 0.56
10 0.42 - 0.46 - 0.51 - 0.54 - 0.56 -
11 0.41 - 0.45 - 0.50 - 0.53 - 0.55 -
12 0.40 0.48 0.45 0.41 0.49 0.45 0.52 0.48 0.54 0.51
Rating Factors for Depth of Laying in Rating Factors for Variation in Thermal Resistivity of Soil
Depth of 11 kV 22kV and

Laying All 33kV Thermal Nominal area of Conductor (sq. mm)
cm Sizes All Sizes resistivit
y
75 - - of soil in 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300 400
90 1.00 - C cm/w
105 0.99 1.00
120 0.98 0.99
150 0.96 0.97 200 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
180 or more 0.95 0.96 250 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
300 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Table 79
PVC Insulated PVC Sheathed unarmoured single core power cable 650/1100V Mfgd. To IS 1554 Part I (1976)
No. of Condu- Thick- Thick- Max. Approx. Max AC Approx. Current rating
Cores Ctor (Al) ness of ness of O.D. net wt. D.C. resis- reac-
Direct in In air
and Minimum PVC PVC of resistance tance
cross ground
No. of Insu- Outer cable tance at ope- at 50 Hz
sectional Wires lation sheath rating
at 20C
2 3 2 3
area (Nom.) (Nom.) temp
cables cables cables cables
70C
Sq. mm No. mm mm mm Kg./km ohm/km
ohm/km ohm/km
1x4 1 1.3 1.8 9.0 89 7.39 8.879 0.145 36 31 32 27

1x6 1 1.3 1.8 9.5 100 4.91 5.899 0.135 44 39 41 35
1 x 10 1 1.3 1.8 10.5 120 2.94 3.532 0.126 59 51 56 47
1 x 16 7 1.3 1.8 12.0 160 1.87 2.247 0.122 75 66 72 64

1 x 25 6 1.5 1.8 13.5 210 1.18 1.418 0.102 97 86 99 84
1 x 35 6 1.5 1.8 14.5 255 0.851 1.022 0.099 120 100 120 105
1 x 50 6 1.5 1.8 15.5 305 0.628 0.755 0.094 145 120 150 130
1 x 70 15 1.5 1.8 17.5 385 0.435 0.523 0.088 170 140 185 155
1 x 95 15 1.6 1.8 19.5 495 0.313 0.376 0.088 205 175 215 190
Table 79 (Contd.)
No. of Condu- Thick- Thick- Max. Approx. Max AC Approx. Current rating
Cores Ctor (Al) ness of ness of O.D. net wt. D.C. resis- reac-
Direct in In air
and Minimum PVC PVC of resistance tance
cross ground
No. of Insu- Outer cable tance at ope- at 50 Hz
sectional Wires lation sheath rating
at 20C
2 3 2 3
area (Nom.) (Nom.) temp
cables cables cables cables
70C
Sq. mm No. mm mm mm Kg./km ohm/km
ohm/km ohm/km
1 x 120 15 1.6 2.0 21.5 600 0.248 0.299 0.085 230 195 240 210
1 x 150 15 1.8 2.0 23.5 720 0.202 0.243 0.085 265 220 270 250
1 x 118 30 2.0 2.0 25.5 860 0.161 0.195 0.083 300 240 305 290
1 x 225 30 2.2 2.0 28.0 1040 0.131 0.159 0.082 325 260 340 325
1 x 240 30 2.2 2.0 28.5 1090 0.122 0.149 0.082 335 270 350 335
1 x 300 30 2.4 2.2 32.0 1350 0.0976 0.120 0.080 370 295 395 380
1 x 400 53 2.6 2.2 36.0 1650 0.0763 0.0946 0.079 410 325 455 435
1 x 500 53 3.0 2.2 40.0 2090 0.0605 0.0767 0.079 435 345 490 480
1 x 630 91 3.4 2.4 46.0 2730 0.0469 0.0613 0.079 485 390 560 550
1 x 800 91 3.4 2.6 51.0 3370 0.0367 0.050 0.077 530 440 640 600
1 x 1000 91 3.4 2.8 57.0 4110 0.0291 0.042 0.075 580 490 740 720
Table 80
Current rating & constructional details of PVC insulated PVC
Sheathed armoured twin and multicore power cable with
Aluminium conductor type AYWY and AYFY 650/1100V (AI)
Type No. of cores Conductor Max O.D Approx Max. D.C AC resis- Approx. Approx. Current rating
and cross (AI) nett wt. resistance tance at reactance Capaci-
Sectional Minimum of cable at 20C operating At 50 Hz tance Direct in In Air
area No. of temp. per Ground
wires mm 70C phase
sq. mm No. kg/km ohm/km ohm/km ohm/km F/km amp amp
2x1.5 1 15.0 400 20.0 24.0 0.239 0.165 18 16
2x2.5 1 16.0 460 12.0 14.4 0.229 0.18 25 21
AYWY 2x4 1 17.5 530 7.54 9.06 0.223 0.20 32 27
2x6 1 18.5 600 5.01 6.02 0.207 0.22 40 35
2x10 1 20.5 730 3.00 3.60 0.198 0.25 55 47
2x16 7 22.5 790 1.91 2.29 0.179 0.28 70 59
2x25 6 25.0 1000 1.20 1.44 0.176 0.31 90 78
AYWY 2x35 6 27.5 1170 0.868 1.04 0.173 0.33 110 99
2x50 6 32.0 1490 0.641 0.770 0.173 0.35 135 125
3x1.5 1 15.5 425 20.0 24.0 0.119 0.33 16 13
3x2.5 1 17.0 490 12.0 14.4 0.115 0.355 21 18
AYWY 3x4 1 18.0 580 7.54 9.06 0.112 0.395 28 23
3x6 1 19.5 650 5.01 6.02 0.104 0.435 35 30
3x10 1 20.5 650 3.00 3.60 0.099 0.495 46 40
3x16 7 23.5 870 1.91 2.29 0.090 0.56 60 51
3x25 6 23.5 840 1.20 1.44 0.088 0.62 76 70
3x35 6 25.5 990 0.868 1.04 0.086 0.66 92 86
3x50 6 29.0 1230 0.641 0.770 0.086 0.70 110 105
3x70 15 33.0 1560 0.443 0.532 0.083 0.73 135 130
3x95 15 37.0 2000 0.320 0.384 0.083 0.76 165 155
3x120 15 40.0 2280 0.253 0.306 0.082 0.78 185 180
3x150 15 44.0 2750 0.206 0.249 0.082 0.795 210 205
3x185 30 49.0 3320 0.164 0.199 0.082 0.81 235 240
3x225 30 54.0 3980 0.134 0.163 0.082 0.815 265 270
AYWY 3x240 30 56.0 4190 0.125 0.152 0.079 0.82 275 280
3x300 30 62.0 5080 0.100 0.123 0.079 0.825 305 315
3x400 53 68.0 6280 0.078 0.098 0.079 0.83 335 375
3½x25/16 6 26.0 960 1.20 1.44 0.094 0.62 76 70
3½x35/16 6 28.5 1150 0.868 1.04 0.093 0.66 92 86
3½x50/25 6 32.0 1430 0.641 0.770 0.093 0.70 110 105
3½x70/35 15 35.0 1760 0.443 0.532 0.090 0.73 135 130
3½x95/50 15 40.0 2250 0.320 0.384 0.090 0.76 165 155
3½x120/70 15 43.0 2700 0.253 0.305 0.088 0.78 185 180
3½x150/70 15 48.0 3170 0.206 0.249 0.088 0.795 210 205
3½x185/95 30 52.0 3790 0.164 0.199 0.088 0.81 235 240
3½x225/120 30 58.0 4600 0.134 0.163 0.088 0.815 265 270
3½x240/120 30 61.0 4880 0.125 0.152 0.085 0.82 275 280
3½x300/150 30 66.0 5860 0.100 0.123 0.085 0.825 305 315
3½x400/185 53 74.0 7270 0.078 0.098 0.085 0.88 335 375
4x1.5 1 16.5 460 20.0 24.0 0.127 0.33 16 13
AYWY 4x2.5 1 17.5 550 12.0 14.4 0.123 0.355 21 18
4x4 1 19.5 640 7.54 9.06 0.119 0.395 28 23
4x6 1 19.5 600 5.01 6.02 0.112 0.435 35 30
4x10 1 21.5 730 3.00 3.60 0.107 0.495 46 40
AYWY 4x16 7 28.5 990 1.91 2.29 0.097 0.56 60 51
4x25 6 26.0 1010 1.20 1.44 0.096 0.62 76 70
4x35 6 28.5 1210 0.868 1.04 0.094 0.66 92 86
4x50 6 33.0 1650 0.641 0.770 0.094 0.70 110 105
Table 81
Current Rating & Constructional Details of PVC Insulated Sheathed
Armoured Control Cable with Copper Conductor, Type YWY and
YFY 650/1100V
Type No. of cores Max Approx Max. D.C AC resis- Approx. Approx. Current rating
and cross O.D nett wt. resistance tance at Reactance Capaci-
sectional of at 20C operating at tance for Direct In air
area Cable temp. 50 Hz two in
70C Adjacent ground
cores amp
sq. mm mm kg/km ohm/km ohm/km ohm/km F/km amp
YWY 2x1.5 15.0 415 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 23 20
3x1.5 15.5 450 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 21 17
4x1.5 16.5 495 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 21 17
5x1.5 17.0 560 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 16 14
6x1.5 18.0 620 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 15 13
7x1.5 18.0 630 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 14 13
YWY 10x1.5 20.5 710 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 13 11

12x1.5 19.5 640 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 12 10
14x1.5 21.0 730 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 11 10
16x1.5 21.5 780 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 11 9
19x1.5 22.5 880 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 10 9
24x1.5 25.5 1060 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 9 8
27x1.5 26.0 1150 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 9 8
30x1.5 27.0 1230 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 9 7
37x1.5 29.0 1420 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 9 7
44x1.5 33.0 1670 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 7 6
52x1.5 34.0 1920 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 7 6
61x1.5 36.0 2150 12.1 14.5 0.239 0.1 6 6
YWY 2x2.5 16.0 490 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 32 27

3x2.5 17.0 540 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 27 24
4x2.5 17.5 610 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 27 24
5x2.5 19.0 680 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 23 19
6x2.5 20.5 780 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 21 18
7x25 20.5 800 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 20 17
YWY 10x2.5 22.0 800 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 18 15

12x2.5 22.5 870 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 17 14
14x2.5 23.5 970 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 16 13
16x2.5 24.5 1050 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 15 13
19x2.5 25.5 1180 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 14 12
24x2.5 29.5 1460 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 13 11
27x2.5 30.0 1560 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 12 10
30x2.5 32.0 1720 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 12 10
37x.2.5 34.0 2010 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 11 9
44x2.5 38.0 2360 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 10 9
52x2.5 39.0 2670 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 10 8
61x2.5 42.0 3040 7.28 8.71 0.229 0.1 9 8
Table 82
Rating Factor for Groups of Twin and Multi-core Cables laid in

Ground in Horizontal Formation
No. of Cables Rating Factor for Axial Spacing

Touching 15 cm 30 cm 45 cm 60 cm
2 0.79 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.91
3 0.69 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.86
4 0.62 0.69 0.74 0.79 0.82
6 0.54 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.78
8 0.50 0.57 0.66 0.72 0.76
Rating Factor for Groups of Twin and Multi-core Cables laid

Direct in Ground in Tire Formation

4 0.60 0.67 0.73 0.76 0.78
6 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.67 0.69
8 0.45 0.51 0.57 0.59 0.61
Group Rating Factors for Circuits of Two single Core Cables, Side by Side and
Touching, Horizontal Formation, laid Direct in Ground

2 0.79 0.86 0.91 0.93 0.95
3 0.69 0.78 0.84 0.88 0.91
4 0.64 0.73 0.81 0.86 0.88
6 0.56 0.67 0.77 0.83 0.87
8 0.51 0.65 0.75 0.82 0.86
Group Rating Factors for Circuits of Three single Core Cables in Trefoil and
Touching, Horizontal Formation, laid Direct in Ground

2 0.78 0.81 0.85 0.88 0.90
3 0.68 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.83
4 0.61 0.65 0.72 0.76 0.79
6 0.53 0.58 0.66 0.71 0.76
8 0.48 0.54 0.62 0.67 0.72
Table 83
Rating Factors for Variation in Ambient Air/Ground Temperature
Ambient Air/
Ground 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Temperature
C
Air - 1.25 1.16 1.09 1.00 0.09
Ground 1.17 1.12 1.06 1.00 0.94 0.87 0.70
NOTE :
The current ratings given in the tables 82 and 83 are based on the normal conditions of
Installation described below. For other conditions, the corresponding rating factors are to
Be applied :
Maximum conductor temperature : 70C
Ambient air temperature : 40C
Ground temperature : 30C
Depth of laying (for cables laid 75 cm (1.1 kV.)

Direct in ground) 90 cm (3.3,6.6 kV.)
Thermal resistivity of soil : 150C cm/watt
Thermal resistivity of the Cable : 650C cm/watt
Table 84
Rating & Constructions of
Single Core Copper Conductor Welding Cables
Nominal Hand Nominal Area No. & Dia of Overall Approx.

Welding Sq. mm Wires Dia Wt.
Current mm mm Kg/km.
100 16 509/0.2 10.0 228

150 25 796/0.2 11.2 325
230 35 1114/0.2 12.5 432
400 50 1561/0.5 14.0 588
600 70 2228/0.2 15.8 791
- 95 1344/0.3 18.7 1089
Table 85
Maximum permissible number of 250 V grade single-core cables that can be
Drawn into rigid steel conduits
Noimnal cross Number and Size of conduit in mm

sectional area diameter in mm 16 (5/8’’) 19 (3/4’’) 25.4 (1’’) 31.8(1¼‘’) 38. (1½‘’) 51 (2’’) 63.5(2½’’)
sq. mm of wires
S B S B S B S B S B S B S B
1 1/1.12* 5 4 7 5 13 10 20 14 - - - - - -
1.5 1/1.40 4 3 7 5 12 10 20 14 - - - - - -
1/1.80
2.5 3/1.06* 3 2 6 5 10 8 18 12 - - - - - -
1/2.24
4 7/0.85* 3 2 4 3 7 6 12 10 - - - - - -
1/2.80
6 7/1.06 2 - 3 2 6 5 10 8 - - - - - -
10 1/3.55 - - 2 - 5 4 8 7 - - - - - -
10 7/1.40 - - 2 - 4 3 6 5 8 6 - - - -
16 7/1.70 - - - - 2 - 4 3 7 6 - - - -
25 7/2.24 - - - - - - 3 2 5 4 8 6 9 7
35 7/2.50 - - - - - - 2 - 4 3 7 5 8 6
50 7/3.00 - - - - - - - - 2 - 5 4 6 5
50 19/1.80 - - - - - - - - 2 - 5 4 6 5
*por copper conductors only ; For aluminium conductors only.
Note:1. The table shows the maximum capacity of conduits of conduits for the simultaneous
drawing in of cables. The table applies to 250-vot grade cables. The columns headed `S’
apply to runs of conduit which have distance not exceeding 4.25m between draw-in-
boxes, and which do not deflect from the straight by an angle of more than 15. The
columns headed `B’ apply to runs of conduit which deflect from the straight by an angle
of more than 15.
2. In case an inspection type draw-in-box has been provided and if the cable is first drawn
Thought one straight conduit, then through the draw-in-box, and then through the second
Straight conduit, such system may be considered as that of a straight conduit even if the
Conduit deflects through the straight by more than 15
Table 86
Maximum permissible number of 250 V grade single-core cables
that may be drawn into rigid non-metallic conduits
Nominal Size of Conduit in mm

cross sectional Number and diameter
area in mm of wires 16 19 25 32 38 51
sq. mm.
1.0 1/1.12 5 7 13 20 - -
1.2 1/1.40 4 6 10 14 - -
1/1.80
2.5 3/1.06* 3 5 10 14 - -
1/2.24
4 7/0.85* 2 3 6 10 14 -
1/2.80
6 7/1.06* - - 5 11 -
8
10 1/3.55
7/1.40* - - 4 7 9 -
16 7/1.70 - - 2 4 5 12
25 7/2.24 - - - 2 2 6
35 7/2.50 - - - - 2 5
50 7/3.00 - - - - 2 3
50 19/1.80 - - - - 2 3
* For Copper conductors only ; For Aluminium conductors only.

Table 87
Technical Particulars of Conduits
Type : Screwed type rigid Steel Conduit

Thread : 55 Screw threads
Protective coating : Black stove enameled/Hot dipped galvanized.
Nominal Outside dia Wall Thread details Weight Approxi-
size Maximum Minimum Thickness Length of Pitch Mate
Screw threads length per
tonne
mm mm mm mm mm mm grams/meter m
16.0 15.900 15.606 1.6 12.5 1.411 580 1700

19.0 19.075 18.763 1.6 14.5 1.588 696 1330
19.0 19.075 18.763 2.0 14.5 1.588 870 1100
25.4 25.425 25.113 1.6 17.5 1.588 960 1000
25.4 25.425 25.113 2.0 17.5 1.588 1200 800
31.8 31.775 31.463 1.6 19.0 1.588 1210 800
31.8 31.775 31.463 2.0 19.0 1.588 1512 650
38.0 38.125 37.795 2.0 21.0 1.814 1815 550
51.0 50.825 50.495 2.0 24 1.814 2710 360
63.5 63.525 63.195 2.0 27 1.814 3420 290
76.0 76.275 75.775 2.0 27 1.814 3900 250
100.0 101.650 101.150 2.0 30 1.814 5800 170
The Conduits will be welded, socketed at one end and in length of 2.3 m to 4.0 m
Type : Screwed type rigid Steel Conduit

Thread : 60 I.S.O. Screw thread; Pitch-1.5mm
Protective coating : Black stove enameled/Hot dipped galvanized.
Nominal Outside dia Wall Length of Weight Approximate
size Thickness Screwed length per
threads tonne.
Maximum Minimum
mm mm mm grams/meter m
mm mm
16 16 15.7 1.6 12.5 580 1700
20 20 19.7 1.6 15.0 735 1310
20 20 19.7 2.0 15.0 916 1080
25 25 24.6 1.6 19.0 935 1020
25 25 24.6 1.0 19.0 1170 830
32 32 31.6 2.6 19.0 1215 800
32 32 31.6 2.0 19.0 1520 650
40 40 39.6 2.0 19.0 1910 500
50 50 49.5 2.0 22.0 2660 370
63 63 62.5 2.0 22.0 3340 295
Note : In case the wall thickness differs from the Table above, the weight will be different, the
Same may be calculated from the following formula :
Weight of the Conduit specified in column 6

X Actual wall thickness of Conduit
Wall thickness of conduit specified in column 4
The Conduits will be welded, socketed at one end and in length of 2.3 m to 4.0 m.
Table 88
Alumimium Conductors Steel Reinforced Including
Standard Sizes BS 215 Part 2 : 1970
Code Name Stranding & wire dia

Aluminium Steel Weight Temperate Tropical
mm mm Kg/km amp amp
Mole 6/1.50 1/1.50 43 67 55
Squirrel 6/2.11 1/2.11 85 109 69
Gopher 6/2.36 1/2.36 106 126 77
Weasel 6/2.59 1/2.59 128 134 84
Fox 6/2.79 1/2.79 149 147 93
Ferret 6/3.00 1/3.00 172 161 98
Rabbit 6/3.35 1/3.35 214 185 112
Mink 6/3.66 1/3.66 255 174 103
Skunk 12/2.59 7/2.59 465 246 139
Beaver 6/3.99 1/3.99 302 193 110
Horse 12/2.79 7/2.79 538 268 148
Racoon 6/3.10 1/4.10 320 231 131
Otter 6/4.22 1/4.22 339 240 137
Cat 6/4.50 1/4.50 386 248 145
Hare 6/4.72 1/4.72 425 273 151
Dog 6/4.72 7/1.57 394 278 153
Hyena 7/4.39 7/1.93 450 287 155
Leopard 6/5.28 7/1.75 492 316 167
Coyote 26/2.54 7/1.91 522 311 164
Cougar 18/3.05 1/3.05 419 314 168
Tiger 30/2.36 7/2.36 602 323 164
Wolf 30/2.59 7/2.59 726 355 162
- 18/3.35 1/3.35 506 349 179
Lynx 30/2.79 7/2.79 842 386 178
- 18/3.61 1/3.61 587 383 205
Panther 30/3.00 7/3.00 974 421 191
Lion 30/3.18 7/3.18 1095 448 195
Bear 30/3.35 7/3.35 1213 481 198
Goat 30/3.71 7/3.71 1489 542 200
Sheep 30/3.99 7/3.99 1718 592 197
Antelope 54/2.97 7/2.97 1411 588 208
Bison 54/3.00 7/3.00 1444 595 208
- 18/3.86 1/3.86 671 415 197
Deer 30/4.27 7/4.27 1971 639 186
Zebra 54/3.18 7/3.18 1621 635 202
Elk 30/4.50 7/4.50 2190 679 165
Camel 54/3.35 7/3.34 1797 677 192
Moose 54/3.53 7/3.53 1999 763 176
The ratings are based on the following conditions :

Wind Speed Ambient Intensity of Temperature
( cross wind) temperature Solar radiation rise
Temperate 0.447 m/s 2
20C 850 W/m 30C
Tropical 0.447 m/s 35C 2 20C
1200 W/m
2
Total Area = 0.7854 x d x No. of Strands.
Table 89
All Aliminium Stranded Conductors Including Standard
Size from BS 215, Part 1 : 1970
Code Name Stranding & Approximate Weight Current rating

Wire diameter Overall dia Temperate Tropical
mm mm Kg/km amp amp
Midge 7/2.06 6.2 64 114 72
Aphis 3/3.35 7.2 73 139 87
Gnat 7/2.21 6.6 73 124 78
Weevil 3/3.66 7.9 86 147 95
Mosquito 7/2.59 7.8 101 144 93
Ladybird 7/2.79 8.4 117 159 101
Ant 7/3.10 9.3 145 181 112
Fly 7/3.40 10.2 174 199 124
Bluebottle 7/3.66 11.0 202 219 132
Earwig 7/3.78 11.4 215 227 136
Grasshopper 7/3.91 11.7 230 238 141
Clegg 7/4.17 12.5 262 256 150
Wasp 7/4.39 13.2 290 271 158
Beetle 19/2.67 13.4 293 274 172
Bee 7/4.90 14.7 361 308 175
Cricket 7/5.36 16.1 432 342 189
Hornet 19/3.25 16.3 434 346 190
Caterpillar 19/3.53 17.7 512 380 204
Chafer 19/3.78 18.9 587 414 215
Spider 19/3.99 20.0 652 439 224
Cockroach 19/4.22 21.1 731 470 232
Butterfly 19/4.65 23.3 888 528 247
Moth 19/5.00 25.0 1027 572 256
Drone 37/3.58 25.1 1029 572 257
Locust 19/5.36 26.8 1179 626 263
Centipede 37/3.78 26.5 1145 619 262
Maybug 37/4.09 28.6 1342 676 268
Scorpin 37/4.27 29.9 1460 710 269
Cicada 37/4.65 32.6 1733 784 266
Tarantula 37/5.23 36.6 2191 899 241
The ratings are based on the following conditions :
Wind Speed Ambient Intensity of Temperature
(cross wind) temperature Solar radiation rise
Temperate 0.447 m/s 20C 850 W/m2 30C
Tropical 0.447 m/s 35C 120 W/m2 20C
Total Area = 0.7854 x d2 x No. of Strands.
Table 90
Characteristics of conductor materials
Description Annealed Hard drawn Cadmium Aluminium Steel

Copper Copper Copper Hard drawn (Galvanised)
Conductivity 97 79.2 61 -
percent 100 (average) (minimum) (minimum)
Volume resistivity at 0.017241* 0.01771** 0.021769 0.028264 -

20C,ohm-sq. mm/m (standard) (average) (maximum) (maximum)
Micro ohm-cu.inch 0.67879 0.69712 0.85705 1.1128 -
Mass resistivity
at 20C ohm-g/m, 0.15328 0.15714 0.19472 0.076398 -
ohm-lb/mile 875.20 898.33 1111.9 436.23 -
Resistance at 20C
ohm-sq. inch/mile 0.043008 0.04417 0.054302 0.070504 -
ohm-sq.inch/1000 ft 0.0081455 0.0083655 0.010285 0.013353 -
ohm-sq. mm/km 17.242 17.71 21.769 28.264 -
Density at 20C
g/cu. cm. 8.89 8.89 8.945 2.703 7.78
Weight
Ib/sq. inch/1000 ft 3.854.1 3854.1 3877.9 1171.8 3398.3
g/sq. mm/km 8.89 8.89 8.945 2.703 7.84
Temperature co-
efficient of resis-
tance at 20C perC 0.00393 0.00381 0.0031 0.00403 -
Co-efficient of linear
expansion at 20C
per C
17x10-6 17x10-6 17x10-6 23x10-6 11.5x10-6
per F
9.44x10-6 9.44x10-6 9.44x10-6 12.78x10-6 6.4x10-6
Ultimate tensile stress
(approximately)
36.0 60.0 90.0 23.5 194.0
lb /sq. inch
25.3 42.2 63.3 16.5 136.0
kg/sq. mm
* For calculations, this value has been extended to 0.017241379
** Assumed average ultimate tensile strength : 27 tons/sq. inch
For conductors of covered cables this is the assumed standard value
Table 91
Conductor sizes for various lines
(Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced/All Aluminium Conductor)
Line Voltage Conductor size Range

(Equivalent area of Copper)
Sq. in Sq. mm
Service Lines Min. - 0.01287 7.5

Lines other than Service
Lines Min - 0.02011 13
Low Voltage Lines 0.025 - 0.2 16 - 130
Lines upto 33k.V. 0.04 - 0.25 25 - 160
Lines upto 66 k.V. 0.05 - 0.25 30 - 160
Lines upto 132 k.V. 0.125 - 0.4 80 - 260
Lines upto 220 k.V. 0.04 - 0.25 160 - 260
Table 92
Fluorescent Lamp Data (E.L.M.A.)
80 W 40 W 40 W 30 W 20 W 15 W
Length, inches 60 48 24 36 23 18
Diameter, inches 1.50 1.50 1.50 1 1.50 1
Supply voltage (A.C.) V. 200/250 200/250 100/130 200/250 200/240 100/130
Loss in control gear, W. 20 12 12 12 12 12
Lumen output :
After 100 hours 3.600 2.000 1.320 1.380 760 510
Life average 3.040 1.720 1.160 1.200 620 420
Final 2.560 1.440 1.000 1.050 540 375
P.F. of lamp and ballast 0.5 4.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
With capacitor 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85
Capacitor, value, uF 7.5 3.25 7.5 3.25 3.25 3.25
Average life hr 3.000 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500
Cap type b. c. bi-pin
Table 93
Earthing Ready Reckoner
S. No. Description Weight of Conductor kg/m

Copper Aluminium G.l.
1 No. 14 SWG Wire 0.028 - 0.0254
2 No. 12 ,, ,, 0.049 0.0162 0.043
(6 sq. mm)
3 No. 8 ,, ,, 0.1155 0.0270 0.102
(10 sq.mm)
4 No. 6 ,, ,, 0.1668 - 0.1465
5 No. 4 ,, ,, 0.243 - 0.224
6 No. 2 ,, ,, 0.344 0.0945 0.305
(35 sq. mm)
7 25X3 mm flat 0.670 0.202 0.590
8 32X6 ,, 1.715 0.518 1.510
9 50X6 ,, 2.680 0.810 2.360
10 600X600X6 mm thick plate 19.30 5.83 17.0
11 600X600X12 mm thick plate 38.60 11.66 34.0
Recommended Earth Conductors for Motors
1 Up to 15 H.P. 12 SWG 6 sq. mm 8 SWG

2 from 20 to 30 H.P. 8SWG 10 sq. mm 4SWG
3 from 35 to 50 H.P. 4SWG 35 sq. mm 25X3 mm
flat
4 Above 50 H.P. 25X3 mm 25x6 mm 32X6 mm
flat flat flat
Galvanised earthing details
G.l. Cond. Area Nominal Approx Approx

Size Sq. mm dia. mm Weight resistance
Kg/m ohm/m
14 SWG 3.24 2.03 0.026 0.0433
12 SWG 5.48 2.64 0.044 0.02565
10 SWG 8.35 3.26 0.067 0.0162
8 SWG 12.97 4.06 0.104 0.0106
6 SWG 18.68 4.88 0.150 0.00733
4 SWG 27.27 5.89 0.218 0.00505
25X3 mm flat 75.00 - 0.600 0.0017
32X6 mm flat 192.0 - 0.536 0.0007
50X6 mm flat 300.0 - 2.400 0.00033
Table 94 (a)
Light output from electric lamps Tungsten-filament
General Service electric lamps-(specified in BSS 161)
Nominal Rating Initial out put Average flux
volts watts Efficiency (lumens/watt) Flux (lumens) Output through
Life of lamp (lumens)
110 40 11.8 (12.4) 470 (495) 449 (465)
60 13.2 (13.8) 790 (830) 759 (775)
75 14.1 (14.7) 1060 (1100) 1000 (1025)
100 15.0 (15.9) 1500 (1490) 1500 (1465)
230 40 8.5 (12.4) 340 (415) 330 (389)
60 10.0 (11.7) 600 (700) 584 (665)
75 10.8 (12.4) 810 (930) 785 (883)
100 12.0 (13.4) 1200 (1340) 1160 (1270)
150 13.9 2090 1970
200 14.4 2880 2725
300 15.6 4690 4430
500 16.8 9410 7930
750 18.0 13500 12740
1000 18.9 18900 17800
1500 20.1 30100 28360
The figures in brackets refer to lamps with coiled-coil filaments
Table 94 (b)
Light output from Electric lamps
Electric Discharge Lamps ( specified )
Type wattage Initial output Average Flux out
Efficiency Flux Put through life
(lumens/watt) (lumens) Of lamp (Lumens)
Mercury Vapour 80 38 3040 2240
125 42 5250 3750
250 36 9000 7250
400 45 18000 13600
400 45 18000 13600
Fluorescent 80 38 3040 2240

125 42 5250 3750
400 38 15200 12400
Sodium Vapour 45 55.5 2500 2000

60 65 3900 3120
85 71.5 6080 4850
125 100 25000
400 117.5 47000
Table 94 (c)
Light output from Electric Lamps For Decorative All Covered Fixtures
Form of 75% 50% 10%
Walls Room
Distribu-
Ceiling
index
50% 30% 10% 50% 30% 10% 30% 10%
tion curve
Coefficient of Utilisation
J 0.28 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.19

I 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25
H 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28
28% up G 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31
14% down F 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32
E 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.35
D 0.52 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.39 0.38
C 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.40 0.39
B 0.57 0.53 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.42 0.41
A 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.42 0.42
Table 95 (a)
Approximate Power Consumption of Electrical Appliances
Kettles* : 0 28 Litre 275 W Circulating water heaters :
0.57 ,, 300 – 400 W 2 – 6 kW
1.13 ,, 450 – 650 W
1.7 ,, 800 – 1000 W Chafing dish :
2.3 to 3.4 ,, 1000 - 1400 W 1.7 Litres 500 W
Jugs : 0.28 Litre 275 W
0.57 ,, 400 W Hot plates :
1.13 ,, 550 W
12.7 cm Dia 400 W
Urns : 4.5 Litre 1000 W 17.8 ,, 900 – 1000 W
9 ,, 1400 W 20.3 ,, 1300 – 1400 W
13.6 ,, 1500 – 1750 W 33 – 36 cm. sq
18-27 ,, 2000 - 2500 W
Simmering plates :
Immersion heaters : 20.3 X 30.5 cm 550 – 700 W
15.2 cm Long 250 – 500 W 61 X 30.5 ,, 1000 – 1200 W
17.8 ,, ,, 500 – 750 W
25.4 ,, ,, 750 – 1000 W Dish and food warmers :
40.6 ,, ,, 1600 – 2000 W 30.5 X 30.5 cm 160 – 170 W
Geysers : 50.8 X 30.5 cm 250 – 300 W
109 Litres/ h at 38C 3.0 kW 76 X 38 ,, 400 – 500 W
145 ,, 4.0 kW Toasters :
182 ,, 5.0 kW 1 Slice 350 – 550 W
273 ,, 7.5 kW 3 Slices 1750 W
363 ,, 10.0 kW 5 Slices 2500 W
Table 95 ( a ) contd.
Grills : Vacuum cleaner :

20.3 X 15.2 cm 750 – 1000 W Usual Domestic 200 W
46 X 30.2 ,, 3000 – 4500 W High Power 300 – 600 W
Blower : 160 W
Ovens : Hair Drier : 550 W
36 X 36 X 31 cm inside 1.5 kW Glue Pots : 0.57 Litre 100 W
30 X 30 X 41 ,, 1.5 kW 1.13 ,, 400 W
36 X 36 X 41 ,, 2 kW 2.3 ,, 650 W
Soldering iron : 0.2 kg 60 W
Irons (laundry & tailoring ) : 0.5 kg 120 W
1.36 kg 250 W 0.7 ,, 200 W
1.81 ,, 280 – 300 W 0.9 ,, 275 W
2.27 ,, 350 – 450 W 1.3 ,, 450 W
2.72 ,, 400 – 500 W Small motors :
3.17 ,, 500 – 600 W Drilling 14 mm Hole 250 – 250 W
5.44 ,, 600 – 700 W ,, 22 ,, 350 – 400 W
9.1 ,, 800 – 850 W ,, 25 ,, 750 W
,, 38 ,, 1500 W
Radiant `’Fires’ Grinding :
Small Bowl 600 W 15.2 X 1.9 cm wheel 750 W
Medium & large 1 – 3 kW 20.3 X 1.9 ,, 1250 W
25.4 X 1.9 ,, 2250 W
Electric clothes washer : Tube cleaning :
2 Blanket size 250 W 51 mm Tubes 750 W
101 ,, 1750 W
*Boiling time, in minutes = Litres X 6800

Watts
Table 95 ( b )
Approximate Connected Loads
Of some important household appliances
Electric iron 400 – 1000 W

Immersion heater 500 – 1000 W
Rapid action cooker 700 – 1200 W
Electric heater 1000 – 3000 W
Hair dryer 500 W
Heater pad 60 W
Vacuum cleaner 150 – 300 W
Cooker 1200 – 1500 W
Oven 700 – 1500 W
Small kitchen range 2200 – 3500 W
Large kitchen range 3700 – 7300 W
Water heater 1200 – 6000 W
Washing machine 300 W
Washing machine with heating 6000 W
Refrigerator 100 – 200 W
Radio 50 – 100 W
Table 96
Relay Identification Numbers
ASA DEVICE NUMBERS AND FUNCTIONS
Device No. Function and Definition
1. Master Element
2. Time delay starting or closing Relay
3. Checking or interlocking relay
4. Master Contractor
5. Stopping Device
6. Starting Circuit Breaker
7. Anode Circuit Breaker
8. Control Power Disconnecting Device
9. Reversing Device
10. Unit Sequence Switch
11. Reversing Device
12. Over speed Device
13. Synchronous speed Device
14. Under speed device
15. Speed or Frequency Matching Device
16. Reserved for future application
17. Shunting or Discharge switch
18. Accelerating or Decelerating Device
19. Starting-to-running Transition Contactor
20. Electrically operated valve
21. Distance relay
22. Equalizer Circuit Breaker
23. Temperature control device
25. Synchronizing or synchronism check device
26. Apparatus Thermal Device
27. Undervoltage relay
29. Isolating Contactor
30. Annunciator Relay
31. Separate Excitation Device
32. Directional Power Relay
33. Position Switch
Table 96 Contd.
34. Motor – operated sequence switch

35. Brush – operating or slip ring short circuiting device.
36 Polarity Device
37. Undercurrent or under power relay
38. Bearing Protective Device
40. Field Relay
41. Field Circuit Breaker
42. Running Circuit Breaker
43. Manual Transfer or Selector Device
44. Unit Sequence starting relay
46. Reserve – phase or phase balance current relay
47. Phase sequence Voltage relay
48. Incomplete sequence relay
49. Machine or transformer thermal relay
50. Instantaneous over – current or Rate of rise relay
51. AC Time Over – current relay
52. AC Circuit Breaker
53. Exciter or DC Generator Relay
54. High speed DC Circuit Breaker
55. Power Factor Relay
56. Field Application Relay
57. Short – Circuiting or Grounding Device
58. Power Rectifier Misfire Relay
59. Overvoltage Relay
60. Voltage Balance Relay
61. Current Balance Relay
62. Time delay Stopping or Opening Relay
63. Liquid or Gas Pressure. Level, or Flow Relay
64. Ground Protection Relay
65. Governor
Table 96 Contd.
66. Notching or jogging device

67. AC directional Overcurrent Relay
68. Blocking Relay
69. Permissive Control Device
70. Electrically operated rheostat
72. DC circuit Breaker
73. Load Resistor contractor
74. Alarm Relay
75. Position Changing Mechanism
76. DC Overcurrent Relay
77. Pulse Transmitter
78. Phase Angle Measuring or out – of – step Protective Relay
79. AC Reclosing Relay
81. Frequency Relay
82. DC Reclosing Relay
83. Automatic Selective Control or Transfer Relay
84. Operating Mechanism
85. Carrier or Pilot – wire Receive Relay
86. Locking – out relay
87. Differential protective relay
88. Auxiliary motor or motor generator
89. Line switch
90. Regulative Device
91. Voltage directional Relay
92. Voltage and Power Directional Relay
93. Field changing contactor
94. Tripping or trip – Free Relay
95 to 99 Used only for specific application on individual installations
Where none of the assigned numbering functions from 1 to
94 are suitable

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Table 1

To convert From Multiply by

0.1240 BThu/Sq. ft. hr k.Cal/Sq. m. hr 8.0636

10.7639 Foot candle lux 0.0929

0.3048 ft./s m/s 3.2808

272.7575 Gallon/minute Litre/hr 0.00366

To obtain From Multiply by

Inches Inches Millimeter Inches Inches Millimeter

1/8 0.125 3.175 5/8 0.625 15.875

9/64 0.140625 3.5719 41/64 0.640625 16.2719

1/4 0.25 6.35 3/4 0.75 19.05

17/64 0.265625 6.7469 49/64 0.765625 19.4469

3/8 0.375 9.525 7/8 0.875 22.225

25/64 0.390625 9.9219 57/64 0.890625 22.6219

1/2 0.5 12.7 1 1.0 25.4

Nominal Size Weight

3. Aggregate, fine sand :

8. Cast iron, manhole covers :

9. Cast iron, manhole frames :

11. Cement concrete, plain

12. Cement concrete, reinforced

13. Cement concrete,

14. Cement mortar - 2080 ,,

Lime concrete with burnt clay aggregate - 1920 ,,

18. Masonry stone

20. Plaster of Paris - 1760 Cu. m.

23. Soils and gravels

Dry, loose - 1280 ,,

Dry, loose - 1200 ,,

Dry - 560 to 640 ,,

Dry, Clean - 1540 to 1600 ,,

Basalt - 2850 to 2960 Cu. m.

25. Terra cotta (solid) - 1870 to 2370 ,,

Mangalore pattern - 2 to 3 tile

Eucalyptus - 850 Cu. m.

30. Wood – wool building slabs 10 6 Sq. m.

Note-All thicknesses are finished thicknesses.

Country tiles (single) with battens - 70 ,,

Glazing with aluminium alloy

Brick well 100 195 ,,

Cast 2580 to 2710 Cu. m.

Cast 8790 to 8940 Cu. m.

Cast 19250 to 19330 Cu. m.

5. Mercury 13600 Cu. m.

Bell metal (Copper 80%, Tin 20%) 8730 ,,

8. Cadmium & Tin

Lead 87.5%, Tin 12.5% 10590 ,,

Round bars Square bars

Diameter Sectional Weight Sectional Weight

5.0 0.196 1.57 0.154 5.0 0.25 2.0 0.196

Size Sectional Weight Flange Web Second moments

ISWB 150 150x100 21.67 17.0 7.0 5.4 839.1 94.8

ISHB 150 150x150 34.48 27.1 9.0 5.4 1455.6 431.7

ISJB (Indian Standard junior Beams)

Diameter Tor 40 & Tor 50

For Tension Reinforcement

For Compression Reinforcement

Ribbed torsteel can be used without end hooks.

Properties of flat bottom rails used on Indian Railways.

Bottom Weight of Distance Section Moment of Radius of Total

5.000 100 FF 3.03 15.40 46.70 2.18 6.000

4.812 75BSSFF 2.49 9.23 22.97 1.77 4.812

4.000 60 FF 2.13 6.57 13.99 1.54 4.250