CHAPTER 12: MARINE WORKS

Villanueva, Angelica Bernadeth V.

Claveria, John Mark J.
Mendoza, Jonathan Cyrus E.
Moscosa, Justine Ejay C.

1. Provides access to depths of about 15m (50ft). STANDARD DIVING SUITS

2. It is s a natural phenomenon of an entirely different but equally majestic character,
involving the simultaneous movement of all the water in the oceans. TIDAL MOVEMENT
3. Large, shallow lakes experience this movements of water that may be more
troublesome than the tide. SEICHE
4. A maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships
may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo. PORT
5. Southern Railway Company of England decided to proceed with a ______________
connecting a watertight dock at Dover with the French side of the channel. TRAIN-
FERRY SCHEME
6. Artificial concrete rocks used to construct breakwaters. DOLOS OR TETRAPODS
7. One of the stormiest parts of all the oceans. PENTLAND FIRTH
8. He obtained the first deep-sea sounding, to a depth of 4,430 m. SIR JAMES CLARK ROSS
9. Vivid evidence of a much higher sea level in the past. RAISED BEACHES
10. At low tide, much of the area of this bay is dry sand. MORECAMBE BAY
11. A loosely defined as the changes that occur in a river as it flows. RIVER DYNAMICS
12. A landform that forms from the deposition of sediment carried by a river. DELTA
13. Partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams
flowing into it. ESTUARY
14. Chief hydrologist of the US Geological survey who succeeded Horton in developing the
concepts about the river systems. LUNA LEOPARD
15. Also called maritime engineering. OFFSHORE STRUCTURE
16. Aims to keep riverflow within a certain well-defined course,usually that which the
stream normally occupies. RIVER-CONTROL WORK
17. A famous example of a natural cutoff during the civil war. VICKSBURG, qMISSISSIPPI
18. America's greatest river and its lusty tributary. BIG MUDDY
19. Constructed the first masonry Eddystone lighthouse. JOHN SMEATON
20. Aplies to any open excavation under water, generally with floating equipment , and often
utilizing full sized oceangoing vessels. DREDGING
21. It had been shown to be a dominant influence. WIND
22. One of the most substantial of coastal processes is the extensive movement of sand in a
regular and steady manner along many stretches of coast. LITTORAL DRIFT
23. Are the result of gradual depression of a coastline , the original coastal area is submerged
beneath the sea, which will thus stretch far inland and be in contact with an eroded land
surface. SHORELINES OF SUBMERGENCE
24. The _________ that have to be contered are just the same as those along the seacoast.
NATURAL FORCES
25. Most engineers know of stretches of coast on oceans,lakes, or island seas that are being
eroded at a noticeable rate. Although sandspits and bars give some evidence of
corresponding creation. COASTAL EROSION
26. This protection is used as a form of preventing flooding and soil erosion along the river
banks? BANK PROTECTION
27. Is a natural or artificial slope or wall to regulate water levels? LEVEE
28. They are sloping structures placed on banks or cliffs in such a way as to absorb the
energy of incoming water? REVETMENT
29. _______are built from an ocean shore or from a bank (rivers) that interrupts water flow
and limits the movement of sediments? GROINS
30. Cages of wire are filled with loose stones and so placed that in case of failure on one
sausage the superimposed cages will automatically move down to take its place?
GABIONS
31. The process of introducing weirs and locks to a river so as to secure a defined depth
suitable for navigation? CANALIZATION
32. Is the creation of new land where there was once water? LAND RECLAMATION
33. A deposit of sand or mud built up along, and sloping away from, either side of the flood
plain of a river or stream. NATURAL LEVEE
34. – 35. Give at least 2 types of Bank protection
LEVEES (OR DYKES/DIKES)
REVETMENTS
GROINS
WIRE SAUSAGES (GABIONS)
Marasigan, Brenn D.

CHAPTER 11: TRANSPORT FACILITIES (ROADS)

1. They were the two great British pioneers who appreciated the importance of geology in road
planning and in the selection of natural road materials.
 Thomas Telford & James Loudon

2. It is often the prime cause of trouble when the route lies over terrain that is so unsatisfactory
that a road cannot be built directly upon it.
 Water

3. What are the three major materials of roadwork?

 Soil, Concrete and Asphalt

4. The name that is said to be the origin of the French term chemins ferres and almost certainly is
the origin of the English expression crush stone road metal.
 Viae ferriae

5. He started his experiments on the properties of soils for road building as early as 1906.
 Dr. C. M. Strahan

6. They were the ones who built the greatest of all early single roads that was located in South
American continent.
 Incas

7. It was always carried out with intuitive geological appreciation.

 Roman road- buildings

8. The potential contributions of geology are more generally appreciated in the field of .
 Road making design and construction

9. They had built and used over 80, 000 km (50, 000 mi) of first – class highways.
 Romans

10. He overcame his blindness even to the extent of appreciating geology in his road- building
work.
 John Metcalfe

11. The two countries that led the way in the early branch of modern civil engineering.
 Britain and France
12. An early example of the application of geology to modern highway route selection and
design.
 Ohio Turnpike Project No. 1

13. This construction material is one of the regular materials used by the Romans in constructing
their roads.
 Iron forge waste

14. Two main problems to be faced in the design and construction of both roads and railways.
 route selection
 choice of road section and bearing surface of reasonably permanent stability

15. It is one of supreme importance in all highway work.

 Drainage

Cathy
1. Is an artificial channel, trapezoidal in shape to carry water to the field from a source,
such as a reservoir, river or a tank. CANAL
2. Canal that connects the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf in the Aegean Sea.
CORINTH CANAL
3. An artificial 77 km (48 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with
the Pacific Ocean. PANAMA CANAL
4. The process of reducing seepage loss of irrigation water by adding an impermeable layer
to the edges of the trench. CANAL LINING
5. Serves as shelter belts to many fields adjoining the canals. CANAL BANK PLANTATION
6. Device used for raising and lowering boats, ships and other watercraft between
stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. CANAL LOCKS
7. Solution to the problem posed by the excessive demand for water when conventional
locks were used to raise and lower canal boats through large height differences.
CAISSON LOCK
8. System used on some canals for raising boats between different water levels. Boats may
be conveyed afloat, in caissons, or may be carried in cradles or slings. INCLINED
PLANE LOCK
9. Machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an
alternative to the canal lock and the canal inclined plane. BOAT LIFT LOCK
10. The biggest canal in the world? PANAMA CANAL
 Members:
ADRIAN RICO, MICO MAGADIA, CHRISTIAN VILLARICO, JOELAR CASTRO, DELNA
MAGPANTAY

CHAPTER 14: Geology and The Civil Engineer

1. A process of considering the physical and sociological implications of both

urban and rural development.

Planning
2. The summary expression of geologic processes working through the ages.

Land
3. Often control hydrogeology, which is not normally as visible as soil and rock
types, but which can be disastrous if not recognized.

Rainfall Records
4. This must be accurately mapped, sampled, and tested, so that their basic
geotechnical character can be judged for use in preliminary zoning or site
layout.

Soils
5. Must be employed to search for sources, or for bedrock suitable for
quarrying if sand and gravel are not readily available.

General Reconnaissance
6. Always provide the starting point for all geological contributions to
planning.

Geological Reports
7. This must be planned so as to recognize the dynamic geomorphic forces
that created the current landforms.

Land Development
8. The first essential consideration for all sites.

General Geologic Setting

9. Non-renewable resources that must be located, tested and prepared for
extraction.

Sand and Gravel

10.Their presence gives warning of the need for specific subsurface
investigations of all installations adjacent to the fault trace.

Faults
11.An umbrella term that defines anything we do to protect our planet and
conserve its natural resources so that every living thing can have an
improved quality of life.

Environmental conservation
12.The process of ecological restoration of a site to a natural landscape and
habitat, safe for humans, wildlife, and plant communities.

Land restoration
13.Provide habitat for highly specialized plants and animals, including rare and
endangered species.

Dunes
14.A general term for material which currently has little or no economic value.

Waste
15.An open-pit mine for the extraction of gravel.

Gravel pit
16.It is the understanding of the ground/lithology.

Boring or Drilling
17.Made of records of borings at 14 locations in Chesapeake Bay

John Tilton Hack

18.Established the five basic stratigraphic units of great inland seabed.

Rominger and Rutledge

19.Underground vertical or inclined passageway.

Tunnel Shaft
20.Cuts necessary to give uniform superhighway grades provide a multitude of
geologic exposures.
Highways
21.It is perhaps the environmental concern of all times.
Waste management
22.It is particularly insidious since it has no smell.
Methane Gas
23.It can form a highly explosive mixture with varying percentages of air.
Methane Gas
24.A channel made to divert the flow of water from one cause to another.
Diversion of water
25.Is a process of making land, water, air or other parts of the environment
dirty and not safe or suitable to use.
Pollution
26.
 Group 12- Chapter 13 (Geology)
(QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

Reinhardt Angelo D. Villaruel

Volcanoes and Earthquakes
1.) ________ and _________ demand respect from the civil engineer as the
most dynamic and far-ranging of the geologic processes. Volcanism and
Seismicity
2.) ________ is clearly related to the existence of hot springs and zones of high
heat flow, demonstrating the great temperatures that exist well below the
earth’s surface. Volcanic action
3.) ________ has been one of the most exciting advances in the history of
geology. Plate Tectonics Theory
4.) ______________ was first suggested over a century ago, and seriously
promoted at the start of the present century by Taylor and Wegener. The
content, which holds the southern hemisphere can be fitted together to form
the protocontinent of Gondwanaland. Continental Drift Theory
5.) ______________ suggest that the Earth’s central core has a density of 10.72
g/cm³ and that it is surrounded by a mantle density of only 4.53 g/cm³
although this is higher than the thin outer-crust density of just less that 3
g/cm³. Geophysical Determinations
6.) The ______________ are the eroded tops of volcanoes rising from the depth
of the Pacific Ocean and are well known for their general mild activity.
Hawaiian Islands
7.) ________, as the most terrible and devastating of all natural phenomena,
have real relevance to engineering. Earthquakes
8.) ________ is the scientific study of earthquake and the propagation of elastic
waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. Seismology
9.) ____________ are especially susceptible to damage by dynamically induced
slides. Tunnel portals are especially susceptible to damage by dynamically
induced slides. Tunnel Portals
10.) ____________ is an earth-fill structure on the Madison River in
Southwestern Montana; the structure has a concrete wall, having been built
in 1915 by a power company. Hebgen Dam
John Emil Galigao
Landslides and Rockfalls
1. It refers to a situation of instability affecting natural slopes and involving
large volumes of soil. Landslide
2. A portion of the natural slope whose original profile has been modified
by artificial interventions, relevant with respect to stability. Slope
3. A is performed to assess the safe design of a human-made or natural
slope and the equilibrium conditions. Slope Stability Analyis
4. A is the resistance of inclined surface to failure by sliding or collapsing.
Slope Stability
5. It investigates the equilibrium of a soil mass tending to slide down under
the influence of gravity. Limit Equilibrium Analysis
6. It is the most popular limit equilibrium technique. In this approach, the
soil mass is discreized into vertical slices. Methods of slices
7. It is the natural downward motion of a detached block or series of blocks
with a small volume involving free falling, bouncing, rolling, and sliding.
Rockfall
8. A technique for evaluating slope stability in cohesive soils. It differs from
Bishop’s method in that it uses a clothoid slip surface in place of a circle.
Lorimer’s Method
9. It requires a computer program capable of cyclic algorithms, but makes
slope stability analysis easier. Spencer’s Method
10.It is used to assess the stability of slopes under seismic conditions. It may
also be used for static conditions if the value of the horizontal load is
taken as zero. Sarma Method

Matt Andrew Villanueva

Land Subsidence and Sinkholes

1. It is the gradual setting or sudden sinking of the of the Earth’s surface

owing to subsurface movement of earth materials. Land Subsidence.
2. The movement of the ground surface as a result of readjustment of the
overburden due to collapse or failure of underground mine workings.
Mining-Induced Subsidence
3. Occurs when old underground mine workings gradually fill up with water
and the water breaks out into the ground. Mine Drainage
4. Occurs in areas overlying underground mines which are relatively close
to the ground surface. Sinkholes
5. Usually occur when the overburden sags downward due to failure of
mine pillars. Trough Subsidence
6. Develop quickly in a matter of hours and cause catastrophic. Cover-
collapsed sinkholes
7. Form slowly over time with the ground gradually subsiding or deflating.
Cover-subsidence sinkholes
8. Regions where the type of rock below the land surface can naturally
dissolved by underground water circulating through them. Karst Terrain
9. What is known as the “sinkhole alley”? Hillsbourough Country in
Florida
10.It slowly erodes away the limestone causing sinkholes to occur. Acidic
Water.