Minihydro

Power Plant

HOW TO PLAN MHPP

SECTION 1 : BASIC KNOWLEDGE

By Ifnu Setyadi G
WHAT IS HYDRO POWER ?

height

Energy of falling stone, same height different weight

WHAT IS HYDRO POWER ?

Energy of falling stone, different height same weight

WHAT IS HYDRO POWER ?
Penguapan, soil storage, Penggunaan air :
terbuang/bocor/losses ecological flow, irigasi
CONCEPT OF MHP
A hydro scheme requires both water flow and a
drop in height (referred to as ‘Head’) to produce
useful power.

Drop “head” can directly to get from drop water

fall/irrigation or from slope of river
POWER CALCULATION

to determine the hydro

potential of water flowing
from the river or stream, it
have to know the flow rate
of the water and the head
through which the water
can fall, as defined in the
following:

The flow rate is the quantity of water flowing past a point at a given time. Typical
units used for flow rate are cubic metres per second (m3/s), litres per second (lps).

The head is the vertical height in metres (m) from the level where the water enters
the intake pipe (penstock) to the level where the water leaves the turbine housing
POWER CALCULATION

P = Q x H x g x E0

P = Power output in kW
Q = Usable flow rate in m3/s
H = Gross head in m
g = Gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
E0 = Efficiency factor of system (0.8 to 0.9)
PRINCIPAL MHP SCHEME
 EXAMPLE : MHP SCHEME

Workers Village
Tea Factory

Storage Pond

Intake & Sandtrap

Penstock

Powerhouse
Headrace Canal
OTHER SCHEME 1

There are of course many

variations on the design layout of
the system. As an example, the
water is entered directly to the
turbine from a channel without a
penstock. This type is the simplest
method to get the waterpower.
OTHER SCHEME - 2

Another variation is that the channel could be eliminated, and the penstock will run
directly to the turbine. Variations like this will depend on the characteristics of the
particular site and the requirements of the user of system.
OTHER SCHEME - 3
KLASIFIKASI
A. KAPASITAS

MICRO-HYDRO SD 100 KW
MINI-HYDRO 100 KW – 1 MW
SMALL-HYDRO 1 MW – 10 MW
MEDIUM-HYDRO 10 MW – 100 MW
LARGE-HYDRO > 100 MW

B. TIPE PENGAMBILAN AIR

RUN OFF RIVER

Power variation depend river flow,
lower firm capacity

DAM (BENDUNGAN)
Higher firm capacity

C. TINGGI JATUHAN

LOW HEAD
MEDIUM HEAD
HIGH HEAD
Possibility Scheme of Run off River MHP
Possibility Scheme of Run off River MHP
 Basic Design of MHP ?

How to develop
- High Capacity
- Short waterway
- High head
- Short penstock
Attractive site
 Good Potential Site (A)
1. Layak Bangun (Feasible) : Kapasitas 1 – 3
MW, panjang water way 1 km untuk head 25 M, CF
0.6

2. Attractive : Kapasitas 4 – 6 MW, panjang water

way 1 km untuk head 30 m, CF 0.65 – 0.7

3. Very Attractive : Kapasitas 7 – 10 MW, panjang

water way 1 km untuk head > 40 m, CF 0.65 – 0.7

Catatan :
Kapasitas 0.5 – 1 MW umumnya dibangun sebagai porto
folio project untuk investasi berikutnya, walau tingkat
kelayakan ekonominya pas-pasan
Good Potential Site (B)
Good Potential Site (B)
Korelasi Head & Waterway
 Good Potential Site (C)
2. Bigger Catchment Area is Better to ensure higher discharge
 Good Potential Site (C)
2. Bigger Catchment Area is Better to ensure higher discharge
 Good Potential Site (D)
2. Easy acces and near to interconection point :
how easy to acces the site and how far to develop transmission line
Point Necessary Good Potential Site

■ A easiness of access to site

Terima Kasih !
Salam !