Group Dynamics

zenith
By group
D.K.D. Madhubhashini
K. Sujeevakanthan
K.P.W.A.S.B Kaduwela
H.M. Madhumathi K.Haluwana
K.D.D.U.S.B. Amarathunga
Aroshi S. Tennekoon
A.M.S.B. Abeysekara
U.P. Wijewardane

on 14th January 2012

 What is a “Group”?

Two or more people who share a common definition and

evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a
definition.
(Vaughan & Hogg, 2002, p. 200)
 Two or more Who see them selves
People as group members

Group

Share common goals Inter act with each other

Groups Vs Teams

 All teams are Groups but not all groups are teams
 Skills in team is a force of together “Less me more Us”
 Team have individual tasks and Responsibility link to the task.
 A team have a positive synergy
1+1<2
Classification of Groups

Groups

Formal Informal

Command Tasks Interest Friendship

groups groups groups groups
Formal Groups
Structured to perform specific tasks

Command Groups
Groups that are determined by the organization chart and composed of
individuals who report directly to a given manager

Tasks Groups
Groups composed of individuals brought together to complete a specific
job task ; their existence is often temporary because once the task is
completed, the group disbands.
Informal Groups
Created by workers to meet their needs.

Friendship Groups
Made up of employees who enjoys each other’s company.
satisfy the need for human interaction and social support.

Interest Groups
Workers seek to achieve a common goal based on their membership in then
organization.
managers should observe interest groups to learn what
employees see as
Reasons for Joining Groups
Security
Status
Self –Esteem
Affiliation
Power
Goal Achievement
 Performing
Norming
Storming
Forming
Forming
Interdependence
Adjourning
Independence
Independence
 Members join & begin the process of defining the group’s
purpose, structure & leadership.
Storming
Conflict & confrontation(disagreements)
 Intra group conflict occurs as individuals
 resist control by the group & disagree over
 lead. .
Norming
 Close relationships develop as the group becomes cohesive &
establishes its norms for acceptable behavior.
Performing
 Group fully functional
 Devoted to task at hand
 Mutual assistance
 Creativity
 Understanding goals & roles
(Independence)
Adjourning
(End of group / new modified group)
The group prepares to disband & is no longer concerned with high
levels of performance.
Dynamics of a group
Composition

Size Status

Group Dynamics
Leadership
Roles

Cohesiveness
Norms
Dynamics of a group
Composition
 Factor that determines the efficiency of collaborative learning is
the composition of the group.
 Most intensive variable is the heterogeneity of the groups.

Underlying
Types of diversity
Attributes
Age Information
Gender Knowledge
Intelligence Creativity
Race Values
Ethnicity Skills
Dynamics of a group
Size
Smaller group –
Cohesion develops more quickly.
Productive For completion of a particular task
Larger group –
 more effective for problem solving.
Social loafing effect can be occur.
( more numbers can lead to less
individual effort and individual becomes a
free rider)
Dynamics of a group
Roles
Group roles are largely determined by a combination of a
person’s personality and his or her experience with group settings
Assigned roles- chairmen , secretary , manager, treasurer

Emergent roles- confidant , group joker ,

gossiper , mentor
Dynamics of a group
Norms
Acceptable stands behavior
What should/should not to do

Common classes of norms…..

 Performance
 ppearance
 Social arrangement
 Allocation of resource

Why……
Group survival
Measure predictability of members behavior
Reduce embarrassing
Dynamics of a group
Cohesiveness
 Forming united whole
 Degree of motivated to remain in group

Depend on…..
 Interpersonal attraction
 Record of high performance in past
 Competition with other groups
Introduction:
George Elton Mayo who's known as the founder of “Human
Relations Movement” has mentioned in his book, “The Human
Problems of an Industrialized Civilization” the importance of Group
Behavior and its benefit towards an Organization.

When it comes to Group Behavior, the Conditions Effecting Group

Behavior is an important aspect, which it could be divided as,
External (organizational) conditions
Internal Group variables
Conditions Effecting Group
Behavior
External (organizational) Conditions Internal Group Variables

•Overall strategy •Individual competencies and traits

•Authority structures of members

•Formal regulations •Group structure

•Available organizational resources
•Employee selection criteria
•Organizational culture
•General physical layout
•Size of the group
•Internal pressure on members to
conform or the group’s norms

•Personal selection processes

•Performance evaluation and
reward systems
Group decision
In this path
 Introduction about group decision process….
 Method of decision making……
 Advantages of group decision making……
 Disadvantages of group decision making……
Group decision

 A complex process………………………….
 Require opinions from others…………
 On the process of decision making there are several
methods….

A. Authoritarian Style
 like a dictatorship
 Decision rest in the hand of the power full person…..
B. Brainstorming
 Excellent method
 Get the decision on consensus

c. Voting Based Method

Can you remember Voting Based Method????
 Generate more complete information and knowledge...
 Generate more diverse alternatives…..
 Increases acceptance of a solution……
 Increases legitimacy of decision….

 Time consuming…….
 Minority domination…..
 Pressure to conform……
Summary
 What is a group
 Difference between a group and a team
 Types of groups
 Reasons of joining groups
 Tuchman’s five theory of group development
 Dynamics of groups
 Conditions effecting group behavior
 Group decisions
Thank you!