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11.

He always _____________ (wear) a raincoat and - to make a sudden decision at the moment of speaking (this
MODUL _____________ (carry) an umbrella when he walked to the can be making an offer, a promise or describing an intention):

BAHASA INGGRIS II
office. - All right, I'll help you with the housework.
12. What you _____________ (think) of his last book? — I - I think I'll go for a walk, I have a slight headache.
_____________ (like) it very much. - I won't go to the party after all.
13. I _____________ (share) a flat with him when we were - I'll always be your friend.
students. He always _____________ (complain) about my - I promise I won't be late.
MEETING 2 PRACTICE 1 untidiness. - to make a request or invitation:
14. He suddenly _____________ (realize) that he _____________ - Will you wait for me?
TENSE REVIEW 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present (travel) in the wrong direction. - Will you come to my party on Saturday?
Present Continuous Tense - Simple Present Tense continuous tense. 15. He _____________ (play) the guitar outside her house when We use be going to:
Past Tense - Past Continuous Tense 1. Cuckoos _____________ (not build) nests. They _____________ someone opened the window and _____________ (throw) out - to make a prediction about a future event because of something
(use) the nests of other birds. a bucket of water. we can see now:
Present continuous 2. You can't see Tom now: he _____________ (have) a bath. 16. I just _____________ (open) the letter when the wind - Look at those clouds; it's going to rain.
We use the present continuous 3. He usually _____________ (drink) coffee but today he _____________ (blow) it out of my hand. - He isn't going to pass the test. (we can see that he doesn't study
- for something that is happening at the moment of speaking, often _____________ (drink) tea. 17. The burglar _____________ (open) the safe when he much)
with now, at the moment, today etc.: 4. What she _____________ (do) in the evenings? — _____________ (hear) footsteps. He immediately - to express our intention to do something:
- A green lizard is chasing me. She usually _____________ (play) cards or _____________ _____________ (put) out his torch and _____________ (crawl) - I'm going to change my lifestyle radically.
- Are you running away from something? (watch) TV. under the bed. - I'm going to study medicine.
- for something that is happening for a limited time in the present: 5. I won't go out now as it _____________ (rain) and I 18. When I _____________ (look) for my passport I _____________ - My parents are going to move to the country.
- I'm staying in Merton for a few months. _____________ (not have) an umbrella. (find) this old photograph. - Are you going to take up the new post? Yes, I am. /No, I'm not.
- to talk about future plans, often with tin expressions such as next 6. The last train _____________ (leave) the station at 11.30. 19. You looked very busy when I _____________ (see) you last We use the Present Continuous
week, on Tuesday, tonight:. 7. He usually _____________ (speak) so quickly that I night. What you _____________ (do)? - to talk about future events that we have fixed or arranged:
- We're going to the cinema tonight. Is Trig coming? _____________ (not understand) him. 20. The boys _____________ (play) cards when they - I'm starting a new job in June. (the arrangements have already
Present simple 8. Ann _____________ (make) a dress for herself at the moment. _____________ (hear) their father's step. They immediately been made)
We use the present simple She _____________ (make) all her own clothes. _____________ (hide) the cards and (take) out their lesson - We're going to the theatre tonight. (we've got the tickets)
- for things that repeatedly happen (or don't happen) especially 9. Hardly anyone _____________ (wear) a hat nowadays. books.
We use the Present Simple
with always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day etc.: 10. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. — Don't worry. I - to talk about future official events and timetables which we cannot
- I don't usually talk to aliens. _____________ (not like) that set anyway. MEETING 3 change:
- for things and facts which do not usually change: 11. I _____________ (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun - The conference begins on the 23rd of January.
- I live in Kingsley. is very strong. TENSE REVIEW 2 - My plane leaves at 3.30 p.m. tomorrow.
- with verbs such as like, love, hate, dislike, know, believe, think: 12. Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt Present Perfect Tense - Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- When does the concert start tomorrow?
- I love films. _____________ (read) it. Future Tense - Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past simple 13. I'm busy at the moment. I _____________ (redecorate) the Present perfect simple The past perfect expresses an activity that was complete before
- We form the past simple with regular verbs (invent: invented, live: sitting room. We use the present perfect simple another activity or time in the past.
lived) and Irregular verbs (wear: wore, meet: met) 14. The kettle _____________ (boil) now. Shall I make the tea? - for a completed action with just, already and yet: Sam arrived at 10:00. Ann left at 9:30.
- We use did + infinitive without to for questions, and did not or 15. How _____ you _____________ (get) to work as a rule? - We've just finished. - Ann had already left when Sam arrived.
didn't + infinitive without to for the negative. I usually _____________ (go) by bus but tomorrow I - for a completed action which has an effect or result in the present: Adverb clauses with by the time are frequently used with the past
- Did they wear jeans? _____________ (go) in Tom's car. - We've cleaned all the parts. (result: The engine looks like new.) perfect in the main clause.
- They didn't wear their best clothes.
- We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in PRACTICE 2 - for a completed action at an unknown or unstated time, often with
ever and never:
- By the time Sam got there, Ann had already left.
the past, often with a time expression. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past - You have never repaired a car before. If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is
- He made the first pair of jeans in America. continuous tense. Present perfect continuous often not necessary because the time relationship is already clear.
Past continuous 1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it _____________(burn) brightly when We use the present perfect continuous The simple past may be used.
- We form the past continuous with was/were + an ing form. Tom came in at 7.00. - for an action that begins in the past and continues up to the - Sam had left before Ann got there. = Sam left before Ann got
- he was travelling 2. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor present. The action may be finished or unfinished: there.
- they were digging _____________ (write) on the overhead projector. - The car has been making strange noises. - After the guests had left, I went to bed. = After the guests left, I
- We make questions and negative forms like this: 3. I _____________ (make) a cake when the light went out. I had to - with for and since and how long to emphasize how long an action went to bed.
- Was he travelling to New York? finish it in the dark. has been happening:
- He was not (OR wasn't) travelling to New York. 4. I didn't want to meet Paul so when he entered the room I - We have been working on it for hours. PRACTICE 1
- We use the past continuous for an action that was already _____________ (leave). - often with the long action verbs play, learn, do, wait, live, rain, Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box in the correct
happening at a particular time in the past. 5. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just _____________ (leave), so work, sleep etc.: form: present perfect or past simple.
- When he met them, they were digging for gold. we only had time for a few words. - It has been raining all day. be - break - earn - forget - give - go - have - offer - open - speak - tell
6. He _____________ (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very
Past simple or past continuous? Talking about the future 1. Bill _____________ away from school all this week.
unwillingly he _____________ (turn) down the sound and
- When one action interrupts another, we use the past continuous English doesn't have a future tense. We can use several forms to 2. Glenda _____________ to the cinema every weekend when she
_____________ (go) to answer it.
and the past simple together in one sentence. express different ideas about the future. was a student.
7. He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he
- We use the past continuous (was travelling) for the longer action We use will: 3. Pippa _____________ very quiet recently. Is she OK?
_____________ (stand} up.
and the past simple (met) for the shorter 'interrupting' action. - to make predictions based on intuition, beliefs, opinions or 4. Eric _____________ the door before I rang the bell.
8. The admiral _____________ (play) bowls when he received news
- Levi was travelling from New York to San Francisco when he met experience 5. How long ______ Neil _____________ his present job?
of the invasion. He _____________ (insist) on finishing the game.
some men. - He'll make a good doctor. (this is my personal opinion) 6. ______ Tina _____________ to her parents since she left home?
9. My dog _____________ (walk) along quietly when Mr Pitt's
- I think Indonesia will become a rich country one day. 7. Ow, that hurt! I think I _____________ my toe.
Pekinese _____________ (attack) him.
- Janice won't win the 100 metres medal this year. 8. Jack _____________ me about his problems last night.
10 When I arrived she _____________ (have) lunch. She
- Will he be here soon? Yes, he will./No, he won't. 9. I _____________ Sue's mobile number. Do you have it?
_____________ (apologize) for starting without me but said that
- Who do you think will win the match? 10. Jane _____________ more money in her last job, but she enjoys
she always _____________ (have) lunch at 12.30.
this one more.
11. ______ Brian _____________ you his new address before he
moved house?
PRACTICE 4 (h) be going to
Active : Mary is going to help the boy.
(h) be going to
Active : Is Mary going to help the boy?
12. My brother _____________ to lend me his car tomorrow, so I Use the simple past or the past perfect form of the verbs in Passive : The boy is going to be helped by Marry. Passive : Is the boy going to be helped by Marry?
needn't get the bus. parentheses to complete the sentences. In some cases, either
tense is correct. NEGATIVE
PRACTICE 1
PRACTICE 2 1. Samir (be) __________________ a newspaper reporter before he
(a) simple present
Active : Mary doesn’t help the boy. Change the active to passive.
Choose ten of the pictures and write true sentences about (become) __________________ a businessman.
yourself. Use the present perfect or past simple. Passive : The boy isn’t helped by Marry. 1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
2. I (feel) __________________ a little better after I (take) 2. Do waitresses and waiters serve customers?
__________________ the medicine. (b) present progressive 3. The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already) __________________ a Active : Mary isn’t helping the boy. 4. Two horses were pulling the farmer's wagon.
quiz when I (get) __________________ to class. Passive : The boy isn’t being helped by Marry. 5. Toshi will not invite Yoko to the party.
4. It was raining hard, but by the time class (be) 6. Alex is not preparing that report.
__________________ over, the rain (stop) (c) present perfect 7. Had Kathy returned the book to the library?
__________________ Active : Mary hasn’t helped the boy. 8. Miriam has designed several public buildings.
5. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (roam) __________________ the Passive : The boy hasn’t been helped by Marry. 9. His tricks won't fool me.
earth, but they (become) __________________ extinct by the 10. I didn't write that note. Did Jim write it?
time people first (appear) (d) simple past 11. Does Prof. Shapiro teach that course? No, he doesn't teach it.
6. I (see, never) any of Picasso's paintings before I (visit) Active : Mary didn’t help the boy. 12. Mrs. Andrews hasn't signed those papers yet. Has Mr. Andrews
__________________ the art museum. Passive : The boy wasn’t helped by Marry. signed them yet?
7. After work, I went to Rosa's office to give her a ride hone, but I Change the passive to active.
couldn't find her. She (leave) __________________ with someone (e) past progressive 13. The speech was given by Anwar.
else. Active : Mary wasn’t helping the boy. 14. Our assignments are going to be corrected by the teaching
8. I got ready to pay the bill, but when I (look) __________________ Passive : The boy wasn’t being helped by Marry. assistant.
in my pocket, I discovered that I (leave) __________________ 15. Was the electric light bulb invented by Thomas Edison? ,16. The
my wallet at home. With some embarrassment, I told my friend (f) past perfect speed limit on Highway 5 isn't obeyed by most drivers.
that I ( forget) __________________ my wallet. She kindly (offer) Active : Mary hadn’t helped the boy. 17. Have you been informed of the rent increase by the building
__________________ to pay my part of the bill for me. Passive : The boy hadn’t been helped by Marry. manager?

MEETING 5 (g) simple future


Active : Mary will not help the boy.
PRACTICE 2
1. I _______________________ since last month
2. Yesterday I _______________________ Passive : The boy will not be helped by Marry. Change the active verbs to passive if possible. Some verbs are
PASSIVE VOICE 1 intransitive and cannot be changed.
3. In the past six months I _______________________
4. Since my last birthday I _______________________ PASSIVE VOICE ALL TENSES (h) be going to 1. A strange thing happened yesterday. (no change)
5. I recently. Active : Mary is not going to help the boy. 2. Jackie scored the winning goal. ---> The winning goal was scored
6. Last year I _______________________ Passive : The boy is not going to be helped by Marry. by Jackie.
7. Six months ago I _______________________ Study the following ative and passive sentences 3. I agree with Dr. Ikeda's theory.
8. I _______________________ when I was a child. 4. Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.
INTERROGATIVE
9. I _______________________ yesterday evening. 5. A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.
AFFIRMATIVE (a) simple present
10. This week I _______________________ 6. A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway.
(a) simple present Active : Does Mary help the boy?
7. The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo.
Active : Mary helps the boy. Passive : Is the boy helped by Marry?
PRACTICE 3 Passive : The boy is helped by Marry.
8. After class, one of the students always erases the board.
9. The solution to my problem appeared to one in a dream.
Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box and will or (b) present progressive
10. Our plan succeeded at last.
going to. (b) present progressive Active : Is Mary helping the boy?
11. Barbara traveled to Uganda last year.
Active : Mary is helping the boy. Passive : Is The boy being helped by Marry?
12. A special committee is going to seal the dispute.
read - work - not watch - travel - live Passive : The boy is being helped by Marry.
13. Did the police catch the thief?
remain - not rain - have - watch - use - not be (c) present perfect
14. This room is a mess. What happened?
(c) present perfect Active : Has Mary helped the boy?
1. What do I think about phones in the future? Active : Mary has helped the boy. Passive : Has the boy been helped by Marry?
There _______________ phones in houses, everyone Passive : The boy has been helped by Marry. USING THE PASSIVE
mobile phones and your phone number _______________ the (d) simple past
(a) Rice is grown in Usually the passive is used without a
same all your life. (d) simple past Active : Did Mary help the boy?
India. by-phrase. The passive is most frequently
2. My sister _______________ a baby in December. Active : Mary helped the boy. Passive : Was the boy helped by Marry?
(b) Our house was used when it is not known or not important
3. In my opinion, we _______________ e-books rather than paper Passive : The boy was helped by Marry.
built in 1980. to know exactly who performs an action.
books in the future. (e) past progressive
(c) This olive oil was In (a): Rice is grown in India by people, by
4. We _______________ films on TV in ten years time, (e) past progressive Active : Was Mary helping the boy?
imported from farmers, by someone. It is not known or
we _______________ DVDs instead, I believe. Active : Mary was helping the boy. Passive : Was the boy being helped by Marry?
Crete. important to know exactly who grows rice in
5. You don't need an umbrella. Look at the sky, it's blue and there Passive : The boy was being helped by Marry.
India.
aren't any clouds — it _______________ today. (f) past perfect
Examples (a), (b), and (c) illustrate the most
6. Do you think that people _______________ to other (f) past perfect Active : Had Mary helped the boy?
common use of the passive, i.e., without the
planets in the future? Active : Mary had helped the boy. Passive : Had the boy been helped by Marry?
by-phrase.
7. Intelligent houses already exist and scientists are developing new Passive : The boy had been helped by Marry.
ideas all the time. It's clear everyone _______________ in (g) simple future
(d) My aunt made If the speaker knows who performs an
intelligent houses in the next 20 years. (g) simple future Active : Will Mary help the boy?
this rug. (active) action, usually the active is used, as in (d).
8. I think I _______________ in a school in the future. I want to be Active : Mary will help the boy. Passive : Will the be helped by Marry?
a teacher. Passive : The boy will be helped by Marry.
(e) This rug was made by Sometimes, even when the speaker (d) I locked the door five When the passive form is used 9. I'm sorry. You _____________ not _____________ for the job. 9. Chris ________________________ when she lost her job, so I
my aunt. knows who performs an action, he/ minutes ago. to describe an existing situation We need someone with a degree in electrical engineci ng. tried to cheer her up.
That rug was made by she chooses to use the passive with (e) The door was locked by me or state, as in (c), (f), and (i), it is 10. I love my wife. I _____________ to a wonderful woman. 10. I got an invitation. _______ you ________________________
my mother. the by-phrase in order to focus five minutes ago. called the "non-progressive 11. We can't eat this fruit. It _____________. We'll have to throw it to the party too?
(f) Life on the attention on the subject of a (f) Now the door is locked. passive." In the non-progressive: out. 11 . I ________________________ on Fridays. I’ll give you the
Mississippi was sentence. (g) Ann broke the window • no action is taking place; the 12. We'd better call a plumber. The water won't go down the drain. money I owe you next Friday. Okay?
written by Mark In (e): The focus of attention is on yesterday. action happened earlier. The drain _____________ with food. 12. After Ed graduated, he ________________________ by an
Twain. two rugs. In (f): The focus is on the (h) The window was broken by • there is no by-phrase. 13. Vietnam _____________ in Southeast Asia. engineering firm.
book, but the by-phrase is Ann. • the past participle functions as 14. A: How old is Juan? 13. But later, he ________________________ because he didn’t do
included because it contains (i) Now the window is broken. an adjective. B: He _____________ in 1980. his work.
important information. 15. A: The TV set isn't working. 14. Ben and Sara have had an interesting relationship. First, they
( j ) I am interested in Chinese Prepositions other than by can B: Are you sure? _____________ it _____________. _____________________ Then, they ____________________.
art. follow non-progressive passive Later, they ________________________ Finally, they
PRACTICE 3 ( k ) He is satisfied with his job. verbs.
Get + Adjective
________________________. Today they are a happily married
Discuss why passive was chosen for these sentences instead of ( I ) Ann is married to Alex. couple.
active. (m) I don't know where I am. I Sentences (m) through (p) are (a) I 'm getting hungry. Let's eat Get may be followed by certain
1. My sweater was made in England. am lost. examples of idiomatic usage of the soon. adjectives. Get gives the idea of
Reason: (n) I can't find my purse. It is passive form in common, everyday (b) I stopped working because I change — the idea of becoming,
The speaker or writer probably uses the passive here because gone. English. These sentences have no got sleepy. beginning to be, growing to be.
he or she doesn't know who made the sweater. Using an active (o) I am finished with my work. equivalent active sentences. In (a): I’m getting hungry = I wasn’t
sentence (Someone made my sweater in England) wouldn't add ( p) I am done with my work. hungry before, but now I’m begin-
any important information. ning to be hungry.
2. The new highway will be completed sometime next month.
3. The World Cup soccer games are being televised all over the
world this year.
PRACTICE 1 Get + Past Participle
4. This composition was written by Ali. That one was written by Complete the sentences with the non-progressive passive of the
Mariko. verbs in parentheses. Use the simple present or the simple past. (c) I stopped working because - Get may also be followed by a
5. The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people 1. Olga is wearing a blouse. It (make) _____________ made of I got tired. past participle. The past
every day. cotton. (d) They are getting married participle functions as an
6. Bananas originated in Asia but now are grown in the tropics of 2. The door to this room _____________ (shut) next month. adjective; it describes the
both hemispheres of the world. They were introduced to the 3. The lights in this room (turn) _____________ on. subject.
Americas in 1516. 4. This room _____________ (crowd, not) - The passive with get is common
5. We can leave now because class _____________ (finish) in spoken English, but not in
6. It is hot in this room because the window _____________ formal writing.
PRACTICE 4 (close) Common past participles with get
Make complete sentences with the given words. Use the simple 7. Yesterday it was hot in this room because the window
past. Some are active, and some are passive. _____________ (close) get dressed (in) get invited (to) get done (with)
8. We are ready to sit down and eat dinner. The table get drunk (on) get accepted (for, into) get involved (in, with)
1. We \ allow, not \ to go to the park alone when we were young
_____________ (set) the meat and rice _____________ (do) get elected (to) get accustomed to get killed (by, with)
2. A package \ deliver \ to our apartment yesterday
and the candles _____________ (light) get engaged (to) get acquainted (with) get lost (in)
3. Maria \ teach \ her son to read when he was three
9. Where's my wallet? It (go) _____________ Did you take it? get excited (about) get arrested (for) get married (to)
4. When I was in elementary school, we \ require \ to wear uniform
10. Hmmm. My dress (tear) _____________. I wonder how that get finished (with) get bored (with) get prepared (for)
5. As we watched, the airplane \ disappear \ into the clouds
happened. get fixed (by) get confused (about) get scared (of)
6. I \ agree \ with your decision yesterday
get hurt (by) get crowded (with) get sunburned
7. Timmy \ drop \ a plate after dinner last night
8. The plate \ fall \ to the floor with a crash PRACTICE 2 get interested (in) get divorced (from) get worried (about)
9. What \ happen \ yesterday
10. Something very sad \ happen \ yesterday Complete each sentence with an appropriate form of the words in
the list.
PRACTICE 3
11. My cat \ hit \ by a speeding truck Complete the sentences with any appropriate tense of get and the
12. She \ kill \ instantly given adjectives.
bear crowd locate plug in spoil
block divorce lose qualify stick accustom do hungry pay better engage invite
remarry dark fire marry well depress hire
MEETING 6 confuse exhaust marry schedule turn off
nervous wet divorce
1. Excuse me, sir. Could you give me some directions? I 1. What time are we going to eat? I ________________________
PASSIVE VOICE 2 ____________ lost 2. I didn't have an umbrella, so I ________________________ while
NON PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE & THE PASSIVE WITH GET 2. Let's find another restaurant. This one ____________ too I was waiting for the bus yesterday.
____________. We would have to wait at least an hour for a 3. Every time I have to give a speech, I __________________
table. 4. Would you mind turning on the light? It
Non Progressive Passive ________________________ in here.
3. The meeting ____________ for tomorrow at nine.
(a) The door is old. In (a) and (b): old and green are 4. That's hard work! I ____________. I need to rest for a while. 5. Maria's English is improving. It ________________________
(b) The door is green. adjectives. They describe the door. 5. You told me one thing, and John told me another. I don't know 6. My friend was sick, so I sent him a card. It said, "
(c) The door is locked. In (c): locked is a past participle. It what to think. I ____________ ________________________ soon."
is used as an adjective. It describes 6. Annie can't close the window. It ____________ 7. How long did it take you to ________________________ to living
the door. 7. Louise is probably sleeping. The lights in her room ____________ here?
8. Carolyn and Joe were married to each other for five years, 8. We can leave as soon as I ________________________ with this
but now they ____________ work.

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