Substations

Nauman Ahmad
Assistant Professor
EE SEN
UMT Lahore
Sub-Station
Classification of Substations
-contd-
Transformer Substations
-contd-
 Pole-Mounted Sub-Station
• It is the cheapest form of substation as it doesn’t involve any
building work.
-contd-

OCB
Underground Substation
2. Bus-bars
 Equipment in a Transformer
Substation: 1. Isolating Switches
 Single Bus-bar System
• Advantages:
– Low initial cost
– Less maintenance
– Simple operation
Arrangement of Single Bus-bar System:
11 ≤ kV ≤ 33
 Single Bus-bar System with
Sectionalisation
• Advantages:
– Fault on any section of
bus-bar will not cause
the complete shut
down.
– Fault current is much
lower than the previous
section as a feeder fault
is fed from 1 section
only.
– Repair and maintenance
of any section of bus-bar
can be done easily by
de-energizing that
section only.
Arrangement with Sectionalisation:
upto 33kV
 Duplicate Bus-bar System
• In large stations, this system
is used to give supply
continuously during
breakdowns and
maintenance.
• Such a system consists of
two bus-bars; a Main bus-
bar and a Spare bus-bar.
• Each generator and feeder is
connected to either bus-bar
with the help of ‘bus
coupler’ which consists of a
circuit breaker and isolators.
-contd-
Arrangement with Duplicate System:
> 33kV
 3. Insulators
• Support the conductors or bus-bars
• Confine the current to the conductors
• There are many types of insulators:
– Pin Type: used for low and medium voltages;
max upto 66kV.
 -contd-
• Suspension Type: for medium upto high voltages.
 -contd-
• Post Insulator: used for bus-bars
Terminal and Through Sub-Stations
 Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)
• C1 is constructed as a stack of capacitors
connected in series to provide a large
voltage drop across C1 and, relatively, small
voltage drop across C2. It reduces the
isolation level of voltage transformer.
• A tap voltage (approximately 5-12kV
depending on type) is taken from the
lowest capacitor section and fed to an
electromagnetic circuit in the cast Al base
box. The base box provides the final output
voltages via multiple tapped secondary
windings, series compensating reactor and
ferro-resonance control circuitry.
 -contd-
• Used for Voltage Metering and Protection in
High Voltage Networks.
• CVTs also serve as coupling capacitors for
coupling high frequency power line carrier
signals to transmission line.
• CVTs when used with ‘wave traps’ are used for
filtering high frequency communication
signals from power frequency.
-contd-